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Cell of the adaptive immune system
In immunology, a memory B cell (MBC) is a type of B lymphocyte that forms part of the adaptive immune system. These cells develop within germinal centers
Memory_B_cell
Type of white blood cell
When a naïve or memory B cell is activated by an antigen, it proliferates and differentiates into an antibody-secreting effector cell, known as a plasmablast
B_cell
Subset of T lymphocytes
Memory T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that might have some of the same functions as memory B cells. Their lineage is unclear. Antigen-specific
Memory_T_cell
White blood cell that secretes large volumes of antibodies
Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells or effector B cells, are white blood cells that originate in the lymphoid organs as B cells and secrete large
Plasma_cell
Lymphatic tissue structure
cells and durable memory B cells. There are several key differences between naive B cells and GC B cells. Naive B cells do not undergo lots of cell division
Germinal_center
Ability of the immune system to quickly and specifically recognize an antigen
antigen, some of the antigen-specific T cells and B cells persist in the body and become long-living memory T and B cells. After a second encounter with the
Immunological_memory
Part of computer memory
The memory cell is the fundamental building block of computer memory. The memory cell is a device, such as an electronic circuit, that stores one bit
Memory_cell_(computing)
Topics referred to by the same term
lobe of the brain. Memory B cell, an antibody producing cell Memory T cell, an infection fighting cell Virtual memory T cell Memory cell (computing), a building
Memory_cell
B cell not yet exposed to an antigen
naive B cell either becomes a memory B cell or a plasma cell that secretes antibodies specific to the antigen that was originally bound. Plasma cells do
Naive_B_cell
Immune response by adaptive immune system
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen[citation
Polyclonal_B_cell_response
Transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell
resulting in cell proliferation and differentiation to generate a population of antibody-secreting plasma B cells and memory B cells. The B cell receptor
B-cell_receptor
Aspect of immunity
plasma cells or memory B cells. The memory B cells remain inactive here; later, upon reinfection with the same antigen, they divide to form plasma cells. On
Humoral_immunity
White blood cell
conversely to memory B cells, which are quiescent and respond quickly to antigens upon recall. Initially, it was believed that memory B cells replenish LLPCs
Long-lived_plasma_cell
Immune cells found in lymph nodes
plasma cells and memory B cells. Adhesion between FDCs and B cells is mediated by ICAM-1 (CD54)–LFA-1 (CD11a) and VCAM–VLA-4 molecules. Activated B-cells with
Follicular_dendritic_cells
Immune disorder
B cells and lower frequencies of class-switched memory B cells. Frequencies of other B cell populations, such as IgD memory B cells, transitional B cells
Common variable immunodeficiency
Common_variable_immunodeficiency
White blood cells of the immune system
CD4+ T cells function as "helper cells." Unlike CD8+ killer T cells, the CD4+ helper T (TH) cells function by further activating memory B cells and cytotoxic
T_cell
Type of immune cell involved in germinal center formation and maintenance
center-dependent memory B cells capable of quick immune re-activation in the future if ever the same antigen is re-encountered. TFH cells are also thought
Follicular_B_helper_T_cells
Bone marrow cancer in which lymphocytes are overproduced
into the addition of three different methyl subgroups (naïve B-cell-like, memory B-cell-like, and intermediate), which impact how much that DNA sequence
Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia
ISBN 978-0-443-01657-8. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). "Table 22-1, Blood Cells". Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland
List_of_immune_cells
Immune phenomenon
infection, long-lived memory B cells are generated, which remain in the body and protect from subsequent infections. These memory B cells respond to specific
Original_antigenic_sin
Type of cells of the immunological system
Lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) include T cells (subdivided into helper T cells, memory T cells, cytotoxic T cells), B cells (subdivided into plasma cells and
White_blood_cell
Virus of the herpes family
is brought under control, EBV latency persists in the individual's memory B cells for the rest of their life. The virus is about 122–180 nm in diameter
Epstein–Barr_virus
Infection following vaccine administration
to B cell receptors that inhibits cell division. Because the infant's immune system is not stimulated and B cell division is inhibited, few memory B cells
