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The poultry microbiome is an understudied, yet extremely impactful part of the poultry industry. Poultry is defined as any avian species used for production
Poultry_microbiome
Microbial community assemblage and activity
A microbiome (from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós) 'small' and βίος (bíos) 'life') is the community of microorganisms that can usually be found living together
Microbiome
Microorganisms in or on human skin and biofluids
The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites
Human_microbiome
Biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system
released by the gut microbiome can influence brain development, starting from birth. A review from 2015 states that the gut microbiome influences the CNS
Gut–brain_axis
Cannibalism in poultry is the act of one individual of a poultry species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. It occurs
Cannibalism_in_poultry
Assembly of microorganisms near plants
The plant microbiome, also known as the phytomicrobiome, plays roles in plant health and productivity and has received significant attention in recent
Plant_microbiome
Community of microorganisms found in or around specific marine environments
interactions between the animal host and a more multi-member microbiome. The potential for microbiomes to influence the health, physiology, behavior, and ecology
Marine_microbiome
Community of microorganisms found in or around sponges
Sponge microbiomes are diverse communities of microorganisms in symbiotic association with marine sponges as their hosts. These microorganisms include
Sponge_microbiomes
Community of microorganisms
microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or else the microbes themselves. The microbiome
Microbiota
Marine community of plankton and microbes
A phytoplankton microbiome is the community of microorganisms—mainly bacteria, but also including fungi and viruses—that live in association with phytoplankton
Phytoplankton_microbiome
Plant surfaces as habitats for microorganisms
and indirectly influence microbiome composition. Rain and wind also cause temporal variations in the phyllosphere microbiome. The phyllosphere includes
Phyllosphere
Multi-cellular organisms that have no microorganisms living in or on them
possible contamination to ensure complete sterility. As with poultry, a known microbiome can be introduced into the animals but contamination is still
Germ-free_animal
Group of communities of microorganisms that reside within whales
The cetacean microbiome is the group of communities of microorganisms that reside within whales. Microbiomes play an important role in individual health
Cetacean_microbiome
Host and associated species living as a discrete ecological unit
since the original formulations. Holobionts include the host, virome, microbiome, and any other organisms which contribute in some way to the functioning
Holobiont
Fungal community in and on an organism
The mycobiome, mycobiota, or fungal microbiome, is the fungal community in and on an organism. The word "mycobiome" comes from the ancient Greek μύκης
Mycobiome
Total collection of viruses in and on the human body
frequently. Unlike the roughly 40 trillion bacteria in a typical human microbiome, an estimate of the number of viral particles in a healthy adult human
Human_virome
chickens (Salmonella] Campylobacter'), poultry health in developing countries and the chicken intestinal microbiome. He joined the University of Bristol
Paul_Wigley
Chicken bred for meat
hdl:10261/61328. PMID 19004491. "Poultry Industry Frequently Asked Questions Provided by the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association" (PDF). U.S. Poultry & Egg Association.
Broiler
Microbe community of plant roots
The root microbiome (also called rhizosphere microbiome) is the dynamic community of microorganisms associated with plant roots. Because they are rich
Root_microbiome
French culinary dish
doubled the bird's ad libitum food consumption. Alternatively, human microbiome studies on obesity led French researchers at Aviwell develop a probiotic
Foie_gras
Microorganisms living in the fruit fly
comprehensive toolkit available for research in Drosophila, analysis of its microbiome could enhance our understanding of similar processes in other types of
Microbiome in the Drosophila gut
Microbiome_in_the_Drosophila_gut
Species of bacterium
jejuni is a species of pathogenic bacteria that is commonly associated with poultry, and is also often found in animal feces. This species of microbe is one
Campylobacter_jejuni
Endosymbiotic bacterium or fungus
considered for their role in plant growth promotion as part of the core microbiome of a plant. Endophytes were first described by the German botanist Johann
Endophyte
Scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites
on Microbiomes Plant microbiomes Endosphere Phyllosphere Rhizosphere laimosphere root microbiome soil microbiome spermosphere Marine microbiomes Cetacean
Metabolomics
Genus of gram-negative bacteria
animal origin. Its numbers can be very high in some foods, such as raw poultry. Due to their diverse natural reservoir, some Campylobacter can also be
Campylobacter
Region of soil or substrate comprising the root microbiome
