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Ion control scheme
Quantum logic spectroscopy (QLS) is an ion control scheme that maps quantum information between two co-trapped ion species. Quantum logic operations allow
Quantum_logic_spectroscopy
Study involving matter and electromagnetic radiation
liquids and bio-molecules. Quantum logic spectroscopy is a general technique used in ion traps that enables precision spectroscopy of ions with internal structures
Spectroscopy
Type of clock with laser-cooled single ions
international standard. The quantum logic clock is based on an aluminium spectroscopy ion with a logic atom. Both the aluminum-based quantum clock and the mercury-based
Quantum_logic_clock
Physics phenomenon
Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon in which the quantum state of each particle in a group cannot be described independently of the state of the others
Quantum_entanglement
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
A quantum computer is a computer that represents and processes information using quantum states. Quantum computations exploit phenomena such as superposition
Quantum_computing
Topics referred to by the same term
known as quasi-elastic light scattering, a technique in physics Quantum logic spectroscopy, an ion control scheme Questlove Supreme, podcast This disambiguation
QLS
Notation for conserved quantities in physics and chemistry
eigenfunction equation in 1926, the concept behind quantum numbers developed based on atomic spectroscopy and theories from classical mechanics with extra
Quantum_number
timeline of quantum computing and communication. Erwin Schrödinger publishes a theorem setting the basis for quantum steering and the limits of quantum state
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Sub-field of quantum physics and optics
the demonstration of quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, and quantum logic gates. The latter are of much interest in quantum information theory
Quantum_optics
Quantum mechanical phenomenon
In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or
Quantum_tunnelling
Different states of quantum systems
A quantum mechanical system or particle that is bound—that is, confined spatially—can only take on certain discrete values of energy, called energy levels
Energy_level
Israeli physicist
200, p. 519, 1993. AC conductance of an interacting quantum dot: single electron level spectroscopy, J. of Physics Condensed Matter 5, p. L175, 1993. Mesoscopic
Michael_Abraham_(rabbi)
Quantum mechanics taking into account particles near or at the speed of light
In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré-covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM). This theory is applicable to massive
Relativistic quantum mechanics
Relativistic_quantum_mechanics
Theory of a quantum origin of consciousness
originates at the quantum level inside neurons (rather than being a product of neural connections). The mechanism is held to be a quantum process called
Orchestrated objective reduction
Orchestrated_objective_reduction
Branch of physics seeking to explain chaotic dynamical systems in terms of quantum theory
scattering). In the semiclassical approach of quantum chaos, phenomena are identified in spectroscopy by analyzing the statistical distribution of spectral
Quantum_chaos
South Korean-born American chemist and physicist
et al., "Nuclear magnetic resonance detection and spectroscopy of single proteins using quantum logic," Science **351** (2016): 836–841. Y. Zhou, J. Sung
Hongkun_Park
Molecule that performs a logical operation
The logic gate operates as follows: without any chemical input of Ca2+ or H+, the chromophore shows a maximum absorbance in UV/VIS spectroscopy at 390
Molecular_logic_gate
Involutive change of basis in linear algebra
algorithm. In the quantum domain, the Hadamard transform can be computed in O ( 1 ) {\displaystyle O(1)} time, as it is a quantum logic gate that can be
Hadamard_transform
Study of matter-light interactions at small scales
processes, and spectroscopy. Lasers and laser spectroscopy have transformed optical science. Major study in optical physics is also devoted to quantum optics
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Atomic,_molecular,_and_optical_physics
Type of atomic clock
transferred to this co-trapped atom. This technique is known as quantum logic spectroscopy. Clocks using neutral and ionized atoms form the bases for state-of-the-art
Optical_clock
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic
Loop_quantum_gravity
In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field
History of quantum field theory
History_of_quantum_field_theory
American physicist