Breakthrough_infection
Tissue-resident memory T cells or TRM cells represent a subset of a long-lived memory T cells that occupies epithelial, mucosal and other tissues (skin
Tissue-resident_memory_T_cell
Type of immune cell
Marginal-zone B cells (MZ B cells) are noncirculating mature B cells that in humans segregate anatomically into the marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen and
Marginal-zone_B_cell
Protein(s) forming a major part of an organism's immune system
immune response, B cells can progressively differentiate into antibody-secreting cells or into memory B cells. Plasmablasts and plasma cells differ mainly
Antibody
Type of immune cell important for T-cell-dependent antibody responses to proteins
Within the immune system, follicular B cells (FO B cells) are a type of B cell that reside in primary and secondary lymphoid follicles (containing germinal
Follicular_B_cell
Subsystem of the immune system
cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that
Adaptive_immune_system
Pharmaceutical drug
others, is a medication used to treat hairy cell leukemia (formally named leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cladribine
Cladribine
Type of immune cell
cells, memory B cells, transitional B cells, marginal zone B cells, Br1 cells, GrB+B cells, CD9+ B cells and even some plasmablasts or plasma cells,
Regulatory_B_cell
Multi-core microprocessor microarchitecture
The Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/B.E.) is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) multi-core processor and microarchitecture developed by Sony
Cell_(processor)
Type of computer memory
random-access memory (dynamic RAM or DRAM) is a type of random-access semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a memory cell. A DRAM memory cell usually
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Group of disorders
or more types of lymphoid cells (a type of white blood cell), i.e. B cells, T cells, NK cells, and histiocytic-dendritic cells, are infected with the Epstein–Barr
Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases
Epstein–Barr_virus–associated_lymphoproliferative_diseases
Reaction occurring within an organism as a defence against a pathogen
the first-time exposure is called a primary immune response. Memory T and memory B cells are also produced in the case that the same pathogen enters the
Immune_response
Neuroscientific theory
that cell A needs to "take part in firing" cell B, and such causality can occur only if cell A fires just before, not at the same time as, cell B. This
Hebbian_theory
Enlarged B cell in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles
helper T cells. The production of the germinal center is important for the production of antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells. After proliferation
Centroblast
Mammalian protein found in humans
expressed on dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, macrophages, B-cells (including memory B-cells), and on other antigen-presenting cells. Along with CD80, CD86
CD86
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both use the same cell design, consisting of floating-gate
Flash_memory
Family of transcription factor protein complexes
activated B cells (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factor protein complexes that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival
NF-κB
Novel computer memory type
measured during reads, allowing a single cell to represent two bits, doubling memory density. Phase-change memory devices based on germanium, antimony and
Phase-change_memory
Type of immune cell
immune cells by releasing cytokines. They are considered essential in B cell antibody class switching, breaking cross-tolerance in dendritic cells, in the
T_helper_cell
Cancer of plasma cells
normal cell type most closely associated with MM cells is generally taken to be either an activated memory B cell or the precursor to plasma cells, the
Multiple_myeloma
Chemical compound
mature B cells and plasma cells with less impact on progenitor cells and memory B cells. Studies have looked at atacicept in animal models of autoimmune
Atacicept
Immune organ that filters blood
complement system on the capsule. They are produced by IgM memory B cells (a subtype of B cells) in the marginal zone of the spleen. A splenectomy (removal
Spleen
Part of the spleen
follicles of lymph nodes. Those marginal zones contain naive B cells and memory B cells. In contrast to the marginal zone of the spleen, they are not
Marginal_zone
T memory stem cell (TSCM) is a type of long-lived memory T cell with the ability to reconstitute the full diversity of memory and effector T cell subpopulations
T_memory_stem_cell
Virtual memory T cells (TVM) are a subtype of T lymphocytes. These are cells that have a memory phenotype but have not been exposed to a foreign antigen
