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900s–1500s phase of the Turkic languages
Middle Turkic is a phase in the development of the Turkic language family, covering much of the Middle Ages (c. 900–1500 CE). In particular the term is
Middle_Turkic_languages
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
far the largest languages of this branch are Uzbek and Uyghur. Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid
Karluk_languages
Branch of the Turkic languages
Oguric languages (also known as Bulgar, Bulgharic, Bolgar, Pre-Proto-Bulgaric, or Lir-Turkic and r-Turkic) are a branch of the Turkic language family
Oghuric_languages
Language family of Eurasia
The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia, from Southeastern Europe and Eastern
Turkic_languages
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 108 million people. The three languages with the largest number
Oghuz_languages
The Turkic languages are a group of languages spoken across Central Asia, West Asia, North Asia as well as Eastern Europe. Turkic languages are spoken
List_of_Turkic_languages
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
The Siberian Turkic or Northeastern Common Turkic languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family. The following table is based upon the classification
Siberian_Turkic_languages
Reconstructed ancestor of Turkic languages
book on the topic of: Proto-Turkic Proto-Turkic is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Turkic languages that was spoken by the Proto-Turks
Proto-Turkic_language
Extinct Karluk Turkic language
Old Turkic category, rather than Middle Turkic, as it is contemporary to the East Old Turkic languages of Orkhon Turkic and Old Uyghur. Eastern Middle Turkic
Karakhanid_language
Northeastern Turkic language
Chulym language was considered to belong to the Siberian Turkic group of Turkic languages that also includes Khakas, Shor and Western Yugur languages.[citation
Chulym_language
Earliest attested Turkic language
Turkic, while others prefer to include Karakhanid among Middle Turkic languages; nonetheless, Karakhanid is very close to Old Uyghur. East Old Turkic
Old_Turkic
Early form of the Azerbaijani language
Ajem-Turkic or Ajami Turkic (ترکی عجمی; Türkī-yi ʿacemī, lit. 'Persian Turkic' or 'Persian Turkish'), also known as Middle Azeri or Middle Azerbaijanian
Ajem-Turkic
Family of ethnic groups of Eurasia
as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages. According to historians and linguists, the Proto-Turkic language originated in Central-East Asia, potentially
Turkic_peoples
Convergence zone and proposed language family
The Altaic languages (/æl.ˈteɪ.ɪk/ , al-TAY-ik) or Altaic sprachbund are a sprachbund comprising the Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic language families. The
Altaic_languages
Extinct Karluk Turkic language
Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), was a Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central
Chagatai_language
Historical expansion of Turkic tribes and languages
The Turkic migrations were the spread of Turkic tribes and Turkic languages across Eurasia between the 6th and 11th centuries. In the 6th century, the
Turkic_migration
Karluk Turkic language
letters (Ю and Я). The Middle Turkic languages are the direct ancestor of the Karluk languages, including Uyghur and the Uzbek language. Modern Uyghur is not
Uyghur_language
Language family of Eurasia
Common Turkic loanwords. Proto-Mongolic, the ancestor language of the modern Mongolic languages, is very close to Middle Mongol, the language spoken at
Mongolic_languages
Extinct Turkic language spoken by the Göktürks
Turkic (also Göktürk) is the earliest version of Old Turkic, known as the oldest Turkic literary language, preceding Old Uyghur. It is the language in
Orkhon_Turkic
peoples Jewish diaspora Jews Turkic peoples "The Middle East", britannica.com, 21 September 2023 "Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures", su.se Shoup,
Ethnic groups in the Middle East
Ethnic_groups_in_the_Middle_East
Medieval ethnohistorical term used for the people of Oghuz Turkic origin