root secretions and associated soil microorganisms known as the root microbiome. Soil pores in the rhizosphere can contain many bacteria and other microorganisms
Rhizosphere
Microscale mucus region that is rich in organic matter surrounding a phytoplankton cel
to feed on these nutrients. This high nutrient environment creates a microbiome and a diverse food web for microbes such as bacteria and protists. It
Phycosphere
Group of bacteria affecting plant growth
faeces bacteria. endophyte endosymbiont symbiogenesis microbiota plant microbiome actinorrhiza Mycorrhiza Arbuscular mycorrhiza Common symbiosis signaling
Rhizobacteria
Medical condition caused by receiving too little or too many nutrients
and swallowing problems, sensory decline, depression, imbalanced gut microbiome, poverty and loneliness are major contributors to undernutrition in the
Malnutrition
Species of honey bee
members. Honey bees acquire their microbiome socially. Beginning in the larval stage, honey bees lack a gut microbiome, though they may acquire some species
Western_honey_bee
Species of bacterium
inserted into the vagina as a probiotic that can help maintain a healthy microbiome. Studies have shown that L. crispastus CTV-05 effectively colonized the
Lactobacillus_crispatus
Collection of viruses in an organism or ecosystem
viruses and their potential health impacts. Global Virome Project Human microbiome Mangrove virome Virosphere Anderson NG, Gerin JL, Anderson NL (July 2003)
Virome
Selective breeding of plants and animals to serve humans
in turn enable further changes such as by chromosomal crossover. The microbiome, the collection of microorganisms inhabiting the surface and internal
Domestication
Genus of bacteria
human health and disease. Most exist as commensally as parts of the human microbiome, for example in the mouth, skin, intestine, and upper respiratory tract
Streptococcus
Biological analysis approach
genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, exposome, and microbiome (i.e., a meta-genome and/or meta-transcriptome, depending upon how it
Multiomics
Opportunities and Challenges to Microbial Symbiosis Research in the Microbiome Era. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01150. Material
Marine_microbial_symbiosis
First documented patient in the population of an epidemiological investigation
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Index_case
Disease outbreak
to the microbiome of the East Coast of the United States, where there are far less soil bacteria that destroy Salmonella versus the microbiome of the
2012_outbreak_of_Salmonella
Sébastien (2018). "Skin microbiome of coral reef fish is highly variable and driven by host phylogeny and diet". Microbiome. 6 (1): 147. Bibcode:2018Micb
Marine_holobiont
Diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods
Preliminary studies indicate that a plant-based diet may improve the gut microbiome. A 2022 review of prospective cohort studies showed that vegetarian diets
Plant-based_diet
Food for various animals
example, increased corn or other grain in feed for cows, makes their microbiomes more acidic weakening their immune systems and making cows a more likely
Animal_feed
Species of moth
However, it has been found in almond orchards among plant detritus and poultry farms among chicken manure. P. farinalis is a species that is well adapted
Pyralis_farinalis
Region of soil surrounding a germinating seed
interactions take place among the germinating seed, the soil, and the microbiome. Because germination is a brief process, the spermosphere is transient
Spermosphere
Infection by Campylobacter bacteria
undercooked or poorly handled poultry), and waterborne (i.e., through contaminated drinking water). Contact with contaminated poultry, livestock, or household
Campylobacteriosis
Common and widespread fly of the family Stratiomyidae
"Plastics shape the black soldier fly larvae gut microbiome and select for biodegrading functions". Microbiome. 11 (1): 205. Bibcode:2023Micb...11..205D. doi:10
Hermetia_illucens
Infection that develops from a pre-existing condition
treated with immunosuppressive drugs (as in cancer treatment), when a microbiome is altered (such as a disruption in gut microbiota), or when integumentary
Opportunistic_infection
Genus of bacteria
and exploratory caecal microbiome investigation reveals key factors linked to poultry necrotic enteritis". Animal Microbiome. 1 (1): 12. doi:10.1186/s42523-019-0015-1
Clostridium
research on plant microbiomes have dramatically furthered knowledge on ecological functions and key roles of the plant microbiome in supporting plant
Plant_holobiont
Infectious disease readily spread by pathogen transmission
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Contagious_disease
Phosphorus containing fertiliser
except by weathering and through the action of bacterial and the soil microbiome. The advantage of superphosphate fertilisers is that a significant proportion
Superphosphate
Occurs when a reservoir population causes an epidemic in a novel host population
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Spillover_infection
Species of bacterium
(2019-10-08). "Bacillus strains as human probiotics: characterization, safety, microbiome, and probiotic carrier". Food Science and Biotechnology. 28 (5): 1297–1305
Bacillus_licheniformis
Population or environment in which a pathogen naturally lives and reproduces