Virtual_memory_T_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
B cells, memory B cells, marginal zone B cells and peripheral blood and tonsil B-cells, and at slightly higher levels on splenic naïve and memory B cells
FCRL3
Place-activated hippocampus cells found in some mammals
decrease of memory function. The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to John O'Keefe for the discovery of place cells, and to Edvard
Place_cell
Genetically engineered T cell
suppresses T cell activity. CAR T can be used to target autoimmune diseases by eradicating auto-reactive populations of memory B cells. A classical example
CAR_T_cell
Biological system protecting an organism against disease
individual to another. When B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells. Throughout the lifetime
Immune_system
Process for preserving information in DRAM
each cell and rewrites it, restoring the charge on the capacitor to its original level. Each memory refresh cycle refreshes a succeeding area of memory cells
Memory_refresh
B cell lymphocytes
adaptive immune system, as they have no memory, but otherwise, B1 cells perform many of the same roles as other B cells: making antibodies against antigens
B1_cell
Form of computer data storage
technology, random-access memory takes the form of integrated circuit (IC) chips with MOS (metal–oxide–semiconductor) memory cells. RAM is normally associated
Random-access_memory
Recurrent neural network architecture
short-term memory and their relationship, studied by cognitive psychologists since the early 20th century. An LSTM unit is typically composed of a cell and three
Long_short-term_memory
Autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks healthy tissue
with SLE have intense polyclonal B-cell activation, with a population shift towards immature B cells. Memory B cells with increased CD27+/IgD—are less
Lupus
Surgical removal of the spleen
disease. A splenectomy also results in a greatly diminished frequency of memory B cells. A 28-year follow-up of 740 World War II veterans who had their spleens
Splenectomy
Cellular memory modules are a form of epigenetic inheritance that allow cells to maintain their original identity after a series of cell divisions and
Cellular_memory_modules
Immune system deterioration brought on by aging
the effectiveness of vaccines in older populations. Some subsets of memory B cells may also produce higher levels of inflammatory signaling molecules,
Immunosenescence
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Antibody
1987 that by targeting membrane-bound IgE (mIgE) on B lymphoblast and memory B cells, those cells can be lysed or down-regulated, thus achieving the inhibition
Immunoglobulin_E
Examines sequence information from individual cells
transcription factors with ARID1A loss driving pre-memory B cell fate and lymphomagenesis". Cancer Cell. 42 (4): 583–604.e11. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2024.02
Single-cell_sequencing
Immunity strategy in living beings
associated with defective dendritic cell differentiation, weakened memory B-cell responses, and impaired regulatory T-cell development, highlighting how C3
Innate_immune_system
Biomarker for B cell lineage
B-lymphocyte antigen CD19, also known as CD19 molecule (Cluster of Differentiation 19), B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4, T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12
CD19
Metabolic disease involving abnormal deposited amyloid proteins
amyloidosis, and a diagnosis often begins with a search for plasma cell dyscrasia, memory B cells producing aberrant immunoglobulins or portions of immunoglobulins
Amyloidosis
Two important groups of soluble factors
cells (also referred to as B lymphocytes, cells which perform functions including: antibody secretion, antigen presentation, preservation of memory for
B cell growth and differentiation factors
B_cell_growth_and_differentiation_factors
Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine
that memory B cell formation is also improved over that of the unconjugated polysaccharide form. Since optimal contact between B cells and T cells is required
Hib_vaccine
Accessory cell of the mammalian immune system
macrophages and B cells can only activate memory T cells[citation needed] whereas dendritic cells can activate both memory and naive T cells, and are the
Dendritic_cell
Medical condition
phagocytes Generation of memory cells – Interactions between antibodies and antigens allow B-lymphocytes to establish cellular memories, otherwise known as
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
B-cell_prolymphocytic_leukemia
Process strengthening the immune system
improved by immunization are the T cells, B cells, and the antibodies B cells produce. Memory B cells and memory T cells are responsible for a swift response
Immunization
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