was a term for the people of Oghuz Turkic origin, widely used during the Middle Ages. Oghuz Turks were a western Turkic people that, in the 8th century A
Turkoman_(ethnonym)
Turkic language of the Oghuz sub-branch
in Iran, the Turkmen language comes second after the Azerbaijani language in terms of the number of speakers of Turkic languages of Iran. The standardized
Turkmen_language
Extinct Oghur Turkic language
language. Other than Chuvash, Bulgar is the only language to be definitively classified as an Oghur Turkic language. The inclusion of other languages
Bulgar_language
Project for a single Latin alphabet for all Turkic languages
The Common Turkic alphabet is a project of a single Latin alphabet for all Turkic languages based on a slightly modified Turkish alphabet, with 34 letters
Common_Turkic_alphabet
Extinct Turkic language spoken by Khazars
Slavic, and North Caucasian languages among its inhabitants. The Turkic tribes probably spoke a number of Turkic languages. Scholars considered possible
Khazar_language
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family
The Iranian languages, or Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by
Iranian_languages
Subregion of the Asian continent
result of Turkic migration, Central Asia also became the homeland for the Kazakhs, Kyrgyzs, Tatars, Turkmens, Uyghurs, and Uzbeks; Turkic languages largely
Central_Asia
Extinct unclassified language of the Huns
Hunnish language, but due to the origin of these proper names it has been compared with Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, and Yeniseian languages, and with
Hunnic_language
Ethnic group
Turkic Christians are ethnic Turkic people who follow Christianity. The Christian Turkic peoples represent an intersection of Turkic and Christian cultural
Turkic_Christians
552–603 khaganate founded by the Göktürks
The First Turkic Khaganate, also referred to as the First Turkic Empire, the Turkic Khaganate or the Göktürk Khaganate, was a Turkic khaganate established
First_Turkic_Khaganate
Transcontinental geopolitical region
neighboring countries. It is a member of the Turkic languages, which have their origins in East Asia. Another Turkic language, Azerbaijani, is spoken by Azerbaijanis
Middle_East
Pan-Turkic auxiliary language with statistical vocabulary
Ortatürk (lit. 'Middle Turkic') or Öztürkçe (lit. 'Core Turkic') is a pan-Turkic auxiliary language. It is described as an averaged language. It employs a
Ortatürk
Turkic ethnic group
as well as in Central Asia. They speak Chuvash, a Turkic language that diverged from other languages in the family more than a millennium ago. Among the
Chuvash_people
Oghur Turkic language
various Turkic languages: j - languages (Oguz): ayaq, qoy- d - languages (Karluk): adaq, qod- z - languages (Kypchak): azaq, qoz- r - languages (Oghur):
Chuvash_language
Grouping of two Turkic languages
a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it
Altai_languages
Karluk Turkic language
Language". "Uzbek, 'the penguin of Turkic languages'". 25 February 2011. "What Languages Are Spoken in Turkmenistan?". 12 June 2019. "What Languages Are
Uzbek_language
Kipchak Turkic language
Chuvash-Turkic Languages". Erdem. 5 (13): 129–139. doi:10.32704/erdem.1989.13.129. ISSN 1010-867X. S2CID 64344619. Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
Southern_Altai_language
Turkic language spoken in Tuva, Russia
Tuvan, also spelt Tyvan, is a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tuva in South Central Siberia, Russia. There are small groups of Tuvans that speak
Tuvan_language
Unclassified extinct language of the Rouran
'strength' < Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰲, romanized: küč 'strength, power' küskü – 'rat' laɣzïn – 'pig' < Old Turkic: 𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤 luu – 'dragon' < Middle Chinese luŋ
Rouran_language
Western Iranian language
languages spoken in neighboring regions and beyond, including other Iranian languages, the Turkic, Armenian, Georgian, Greek and Indo-Aryan languages
Persian_language
Myths and legends told by the Turkic people
this story was no longer known but remained in the language of the Turks. The Northern Turkic languages, such as the Jakuts and Dolgans, speak of the "Death
Turkic_mythology
Extinct West Kipchak Turkic language
Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and Kipchaks; the language was similar to today's various languages of the
Cuman_language
Turkic language
Azerbaijani or Azeri (also referred to as Azerbaijani Turkic or Azerbaijani Turkish) is a Turkic language from the Oghuz sub-branch. It is spoken primarily
Azerbaijani_language
Group of languages in Siberia
more dominant languages, particularly Tungusic and latterly Turkic languages, that have largely displaced them. More recently, Turkic (at least in Siberia)
Paleo-Siberian_languages
family. The third largest language, Uzbek, is a Turkic language and is sister to neighboring Turkmen. The Turkic languages, along with Balochi, Pashayi
Languages_of_Afghanistan
Turkic language
spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Significant
Turkish_language
1000s–1400s stage of the Turkish language
to 15th centuries. It developed into Early Ottoman Turkish and Ajemi Turkic (Middle Azerbaijani). It was written in the Perso-Arabic script. Unlike in later
Old_Anatolian_Turkish
majority language of Uzbekistan is the Uzbek language. However, many other native languages are spoken in the country. These include several other Turkic languages
Languages_of_Uzbekistan
Kipchak Turkic language
Siberian Tatar, which are different languages, although also part of the Kipchak language group. Like other Turkic languages, Tatar was traditionally written
Tatar_language
English language from the Turkic languages. Many of them came via traders and soldiers from and in the Ottoman Empire. There are some Turkic words as
List of English words of Turkic origin
List_of_English_words_of_Turkic_origin
Western Turkic people
The Oghuz Turks (Middle Turkic: ٱغُز, romanised: Oγuz) were a western Turkic people who spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. In the 8th
Oghuz_Turks
Ugric language
Turkic affinity of Hungarian, or, alternatively, that both the Uralic and the Turkic families formed part of a superfamily of Ural–Altaic languages.
Hungarian_language
Kipchak Turkic language
Kumyk language belongs to the Kipchak-Cuman subfamily of the Kipchak family of the Turkic languages. It's a descendant of the Cuman language, with likely
Kumyk_language
Turkic tribal confederation
(also Bulghars, Bulgari, Bolgars, Bolghars, Bolgari, Proto-Bulgarians) were Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribes that flourished in the Pontic–Caspian steppe
Bulgars
Former empire in the 6th and 7th centuries
times. The Tang dynasty overthrew the Eastern Turkic Khaganate in 630. The ethnonym Türk (pl. Türküt, > Middle Chinese as 突厥: early * dwət-kuɑt > late * tɦut-kyat
Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate
5th–7th-century Turkic nomadic group of the Pontic–Caspian steppe
it's almost no different from other Turkic languages. Oghuric family is distinguished from the rest of the Turkic family by sound changes and it has a
Onogurs
Proposed group of extinct languages
Para-Mongolic is a group of languages that is considered to be an extinct sister branch of the Mongolic languages. Para-Mongolic contains certain historically
Para-Mongolic_languages
14th-century ethnocultural synthesis in Asia
adopt Islam and use Turkic languages (of the Kipchak or Karluk groups) as a lingua franca. By the 15th century, these Muslim Turkic-speaking communities
Turco-Mongol_tradition
Unclassified extinct language formerly spoken in northeast China
It has been considered to be of either Turkic or Yeniseian affiliation. Only one phrase in the native language of the Jie is known. The source for this
Jie_language
Turkish nationalist pseudoscientific theory
Turkey in the 1930s that proposed that all human languages are descendants of one proto-Turkic primal language. The theory's promotion of Turks as a progenitor
Sun_Language_Theory
Kipchak Turkic language
to Turkish and genetically belongs to the Oghuz subgroup of Turkic languages. Orta (Middle or Central) dialect: spoken in the central regions of Crimea
Crimean_Tatar_language
Ruling dynasty of the Gökturk Khaganate
(Chinese: 阿史那; pinyin: Āshǐnà; Wade–Giles: A-shih-na; Middle Chinese: (Guangyun) [ʔɑʃi̯ə˥nɑ˩]) were a Turkic lineage and the ruling dynasty of the Göktürks.
