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Technology for phenotyping of cells
The phenotype microarray approach is a technology for high-throughput phenotyping of cells. A phenotype microarray system enables one to monitor simultaneously
Phenotype_microarray
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
analysis of microarrays Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray Microfluidics or lab-on-chip Pathogenomics Phenotype microarray Systems biology
DNA_microarray
Small-scale two-dimensional array of samples on a solid support
Glycan arrays (carbohydrate arrays) Phenotype microarrays Reverse phase protein lysate microarrays, microarrays of lysates or serum Interferometric reflectance
Microarray
Microarray analysis techniques are used in interpreting the data generated from experiments on DNA (Gene chip analysis), RNA, and protein microarrays
Microarray analysis techniques
Microarray_analysis_techniques
Chromosomal deletion syndrome
distinct craniofacial phenotype after birth. Diagnosis of WHS is confirmed by the detection of a deletion in the WHSCR. Chromosomal microarray and Cytogenetic
Wolf–Hirschhorn_syndrome
Medical condition
the distal area of the 1q21.1 part. The CNV leads to a very variable phenotype, and the manifestations in individuals are quite variable. Some people
1q21.1_deletion_syndrome
Set of all RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells
The first transcriptome studies were based on microarray techniques (also known as DNA chips). Microarrays consist of thin glass layers with spots on which
Transcriptome
Cell imaging
High-content screening High-throughput screening Functional genomics Phenotype microarray Bray, Mark-Anthony; Singh, Shantanu; Han, Han; Davis, Chadwick T;
Cell_painting
in phenotype, or detection of a response from the cell, such as a specific secreted factor. There are a large number of types of cellular microarrays: Reverse
Cellular_microarray
Study of RNA transcripts
biological sciences. There are two key contemporary techniques in the field: microarrays, which quantify a set of predetermined sequences, and RNA-Seq, which
Transcriptomics_technologies
Part of the genetic makeup of a cell which determines one of its characteristics
contributes to phenotype, the observable traits and characteristics in an individual or organism. The degree to which genotype affects phenotype depends on
Genotype
Rare neurodevelopmental disorder
or a chromosome microarray capable of detecting single‑nucleotide variants and larger deletions encompassing ANKRD17. As the phenotype overlaps with other
Chopra–Amiel–Gordon_syndrome
Medical condition
diagnosis 48,XXXY is by chromosomal microarray showing the presence of extra X chromosomes. Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is used to detect extra or missing
XXXY_syndrome
Field of molecular biology
prior knowledge of what transcripts to study (as microarrays do). RNA sequencing has taken over microarray and SAGE technology in recent years, as noted
Functional_genomics
Rare genetic syndrome
variation in the q13 region that presents with significant manifestations (phenotype) typical of a terminal deletion may be diagnosed as 22q13 deletion syndrome
22q13_deletion_syndrome
Human disease
initial diagnosis, although it may also be made by microarray analysis. Increasingly, microarray analysis is also being used to clarify breakpoints.
Distal_18q-
Method to evaluate biological samples
the human genome, with these fragments being used as probes on the DNA microarray. Now probes of various origins such as cDNA, genomic PCR products and
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative_genomic_hybridization
Protein found in humans
effectively remodels tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) towards an antitumor phenotype, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. As
ICOS_(gene)
Medical condition
dilation of the ascending aorta. The diagnosis is established by chromosomal microarray analysis detecting the duplication. There is no cure; treatment involves
7q11.23_duplication_syndrome
Model organism database on Xenopus frogs
amenability to microinjection also makes them extremely well suited to microarray approaches. Furthermore, these same characteristics make Xenopus, one
Xenbase
Microtechnology
such, peptide microarrays have been used to complement protein microarrays in proteomics research and diagnostics. Protein microarrays usually use Escherichia
Bio-MEMS
breakdown into prognostic, diagnostic and predictive signatures. The phenotypes that may theoretically be defined by a gene expression signature range
Gene_signature
standards are available for a vast variety of experiment types including microarray (MIAME), RNAseq (MINSEQE), metabolomics (MSI) and proteomics (MIAPE).