parts or cells Collective memory, memory that is shared, passed on, and constructed by a group Explicit memory False memory Immunological memory, a characteristic
Memory
Subtype of white blood cell
cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for
Lymphocyte
Type of computer memory
don't care bit) to every memory cell. In 2013, IBM fabricated a nonvolatile TCAM using 2-transistor/2-resistive-storage (2T-2R) cells. A design of TCAM using
Content-addressable_memory
Type of computer memory
W.H.; Visscher, P.B.; Lottis, D.; Chen, E.; Nikitin, V.; Krounbi, M. (2013). "Basic principles of STT-MRAM cell operation in memory arrays". Journal of
Magnetoresistive_RAM
Computer memory used for small quantities of data
S2CID 30491074. Rossler, B. (1977). "Electrically erasable and reprogrammable read-only memory using the n-channel SIMOS one-transistor cell". IEEE Transactions
EEPROM
Component primarily utilized for making cushions or mattresses
(LRPu). The foam bubbles or 'cells' are open, effectively creating a matrix through which air can move. Higher-density memory foam softens in reaction to
Memory_foam
Novel type of computer memory
Ferroelectric flash memory Magnetic-core memory MRAM nvSRAM Phase-change memory Programmable metallization cell Memristor Racetrack memory Bubble memory Rabe, Karin
Ferroelectric_RAM
Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection
years and are gone after six years. Nevertheless, memory cells including memory B cells and memory T cells can last much longer and may have the ability to
COVID-19_testing
Vaccine
declining immunity to anthrax bacteria. There is the potential that other memory B-cell populations are similarly adversely affected.[citation needed] Furin
Anthrax_vaccine_adsorbed
State of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process
hematopoietic stem cells are transferred.[citation needed] When B cells and T cells are activated by a pathogen, memory B-cells and T- cells develop, and the
Immunity_(medicine)
Type of cytotoxic lymphocyte
antigen-specific immunological memory, fundamental for responding to secondary infections with the same antigen. The role of NK cells in both the innate and adaptive
Natural_killer_cell
Species of virus
Demonstrates High Susceptibility and Permissiveness of both Naive and Memory B Cells". Journal of Virology. 92 (8): e00131-18. doi:10.1128/JVI.00131-18.
Measles_virus
Type of protein or peptide
Memory B cells can proliferate to produce more memory cells or plasma B cells. This is how the mitogen works, that is, by inducing mitosis in memory B
Mitogen
Medical condition
who had previously experienced remission, possibly by expanding the memory B cell population. Studies have generally asserted that 70-80% of children
Opsoclonus_myoclonus_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
significantly when B cells prepare to leave the germinal center to form plasma cells. Long-lived plasma cells are memory B cells that secrete high-affinity
IRF4
Additional administration of vaccine
required to "boost" the memory B and T cell count back up again. In the case of the polio vaccine, the memory B and T cells produced in response to the
Booster_dose
Cell that displays antigen bound by MHC proteins on its surface
antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells, present foreign antigens to helper T cells, while virus-infected cells (or cancer cells) can
Antigen-presenting_cell
Epigenetic phenomenon
telomerase extending the telomeres and loss of the cell's epigenetic memory. The epigenetic memory of a cell is reset by the changes in DNA methylation, using
Reprogramming
Ability of some viruses to lie dormant within a cell
Thorley-Lawson DA (1 September 2007). "Influence of EBV on the peripheral blood memory B cell compartment". Journal of Immunology. 179 (5): 3153–60. doi:10.4049/jimmunol
Virus_latency
correct naive B cells. Later vaccinations encourage the development of these cells further, eventually turning them into memory b cells, and later into
Management_of_HIV/AIDS
Vertebrate brain region
anterograde amnesia: the inability to form and retain new memories. Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus
Hippocampus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the FCRL4 gene. FCRL4 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on human memory B cells which resides in epithelial tissues. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163518
FCRL4
Infection specificity of pathogens
killer cells. These cells target the pathogen itself, killing it or rendering it inactive. This process further produces memory B cell and memory T cells that
Host_tropism
protective cells involved in an immune response. Activated B cells may differentiate into memory cells or plasma cells, while activated T cells may differentiate
Immunoblast
Power supply with electrochemical cells