Ashina_tribe
Study of the Turkic language and people
Turkology (or Turcology. Turkic studies or Turkish studies) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture
Turkology
Göktürk inscriptions dating to the 8th century
Orkhon inscriptions are bilingual texts in Middle Chinese and Old Turkic, the latter written in the Old Turkic alphabet, carved into two memorial steles
Orkhon_inscriptions
Turkic ethnic group
prove the point, the earliest surviving texts in Turkic languages are studded with terms from other languages." Golden, Peter B. (25 July 2018). "The Ethnogonic
Turkish_people
Language family
syllable in Middle Korean. A similar pitch accent is found in Japonic and Ainu languages, but not Tungusic, Mongolic or Turkic. Like other languages in northeast
Koreanic_languages
11th-century Central Asian Turkic poet, statesman, vizier and philosopher
as evidenced by the words of the poet at the beginning of the poem: Middle Turkic: arabça tejikçe kitâblar üküş, biziñ tilimizçe bu yumğı ukuş. biliglig
Yūsuf_Balasaguni
Extinct Eastern Iranian language of Central Asia
Sogdian language was the most important lingua franca of Mongolia, China, and Inner Asia, and one of the official languages of the First Turkic Khanate
Sogdian_language
Turkic ethnic group
speak the Turkmen language, which is classified as a part of the Eastern Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages. In the early Middle Ages, Turkmens called
Turkmens
Ancient female spirit
Sumerian mythology. Al means red, and bastı means pressure or pressing in Turkic languages. Bashkort: Албаҫты Uzbek: Alvasti Altai: Алвасти́ Turkmen: Албассы
Al_Basty
Literary language formerly used by Bashkirs and Tatars
Khaqani Turkic and Chagatai, it was one of the few Turkic literary languages used in the Middle Ages. It was actively used in publishing until 1905,
Ural-Volga_Turki
581–657 CE monarchical state
The Western Turkic Khaganate (Chinese: 西突厥; pinyin: Xī Tūjué) or Onoq Khaganate (Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰣:𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: On oq budun, lit. 'Ten arrow
Western_Turkic_Khaganate
Peak on the Slovak-Hungarian border
often dark green (almost black) colour. In Pecheneg and the other Middle Turkic languages, the word kara meant 'black', or from qurunçï 'sooty, charred felt'
Karancs
Northeastern Turkic language
Хакас тілі, romanized: Xakas tĕlĕ or тадар тілі, Tadar tĕlĕ), is a Turkic language spoken by the Khakas, who mainly live in the southwestern Siberian
Khakas_language
city of Shiraz in Fars. They speak the Qashqai language which is a member of the Turkic family of languages. The Qashqai were originally nomadic pastoralists
Ethnicities_in_Iran
Language family
(South Slavic language), but also by the Turkic and Uralic languages. For example: What's more, all three languages do also have false friends, that sometimes
East_Slavic_languages
Extinct Turkic people
(/ˈpɛtʃənɛɡ/) or Patzinaks, were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia who spoke the Pecheneg language. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Pechenegs
Pechenegs
Monarchical state ruled by a khan
khagan, khatun, or khanum. Khanates were typically nomadic Mongolic and Turkic societies located on the Eurasian Steppe, and politically equivalent in
Khanate
Political movement advocating the unity of Turkic peoples
Turya (Avesta) Turanid Turanism Turkic Council Turkism Day Turkic languages Turco-Mongols Tartary Ural–Altaic languages According to the Book of Zhou and
Pan-Turkism
Extinct 5th-century language of northern China
unique similarities to the Manchu language such as the initial consonant m- that does not exist in Turkic languages. In 2012, Chen expanded on his argument
Tuoba_language
Dictionary of the hypothetical Altaic language family
as well as Turkic and Mongolic languages having a common ancestor. The example given is the comparison between Proto-Turkic aŕiga and Middle Mongol ara'a
Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages
Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Altaic_Languages
Turkic people in Inner Asia