in spectroscopy, atomic clocks and quantum information. In 1995 he created the first single atom quantum logic gate and was the first to quantum teleport
David_J._Wineland
enables high-contrast readout. In more complex protocols, such as quantum logic spectroscopy, laser fields couple different species of ions via shared motional
Optical_manipulation_of_atoms
Academic fields of study or professions
Imperative programming Logic programming Object-oriented programming Program semantics Type theory Quantum computing Quantum information Software engineering
Outline of academic disciplines
Outline_of_academic_disciplines
Electromagnetic radiation humans can see
the demonstration of quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, and quantum logic gates. The latter are of much interest in quantum information theory
Light
Spectroscopic technique
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy or surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a surface-sensitive technique that enhances Raman scattering by molecules
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Surface-enhanced_Raman_spectroscopy
Proposed spin-based quantum computer implementation
a variation of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR differs from other implementations of quantum computers in that it uses an ensemble of systems
Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_quantum_computer
Quantum mechanics principle
In quantum mechanics, the Pauli exclusion principle states that two or more identical particles with half-integer spins (i.e., fermions) cannot simultaneously
Pauli_exclusion_principle
Foundational principle in quantum physics
basic result in quantum mechanics, typical experiments in quantum mechanics routinely observe aspects of it. All forms of spectroscopy, including particle
Uncertainty_principle
Jacoboni, C.; Reggiani, S. (19 June 2000). "Quantum Logic Gates based on Coherent Electron Transport in Quantum Wires". Physical Review Letters. 84 (25):
List of proposed quantum registers
List_of_proposed_quantum_registers
The timeline of quantum mechanics is a list of key events in the history of quantum mechanics, quantum field theories and quantum chemistry. The initiation
Timeline_of_quantum_mechanics
Simulators of quantum mechanical systems
Quantum simulators permit the study of a quantum system in a programmable fashion. In this instance, simulators are special purpose devices designed to
Quantum_simulator
French physicist, Nobel laureate (born 1944)
manipulation of individual quantum systems", a study of the particle of light, the photon. This and his other works developed laser spectroscopy. Since 2001, Haroche
Serge_Haroche
Study of the relations between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics
Quantum thermodynamics is the study of the relations between two independent physical theories: thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. The two independent
Quantum_thermodynamics
Point defect in diamonds
phenomena. Its atomic size and spin properties can form the basis for useful quantum sensors. NV centers enable nanoscale measurements of magnetic and electric
Nitrogen-vacancy_center
Formula for spectral line wavelengths in alkali metals
then theoretically by Niels Bohr in 1913, who used a primitive form of quantum mechanics. The formula directly generalizes the equations used to calculate
Rydberg_formula
Technology with features near one nanometer
(nm). At this scale, commonly known as the nanoscale, surface area and quantum mechanical effects become important in describing the properties of matter
Nanotechnology
Pictorial computational technique in quantum chemistry
In quantum mechanics and its applications to quantum many-particle systems, notably quantum chemistry, angular momentum diagrams, or more accurately from
Angular momentum diagrams (quantum mechanics)
Angular_momentum_diagrams_(quantum_mechanics)
1922 physical experiment demonstrating that atomic spin is quantized
resonance spectroscopy. By tuning the frequency of the oscillator to the frequency of the nuclear precessions they could selectively tune into each quantum level
Stern–Gerlach_experiment
Indian experimental physicist (1941–2024)
in solution by NMR spectroscopy. Anil also has major contributions in the field of NMR Quantum Information Processing and NMR quantum computing. He with
Anil_Kumar_(physicist)
Problem in physics and quantum mechanics
structure, nuclear reactions, nuclear matter) Quantum chromodynamics (Lattice QCD, hadron spectroscopy, QCD matter, quark–gluon plasma) Mean-field theory
Many-body_problem
Linear combination of Slater determinants
Approach. Engel, T. (2006). Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy. Pearson PLC. ISBN 0-8053-3842-X. Pilar, F. L. (1990). Elementary Quantum Chemistry (2nd ed.).