Minimum_information_standard
associate specific genotypes to apparent clinical phenotypes of a complex disease or trait. As opposed to “phenotype-first”, the traditional strategy that has
Genotype-first_approach
Molecular biology technique
(PCR), inserting fragments into a vector to be placed as probes within a microarray, and then fluorescent targets from a reference sequence will be allowed
Diversity_arrays_technology
Biological database
and support groups. An acronym of DatabasE of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources, DECIPHER was initiated in 2004 at the
DECIPHER
Study of genetic variants in different individuals
be people with different phenotypes for a particular trait, for example blood pressure. This approach is known as phenotype-first, in which the participants
Genome-wide_association_study
Project to build Genotype to Phenotype database
for microarray gene expression experiments using MOLGENIS and MAGE-TAB" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16. "Genotype-To-Phenotype Databases:
GEN2PHEN
Rare genetic condition
2022-03-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) "Microarray-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) | Learn Science at Scitable"
Nablus mask-like facial syndrome
Nablus_mask-like_facial_syndrome
Genomic study of immune system regulation and pathogen response
benefit from cDNA microarray analysis of gene expression,” and, thus, heralded the rise of immunomics. Limited by available microarrays and a non-complete
Immunomics
Clinical genetic test from Roche
inter-individual variability in the ability to metabolize drugs. There are four phenotypes of CYP2D6: Poor Metabolizer (PM), Intermediate Metabolizer (IM), Extensive
AmpliChip_CYP450_Test
Bioinformatics method
set of genes or proteins, and may have an association with different phenotypes (e.g. different organism growth patterns or diseases). The method uses
Gene_set_enrichment_analysis
associations between epigenetic variation and a particular identifiable phenotype/trait. When patterns change such as DNA methylation at specific loci,
Epigenome-wide association study
Epigenome-wide_association_study
used in a method to accurately identify characteristics of genes and phenotypes and narrow down their relevance and is usually described in its pairing
Minimum redundancy feature selection
Minimum_redundancy_feature_selection
Sequencing of all the exons of a genome
financial factors. Two such technologies are microarrays and whole-genome sequencing.[citation needed] Microarrays use hybridization probes to test the prevalence
Exome_sequencing
exhibit favorable kinetics during an assay. Similar to flat microarrays (e.g. DNA microarray), an appropriate receptor molecule, such as DNA oligonucleotide
Suspension_array_technology
Medical condition
"Insights into the molecular mechanisms of methylmalonic acidemia using microarray technology". International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Methylmalonic_acidemias
selective growth conditions. High-throughput versions of STM use genomic microarrays, which are less accurate and have a lower dynamic range than massively-parallel
Transposon_sequencing
Branch of biology that studies biological systems at the molecular level
membrane are probed for modifications using specific substrates. A DNA microarray is a collection of spots attached to a solid support such as a microscope
Molecular_biology
Medical condition
initial diagnosis, although it may also be made by microarray analysis. Increasingly, microarray analysis is also being used to clarify breakpoints.
Ring_chromosome_18
Enzyme
contribute to the blondism phenotype in Melanesians. Alterations of the Tyrp1 gene is responsible for some of the differing phenotypes of skin and coat appearance
TYRP1
Genetic disorder
calcium level homeostasis. No molecular cause was found, but an expanded microarray analysis of the patient found a 225.5 kb deletion on chromosome 11p between
Primrose_syndrome
American pathologist (died 2021)
group used human UniGenes to design and construct the first human cDNA microarray (representing 10,000 genes)[citation needed]. Boguski's group was also
Mark_Boguski
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the hair shaft. Mutations in melanophilin cause the "dilute" coat color phenotype in dogs and cats. Variation in this gene appears to have been a target
Melanophilin
Genomic loci that explain variation in gene expression levels
yeast and published in 2002. The initial wave of eQTL studies employed microarrays to measure genome-wide gene expression; more recent studies have employed
Expression quantitative trait loci
Expression_quantitative_trait_loci
Database of biological information
information from research areas including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microarray gene expression, and phylogenetics. Information contained in biological
Biological_database
Species of fungus
individual chromosomes. These karyotypic alterations lead to changes in the phenotype, which is an adaptation strategy of this fungus. These mechanisms are
Candida_albicans
Technology for screening small molecule compounds
using a fluorescent primer and hybridized onto the DNA-microarray slide. Afterwards, microarrays are analyzed using a laser scan and spot intensities detected
DNA-encoded_chemical_library
Gene considered likely to be involved in a condition
between genetic variation within pre-specified genes of interest, and phenotypes or disease states. This is in contrast to genome-wide association studies
Candidate_gene
Medical condition
used to identify sequence variants within the gene, while chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) is used to detect whole-gene or larger deletions. As of
CHAMP1-related neurodevelopmental disorder
CHAMP1-related_neurodevelopmental_disorder
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP10) revealed following comparative microarray analysis of transcripts derived from retinas of wild-type and Rho(-/-)
IMPDH1
Collection of techniques used to analyze biological markers in the genome and proteome
The detection of the marker might use real time PCR, direct sequencing, microarray chips—prefabricated chips that test many markers at once, or MALDI-TOF