from the Old Turkic migration-term[clarification needed] 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜, Türük/Törük, which means 'created, born'. As a word in Turkic languages, Turk may mean
Göktürks
699–766 Turkic tribal confederation of Central Asia
The Türgesh or Türgish (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰾:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: Türügeš budun, lit. 'Türgesh people'; simplified Chinese: 突骑施; traditional Chinese:
Türgesh
Tatar dialect spoken in Russia
dialect spoken by the Nagaibak, a Turkic ethnic subgroup living in Russia. It is a middle dialect of the Tatar language, and is similar to the dialect of
Nagaibak_dialect
Alliance of various Eurasian nomads – 6th to 9th centuries
evidence for the presence of any Turkic or Mongolic languages among the Avars, but evidence for the presence of Iranian languages, further strengthened by Iranian-derived
Pannonian_Avars
Xianbei clan in early imperial China
The Tuoba (Chinese) or Tabgatch (Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲, Tabγač), also known by other names, was an influential Xianbei clan in early imperial China. During
Tuoba
History of the Turkic peoples
Turkic history is the systematic documentation and study of events involving the Turkic peoples. Turks are an important political identity of Eurasia
Turkic_history
Variety of Persian language
serves as the official interethnic language. In Afghanistan, this language is less influenced by Turkic languages and is regarded as a form of Dari, which
Tajik_language
1920s–30s Soviet Latin alphabet for Turkic languages
The New Turkic Alphabet, known in Turkic languages as Yañalif (Tatar: jaꞑa əlifʙa / jaꞑalif, pronounced [jɑˈŋɑ ælʲifˈbɑ] / [jɑŋɑˈlʲif]; lit. 'new alphabet'
Yañalif
Language family native to Eurasia
rule made the last Anatolian languages extinct. Turkic languages started replacing Scythian languages. 500–1000, Early Middle Ages: The Viking Age formed
Indo-European_languages
Chief deity of the Eurasian steppe religion
Tengri is the all-encompassing God of Heaven in the traditional Turkic, Yeniseian,[citation needed] Mongolic, and various other nomadic religious beliefs
Tengri
Kipchak Turkic language with Hebrew influences
their Turkic language rather than abandoning it for the local languages. Karaim is a member of the Turkic language family, a group of languages of Eurasia
Karaim_language
Language spoken in the Xiongnu empire
"predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic" languages, even though comparative archaeogenetic analysis, of the remains of
Xiongnu_language
classification of the Japonic languages and their external relations is unclear. Linguists traditionally consider the Japonic languages to belong to an independent
Classification of the Japonic languages
Classification_of_the_Japonic_languages
Topics referred to by the same term
the 13th century The Tatar languages are within the Kipchak branch of the Turkic family of languages. Tatar language, language of the Volga Tatars mainly
Tatar
Language family of central Siberia
Khakas. The Yeniseian languages share many contact-induced similarities with the South Siberian Turkic languages, Samoyedic languages, and Evenki. These
Yeniseian_languages
Symbol branding culture of Eurasian nomads
A tamga, or tamgha (Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰢𐰍𐰀, lit. 'stamp, seal'; Mongolian: Тамга, ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ; Adyghe: тамыгъэ) is an abstract seal or brand that was used by
Tamga
632–668 nomadic empire in Eastern Europe
Khaganate. Within the Turkic languages, "z" sounds in the easternmost languages tend to have become "r" in the westernmost Turkic languages; therefore, the
Old_Great_Bulgaria
Chulym dialect
nearly complete. The language is today, with no doubt, extinct. Lower Chulym is classified in the Siberian group of Turkic languages. Russian linguists
Lower_Chulym_dialect
non-Indo-European languages, most speak languages within either the Uralic or Turkic families. Still smaller groups — such as Basque (language isolate), Semitic
Languages_of_Europe
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