Configuration_state_function
Indian theoretical physicist (1894–1974)
theoretical physicist and mathematician. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein
Satyendra_Nath_Bose
Time after an event when a detector can't record another event
detector), of the analog front end (for example the shaping time of a spectroscopy amplifier) and of the data acquisition (the conversion time of the analog-to-digital
Dead_time
Formulation of quantum mechanics
Matrix mechanics is a formulation of quantum mechanics created by Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan in 1925. It was the first conceptually
Matrix_mechanics
Quantum mechanical state change
the emission of a single photon with frequency and time resolved spectroscopy". Quantum. 5 474. arXiv:2001.09737. Bibcode:2021Quant...5..474S. doi:10
Spontaneous_emission
Hamiltonian operator for molecules
In atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry, the molecular Hamiltonian is the Hamiltonian operator representing the energy of the
Molecular_Hamiltonian
Conceptual opposite of an electron
leaves a hole in its old state. This meaning is used in Auger electron spectroscopy (and other x-ray techniques), in computational chemistry, and to explain
Electron_hole
American theoretical physicist (1918–1988)
Julian Schwinger and Shin'ichirō Tomonaga "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics (QED), with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics
Richard_Feynman
Work by Henri Poincaré
mathematical sciences, and particularly, the relationship between intuition and logic in mathematics. It first examines which parts of science correspond to each
The_Value_of_Science
Public dispute between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz (beginning 1699)
timeline Metamaterials Mechanics timeline Variational principles Optics Spectroscopy Thermodynamics timeline Energy Entropy Perpetual motion Classical crystallography
Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy
Leibniz–Newton_calculus_controversy
Mathematical approach to quantum physics
r=|x-x'|} . Rabi cycle – Quantum mechanical phenomenon Fermi's golden rule – Transition rate formula Muon spin spectroscopy – Experimental technique in
Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
Perturbation_theory_(quantum_mechanics)
Algorithm in quantum information theory
cooling can be applied to in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quantum error correction is a quantum algorithm for protection from errors. The algorithm
Algorithmic_cooling
Physical structures important for trapped ions
Itano, W. M.; Bergquist, J. C.; Wineland, D. J. (2005-07-29). "Spectroscopy Using Quantum Logic". Science. 309 (5735): 749–752. doi:10.1126/science.1114375
Coulomb_crystal
American physicist
Studies of Single Quantum Dots", Physics Today, October 2002 "Quantum logic gate lights up", Physics World, August 8, 2003 "Quantum Information Processing
Duncan_G._Steel
Form of particle interferometry
precision atomic measurements, such as modern atom interferometers and quantum logic gates, have a Ramsey-type configuration. A more modern method, known
Ramsey_interferometry
Series of public disputes between physicists Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein
The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered
Bohr–Einstein_debates
demonstration of quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, and (recently, in 1995) quantum logic gates. The latter are of much interest in quantum information
History_of_optics
Range of physical processes in physics
subatomic particles (e.g. Ernest Rutherford in 1911) and the development of quantum theory in the 20th century, the sense of the term became broader as it
Scattering
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
X-rays in energy dispersive spectroscopy which can produce information about chemical content at the nanoscale. Quantum tunneling explains how electrons
Matter_wave
matter topics were considered as part of physics since the development of quantum mechanics and microscopic theories of matter. According to Philip W. Anderson
Timeline of condensed matter physics
Timeline_of_condensed_matter_physics
Overview of and topical guide to electronics
Combinational logic Counters (digital) De Morgan's laws Digital circuit Formal verification Karnaugh maps Logic families Logic gate Logic minimization Logic simulation
Outline_of_electronics
Historical development of physics
beginning of the 20th century, physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory. Physics today may be divided
History_of_physics
Elementary particle with negative charge
substructure. An electron's mass is approximately 1/1836 that of a proton. Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum
Electron
Decay of nuclear spin polarization in MRI and NMR
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), an observable nuclear spin polarization (magnetization) is created
Relaxation_(NMR)
American electrical engineer
co-workers used original low-frequency noise spectroscopy to monitor phase transitions in 2D CDW quantum materials, demonstrated the extreme radiation
Alexander_A._Balandin
Relativistic interaction in quantum physics
In quantum mechanics, the spin–orbit interaction (also called spin–orbit effect or spin–orbit coupling) is a relativistic interaction of a particle's
Spin–orbit_interaction
Scattering of photons off charged particles
Compton scattering (or the Compton effect) is the quantum theory of scattering of a high-frequency photon through an interaction with a charged particle
Compton_scattering
Converting classical mechanics to quantum mechanics
equations into quantum wave equations. The companion concept of second quantization converts classical field equations in to quantum field equations
First_quantization
Range 300-3000 GHz of the electromagnetic spectrum
sources, single-cycle or pulsed sources used in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy such as photoconductive, surface field, photo-Dember and optical rectification
Terahertz_radiation
Research of materials
neutrons, and various forms of spectroscopy and chemical analysis such as Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, chromatography, thermal analysis