Molecular_diagnostics
Rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of six genes
known as C17orf69 or FLJ25168) Diagnosis is established with a chromosome microarray analysis. The symptoms of Koolen–de Vries syndrome can be very variable
Koolen–De_Vries_syndrome
insight into the structure and function of genetic pathways. Examining the phenotypes resulting from pairs of mutations helps in understanding how the function
Epistasis and functional genomics
Epistasis_and_functional_genomics
Nucleosome positioning region database Generic gene expression databases Microarray gene expression databases These databases collect genome sequences, annotate
List_of_biological_databases
Application of statistical techniques to biological systems
(2003). Statistical Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray Data. Wiley-Blackwell. Terry Speed (2003). Microarray Gene Expression Data Analysis: A Beginner's
Biostatistics
Rare genetic disorder
intellectual disability. Genetic testing typically begins with chromosomal microarray analysis using SNP array or oligonucleotide. If that is nondiagnostic
O'Donnell-Luria–Rodan syndrome
O'Donnell-Luria–Rodan_syndrome
Genetic disorder characterized by developmental delay and autistic features
individual with intellectual disability typically begins with chromosomal microarray analysis. If this is not diagnostic, the next step is typically either
ADNP_syndrome
standard Gene expression techniques, or surveyed using SAGE. Lastly, a DNA microarray measurement can be taken, to determine the frequency of each gene; this
Biomarker_discovery
Protein found in humans
cells. The basis for this phenotype was first reported by Telen et al. The phenotype is Ge:-2,-3,-4. The Yussef (Yus) phenotype is due to a 57 base pair
Glycophorin_C
Laboratory process
such process, making the process laborious and costly. The newer DNA microarrays are designed to do many similar reactions on DNA at the same time, using
Blood_group_genotyping
Protein found in humans
Steingrimsson E (2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21 (6): 665–676. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X
Presenilin-2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
colorectal cancer using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry and protein microarray". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 20 (10): 2195–203. doi:10
Perilipin-2
Loose connective tissue composed mostly by adipocytes
that some of the adipocytes switched to a beige phenotype at 6 °C. Mössenböck et al. also used microarray analysis to demonstrate that insulin deficiency
Adipose_tissue
depending whether it is measured by ELISA or by microarray (CBA). The proper way to identify it is by microarray, reacting patient serum with living cells,
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
Myelin_oligodendrocyte_glycoprotein
Aspect of molecular biology
attached to the complex, the processes of ribosome display skips the microarray/peptide bead/multiple-well sequence separation that is common in assays
Ribosome_display
Medical condition
presents as a spectrum ranging from mild to severe features. A genotype–phenotype correlation exists across the L1 spectrum: the specific genetic variant
L1_syndrome
Use of DNA methylation patterns to predict phenotypes
phenotypic traits in individuals and populations to be able to predict a phenotype from a DNA methylation profile. In the following sections, the background
Epiphenotyping
American bioinformatician
focus began to shift to post-genomic applications, with an emphasis on microarray analysis. Using a combination of laboratory and computational approaches
John_Quackenbush
RNA species present outside of the cells in which they were transcribed
characterize, and quantify exRNA from biological samples. RT-PCR, cDNA microarrays, and RNA sequencing are common techniques for RNA analysis. Applying
Extracellular_RNA
Medical condition
reference DNA samples with fluorescent dyes and hybridizing them onto microarray slides containing genomic sequences. The DNA fragments analyzed typically
Kleefstra_syndrome
Relevance of genotype to race classification
heritable changes in phenotype (appearance) or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the DNA sequence. Human phenotypes are highly polygenic
Race_and_genetics
Expression of genes depending on parentage
hybridized to gene expression profiling microarrays, allele-specific gene expression using SNP genotyping microarrays, transcriptome sequencing, and in silico
Genomic_imprinting
Medical condition
and children with syndromic brain malformations in which chromosomal microarray analysis was previously unremarkable." Fryns–Aftimos syndrome has an autosomal
Fryns–Aftimos_syndrome
Rare genetic disorder
syndrome is suspected, genetic testing typically includes chromosomal microarray analysis using SNP array or oligonucleotide—able to detect 1q42 microdeletions
Skraban–Deardorff_syndrome
determine presence of a particular RNA sequence in a sample. Although DNA Microarrays and newer next-generation techniques have generally supplanted reverse
Reverse_northern_blot
including asthma and low invasive breast cancers as found in various microarray experiments. DNA methylation in TMEM238 was identified as a mediator in
TMEM238
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Kranich J, Krautler NJ (2014). "Follicular dendritic cells: origin, phenotype, and function in health and disease". Trends in Immunology. 35 (3): 105–113
MFGE8
Individual differences in genomic DNA
detect owing to their small size. The first study in 2004 that used DNA microarrays could detect tens of genetic loci that exhibited copy number variation
Structural_variation
restriction enzyme – sequencing – shotgun sequencing – cloning – culture – DNA microarray – electrophoresis – protein tag – affinity chromatography – x-ray diffraction
Outline_of_biology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Steingrimsson E (Dec 2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j
Endothelin_receptor_type_B
Marcotte, E. M. (2006). "Systematic profiling of cellular phenotypes with spotted cell microarrays reveals new pheromone response genes". Genome Biology.