for the emergence of drug-resistant infections. As a result, the human microbiome plays an important role in shaping transmission dynamics, particularly
Natural_reservoir
Optimizing use of antimicrobials
additional unintended consequences, such as disruption to the normal microbiome (i.e., dysbiosis) as well as direct toxic effects on people and animals
Antimicrobial_stewardship
Parasitic disease caused by a protozoan
transporters involved in the diseases and finding the link between a person's microbiome and their ability to resist a protozoan infection Parasitic infection
Protozoan_infection
Use of antibiotics for any purpose in the husbandry of livestock
Wright, GD (2012). "Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome". PLOS ONE. 7 (4) e34953. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...734953B. doi:10.1371/journal
Antibiotic_use_in_livestock
Concentration of water vapour in the air
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Humidity
Species of bacterium
containing L. reuteri. L. reuteri and other probiotics may influence the gut microbiome in ways that protect against bone loss, common in post-menopausal women
Limosilactobacillus_reuteri
Infection transmitted through human sexual behavior
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Sexually transmitted infection
Sexually_transmitted_infection
Legume grown for its edible bean
daidzein microbial metabolism is equol. Only 33% of Western Europeans have a microbiome that produces equol, compared to 50–55% of Asians. Soy isoflavones—polyphenolic
Soybean
Genus of bacteria
Rogers AW, Tsolis RM, Bäumler AJ (2021-02-17). "Salmonella versus the Microbiome". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 85 (1) e00027-19. doi:10
Salmonella
Scientific discipline
meat, poultry and processed egg establishments. FSIS is charged with administering and enforcing the Federal Meat Inspection Act, the Poultry Products
Food_safety
Model concept in transmission of infectious disease
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Secondary_attack_rate
Bacterium responsible for difficult-to-treat infections in humans
1002/1873-3468.12455. PMC 7164007. PMID 27730630. Wollina U (2017). "Microbiome in atopic dermatitis". Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus
Chance over time of a medical condition
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Incidence_(epidemiology)
System for agricultural productivity
and plant material. The increase of biomass from roots and the soil's microbiome leads to an increase in the organic matter content of the soil. Increasing
Climate-smart_agriculture
Disease transmission via pathogens from fecal particles
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Fecal–oral_route
Strains of E. coli that can cause disease
high-income countries, where they constitute a part of the healthy gut microbiome. Exposure to colibactin in the gut can cause cellular senescence or DNA
Pathogenic_Escherichia_coli
Illness from eating spoiled or contaminated food
spp. – its S. typhimurium infection is caused by consumption of eggs or poultry that are not adequately cooked or by other interactive human-animal pathogens
Foodborne_illness
Species of bird
Gallery, R. E., & Arnold, A. E. (2019). Age-related variation in the oral microbiome of urban Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii). BMC microbiology, 19(1)
Cooper's_hawk
Species of insect
Drautz-Moses DI, Premkrishnan BN, Costea PI, et al. (November 2017). "The microbiomes of blowflies and houseflies as bacterial transmission reservoirs". Scientific
Housefly
Disease which is constantly present in an area
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Endemic_(epidemiology)
Number of disease cases in a given population at a specific time
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Prevalence
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
bioenergetic failure of immune cells seen in sepsis. They also alter the microbiome of the gut, lungs, and skin, which may be associated with adverse effects
Antibiotic
Term in epidemiology
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Hyperendemic
French multinational food corporation
his outstanding contribution to scientific research on the human gut microbiome, diet and nutritional status. 2009 Johan Auwerx, École Polytechnique Fédérale
Danone
Time interval between infection by a pathogen and the individual becoming infectious
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Latent_period_(epidemiology)
Activation or suppression of the immune system to treat disease
specific Antigen-specific Low dose IL-2 to expand regulatory T cells Microbiome manipulation Antigen specific Peptide therapy Subcutaneous, intradermal
Immunotherapy
Efforts to reduce the risk of suicide
Blood glucose levels alterations, inflammation, or effects on the gut microbiome have been suggested. More information about food (e.g. oily fish with
Suicide_prevention
Sudden increase in occurrences of a disease
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Disease_outbreak
Time between infection and the onset of disease symptoms
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Incubation_period
Medical condition
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Tick-borne_disease
Medical condition
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Blood-borne_disease