Materials_science
One of six awards by the Wolf Foundation
United States for his revolutionary contributions to NMR spectroscopy, especially multiple-quantum and high-spin NMR. 1992 John Pople United Kingdom for
Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry
This led to a fast increasing number of semiconductor nanoparticles of quantum dots. Fullerenes were discovered in 1985 by Harry Kroto, Richard Smalley
History_of_nanotechnology
Clock that monitors the resonant frequency of atoms
record-setting optical atomic clock based on a trapped aluminium ion. This "quantum logic" clock achieves a systematic uncertainty corresponding to around 19
Atomic_clock
Type of single-photon detector
single flux quantum logic. Many of the initial application demonstrations of SNSPDs have been in the area of quantum information, such as quantum key distribution
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Superconducting_nanowire_single-photon_detector
Mathematical invariance under transformations
symmetry explains fundamental observations in quantum chemistry, and in the applied areas of spectroscopy and crystallography. The theory and application
Symmetry
Symbols for constants, special functions
quaternary combinator in combinatory logic a symbol for psychology the wave function in the Schrödinger equation of quantum mechanics ψ {\displaystyle \psi
Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
Greek_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering
Extremely accurate clock in development
023401. PMID 39073965. Brewer, S. M.; et al. (15 July 2019). "27Al+ quantum-logic clock with systematic uncertainty below 10−18". Physical Review Letters
Nuclear_clock
Ukrainian physicist
the method of point contact spectroscopy; research of strongly correlated electronic systems and point contact spectroscopy of topical superconductors
Yurii_G._Naidyuk
Italian physicist
professor emeritus in 1992. In the 1950s he dealt with microwave optics and spectroscopy. In the early 1960s, he transferred the laser research that had started
Giuliano_Toraldo_di_Francia
transform Least-squares spectral analysis FFT multiplication Spectral method Fourier transform spectroscopy Signal analysis Analytic signal Welch method
List of harmonic analysis topics
List_of_harmonic_analysis_topics
Parent chemical compound of certain fluorescent dyes
UV-radiation and re-emit it in very narrow frequency spreads, with high quantum yields, mostly at wavelengths below 600 nm. They are relatively insensitive
BODIPY
American physicist (1915–2015)
maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices. He shared the
Charles_H._Townes
Simultaneous absorption of two photons by a molecule
H. (2012). "Chapter 4. Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy". In Herbert Rabin, C. L. Tang (ed.). Quantum Electronics: A Treatise, Volume 1. Nonlinear Optics
Two-photon_absorption
motion; classical mechanics is mechanics limited to non-relativistic and non-quantum approximations. Most of the techniques of classical mechanics were developed
History of classical mechanics
History_of_classical_mechanics
Wire with a diameter in the nanometres
use as photon ballistic waveguides as interconnects in quantum dot/quantum effect well photon logic arrays. Photons travel inside the tube, electrons travel
Nanowire
Type of superconducting quantum bit
In quantum computing, and more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, the phase qubit is a superconducting device based on the
Phase_qubit
application of quantum mechanics to chemistry and spectroscopy than answers to chemically relevant questions. In 1951, a milestone article in quantum chemistry
History_of_chemistry
Overview of Germany's handling with science and technology
is a prize for "outstanding achievements" in the field of analytical spectroscopy. The prize is named in honor of chemist Robert Bunsen and physicist Gustav
Science and technology in Germany
Science_and_technology_in_Germany
Subfield of astronomy
classical mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular
Astrophysics
Computational chemistry software package
chemistry software package that implements a variety of semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods based on the neglect of diatomic differential overlap
MOPAC
Physical interaction of charged particles
(2024). "Rutherford's Hypothesis on the Atomic Structure". Old Quantum Theory and Early Quantum Mechanics. Challenges in Physics Education. Cham: Springer
Coulomb_scattering
Bogoliubov transformation Quantum mechanics Nikolay Bogoliubov Boltzmann equation Thermodynamics Ludwig Boltzmann Born's law Quantum mechanics Max Born Boyle's
List of scientific laws named after people
List_of_scientific_laws_named_after_people
Magnetic phenomenon
(September 2011). "Structure and dynamics of hydrogels and organogels: An NMR spectroscopy approach". Progress in Polymer Science. 36 (9): 1184–1253. doi:10.1016/j
Spin–spin_relaxation
Spectral line of hydrogen state transition in UHF radio frequencies
electron's spin is reversed relative to the spin of the proton. This is a quantum state change between the two hyperfine levels of the hydrogen 1 s ground
Hydrogen_line
ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy), such as in absorption intensity and wavelength or in chirality (using circularly polarized light, and CD spectroscopy). In contrast
Molecular_sensor
Study of light on the nanometer scale
applications outside of academic settings, e.g. mid-infrared and overtone spectroscopy, logic gates and cryptography on a chip etc. As of 2016 the research of
Nanophotonics
application of quantum mechanics to chemistry and spectroscopy than answers to chemically relevant questions. In 1951, a milestone article in quantum chemistry
20th_century_in_science
Electronic test equipment that provides in-line delays for circuits
analysis of glass by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy". Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 63 (10): 1016–1023. Bibcode:2008AcSpB..63.1016B
Digital_delay_generator
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