Edward_Marcotte
Gene expression profiling to query cancer genetics
and their relative expression can be evaluated. Techniques include DNA microarray technology or sequenced-based techniques such as serial analysis of gene
Gene expression profiling in cancer
Gene_expression_profiling_in_cancer
Jewish diaspora of Central Europe
fourth or fifth cousins. A 2010 study by Bray and co-authors, using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis, found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian
Ashkenazi_Jews
Biological database
annotation to include pathogen–host interaction phenotypes, gene-for-gene phenotypes, pathogen and host phenotypes observed in vitro, physical interactions and
PHI-base
American physician and academic (1950–2025)
Schrijver, Iris; Oitmaa, Eneli; Gardner, Phyllis (2005), "Genotyping Microarray for the Detection of More Than 200 CFTR Mutations in Ethnically Diverse
Phyllis Gardner (clinical pharmacologist)
Phyllis_Gardner_(clinical_pharmacologist)
Computational analysis of large, complex sets of biological data
used to determine the genes implicated in a disorder: one might compare microarray data from cancerous epithelial cells to data from non-cancerous cells
Bioinformatics
Measure of the completeness of DNA sequencing
PMC 4940094. PMID 27338792. Malone, John H.; Oliver, Brian (2011-01-01). "Microarrays, deep sequencing and the true measure of the transcriptome". BMC Biology
Coverage_(genetics)
DNA locus associated with variation in a quantitative trait
selectively breeding laboratory populations of rats to obtain a hooded phenotype over several generations. Castle's was perhaps the first attempt made
Quantitative_trait_locus
Cell death resulting from a deficiency of or interaction between in two or more genes
death, although the effect of that mutation could result in a differing phenotype (slow growth for example), and then systematically test other mutations
Synthetic_lethality
Metafemale Metamale Metamere Metaphase Metaphase plate Metastasis Methylation Microarray Microbial genetics Microinjection Micronuclei Microsatellite Microtubules
Index_of_genetics_articles
Lacroix, M; Zammatteo N; Remacle J; Leclercq G. (2002). "A low-density DNA microarray for analysis of markers in breast cancer". International Journal of Biological
Marc_Lacroix_(biochemist)
Protein found in humans
1186/1471-2407-1-17. PMC 59693. PMID 11707154. Jun AS, Liu SH, Koo EH, et al. (2001). "Microarray analysis of gene expression in human donor corneas". Arch. Ophthalmol
Collagen,_type_XI,_alpha_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Lee NH (Mar 2005). "Iterative microarray and RNA interference-based interrogation of the SRC-induced invasive phenotype". Cancer Research. 65 (5): 1814–21
PGRMC1
Protein that initiates male sex determination in therian mammals
such as microarray screening of the genital ridge genes at varying developmental stages, mutagenesis screens in mice for sex-reversal phenotypes, and identifying
Sex-determining region Y protein
Sex-determining_region_Y_protein
Glycomics research initiative
synthesizes glycans for and prints the CFG glycan array (see Core H below) Gene Microarray Core (E), located at The Scripps Research Institute, screens RNA samples
Consortium for Functional Glycomics
Consortium_for_Functional_Glycomics
Cancer scientist accused of misconduct and fraud
Potti and his team were accused of falsifying data regarding the use of microarray genetic analysis for personalised cancer treatment, which was published
Anil_Potti
Rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium
identified strains much faster than culture and sensitivity testing. Microarray-based platforms can identify specific pathogenic strains of E. coli and
Escherichia_coli
discovered in a screen for genes whose overexpression would suppress the phenotypes of PKC1 pathway mutations (thus named Bypass of C Kinase). Though its
BCK2
Neurodevelopmental disorder
involves genetic testing, such as whole-exome sequencing or chromosomal microarray analysis, to identify pathogenic variants or deletions in the USP7 gene
Hao–Fountain_syndrome
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PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY
PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY
PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY
PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY
PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY
PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY
PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY
PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY
PHENOTYPE MICROARRAY
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