Virus that infects bacteria
countless phage particles in the human body, given the extensive human microbiome. One's phage population has been called the human phageome, including
Bacteriophage
Organism which has become infected with a pathogen but displays no symptoms
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Asymptomatic_carrier
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Infectious disease on cruise ships
Infectious_disease_on_cruise_ships
Period when an infection is not yet detectable for a given test
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Window_period
Measure of the chance or risk of a population contracting an infectious disease
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Infection_rate
Placeholder infectious disease name from the World Health Organization
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Disease_X
Act of cleaning one's hands
eating and before/after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry. When neither hand washing nor using hand sanitizer is possible, hands
Hand_washing
Carla; Ghoreshizadeh, Seyedehtannaz; Coque, Juan (2022). "The Grapevine Microbiome to the Rescue: Implications for the Biocontrol of Trunk Diseases". Plants
Agriculture_in_California
Food for consumption by cats
optimal cellular health (especially in the gut) and to maintain a healthy microbiome, proper nutrition is necessary (nutrition is multifactorial and complex)
Cat_food
Overview of the events of 2023 in science
thousands of quantum computing microchips." Two studies show how the microbiome can drive and interact with chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). 3D printing-like
January–March_2023_in_science
Film of microorganisms on a surface
in natural, industrial, and hospital settings. They may constitute a microbiome or be a portion of it. The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically
Biofilm
Non-living object capable of carrying infectious agents
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Fomite
Essential nutrient
allergens, and tolerance of resident bacteria and other organisms in the microbiome of the large intestine. In a vitamin A deficient state, innate immunity
Vitamin_A
Bacteria resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Multidrug-resistant_bacteria
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Sapronosis
Time of transmission of an infectious disease
response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Immunopathology Cytokine storm Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual
Serial_interval
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
1002/1873-3468.12455. PMC 7164007. PMID 27730630. Wollina U (2017). "Microbiome in atopic dermatitis". Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
Staphylococcus_aureus
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POULTRY MICROBIOME
POULTRY MICROBIOME
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sindhi, Tamil
Poetry
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly West Country)
English (chiefly West Country) : patronymic from Laver.German : unexplained.French : nickname for someone living at a house with a spiral staircase, Old French lavis.
Surname or Lastname
English (West Country)
English (West Country) : spelling variant of Chappell.
Surname or Lastname
English (West Country)
English (West Country) : topographic name for someone who lived in a low-lying marshy area, from Old English fenn ‘marsh’, ‘bog’, reflecting the voicing of f that was characteristic of southwestern dialects of Middle English.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly West Country)
English (chiefly West Country) : occupational name for a weaver, early Middle English webber, agent derivative of Webb.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Weber.
Surname or Lastname
English (West Country)
English (West Country) : of uncertain origin, perhaps a habitational name from an unidentified place named in Old English with scÄ«te ‘shit’, ‘dung’ + mÅr ‘moor’, ‘fen’.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Country
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name from Old French po(u)letier ‘poultry dealer or breeder’ (an agent derivative of poule ‘chicken’).
Boy/Male
Tamil
Country
Boy/Male
Tamil
Country
Girl/Female
Norse Dutch German
Poetry.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Bengali, Indian, Modern
Poetry
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly West Country)
English (chiefly West Country) : variant of Cannon ‘canon’, taken from the central French form chanun, as opposed to Norman canun.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the various places, for example in Cheshire, Gloucestershire, Kent, and Lancashire, so named from Old English pÅl ‘pool’ + tÅ«n ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Poetry
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Galtry, a Yorkshire surname of unexplained derivation.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Country
Boy/Male
Hindu
Country
Boy/Male
Indian, Sikh
Country
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Poetry
POULTRY MICROBIOME
POULTRY MICROBIOME
POULTRY MICROBIOME
POULTRY MICROBIOME
POULTRY MICROBIOME
POULTRY MICROBIOME
POULTRY MICROBIOME
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