devices historically used a wet cell for the "A" battery (to provide power to the filament) and a dry cell for the "B" battery (to provide the plate voltage)
Electric_battery
Specialized subtype of cytotoxic lymphocyte
natural killer (NK) cell or memory-like NK cell is a specialized natural killer cell that has the potential to form immunological memory. They can be distinguished
Adaptive_NK_cell
T cell which has not yet encountered its cognate antigen
the naive forms of helper T cells (CD4+) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+). Naive T cells, unlike activated or memory T cells, have not encountered its cognate
Naive_T_cell
Malaysian biologist
Weissman lab including the characterization of memory B cell formation, and functional differences in dendritic cells descended from myeloid vs. lymphoid lineages
Ming_Tatt_Cheah
Medical condition
immunoglobulin G (IgG). Patients produce insufficient numbers of CD27 memory B cells. XLP1 is caused by mutations in the SH2D1A gene, which is located at
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
X-linked_lymphoproliferative_disease
Regulators of the immune system
antigen-specific expansion of naïve T cells and is vital for the generation of T cell memory. CD27 is also a memory marker of B cells. CD27's activity is governed
Immune_checkpoint
B cell with a cleaved nucleus derived from centroblasts
germinal center as memory B cells or long-lived plasma cells, while other selected centrocytes are allowed to reenter the cell cycle by T cells. The remaining
Centrocyte
MEMORY B-CELL
MEMORY B-CELL
Male
Japanese
(守) Japanese name MAMORU means "protector."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Emery.
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Memory
Girl/Female
English American Greek
Melody.
Girl/Female
English American Welsh
Merry; mirthful; joyous. Also an abbreviation of Meredith.
Girl/Female
Indian
Memory
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Memory
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Muslim
Memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Memory
Male
Polish
Polish form of Greek Methodios, METODY means "method."
Female
Egyptian
, a priestess of the goddess Maut.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Memory
Girl/Female
Indian
Memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Memory
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Emery, EMORY means "work-power."
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, MELODY means "melody."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Embury or Emery.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Memory
Girl/Female
Arabic, Gujarati, Indian, Muslim, Parsi
Memory
Girl/Female
Muslim
Memory
MEMORY B-CELL
MEMORY B-CELL
Girl/Female
Tamil
Future
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Another Name of Lalithamba
Boy/Male
English
Lives at the Castle
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Servant of the Giver of Might and Glory
Male
Hebrew
(כּׄרֶש×) Hebrew form of Persian K�rush, KOWRESH means "like the sun." In the bible, this is the name of the king of Persia, Cyrus the Great, conqueror of Babylon, who freed the captive Jews.Â
Biblical
who is asked for or lent
Boy/Male
Arabic
Blessing; Prayer
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Victory of Beauty
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Combination of God
Biblical
breaking; hope
MEMORY B-CELL
MEMORY B-CELL
MEMORY B-CELL
MEMORY B-CELL
MEMORY B-CELL
n.
Memory.
n.
A memorial.
n.
Memory; remembrance.
n.
The art of memory; a system of precepts and rules intended to assist the memory; artificial memory.
a.
Assisting in memory.
n.
Any one of several species of fishes belonging to Echeneis, Remora, and allied genera. Called also sucking fish.
n.
Something, or an aggregate of things, remembered; hence, character, conduct, etc., as preserved in remembrance, history, or tradition; posthumous fame; as, the war became only a memory.
adv.
By, or from, memory.
superl.
Causing laughter, mirth, gladness, or delight; as, / merry jest.
n.
The reach and positiveness with which a person can remember; the strength and trustworthiness of one's power to reach and represent or to recall the past; as, his memory was never wrong.
n.
The actual and distinct retention and recognition of past ideas in the mind; remembrance; as, in memory of youth; memories of foreign lands.
n.
The faculty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of previous thoughts, impressions, or events.
b.
Ardor inspired by passion or enthusiasm.
pl.
of Memory
n.
Alt. of Memoirs
adv.
Beyond memory.
v.
(b)
n.
The time within which past events can be or are remembered; as, within the memory of man.
n.
A memorial account; a history composed from personal experience and memory; an account of transactions or events (usually written in familiar style) as they are remembered by the writer. See History, 2.