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Class of error correction codes
In computer science, repeat-accumulate codes (RA codes) are a low complexity class of error-correcting codes. They were devised so that their ensemble
Repeat-accumulate_code
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
correcting code Reed–Solomon error correction Reed–Muller code Repeat-accumulate code Repetition codes, such as Triple modular redundancy Spinal code, a rateless
Error_correction_code
Perfect code Quantum fingerprinting RIPEMD Random oracle Redundancy check Reed–Solomon code Reed–Solomon error correction Repeat-accumulate code Repetition
List of algebraic coding theory topics
List_of_algebraic_coding_theory_topics
Linear error correcting code
qubits. In 2003, an irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) style LDPC code beat six turbo codes to become the error-correcting code in the new DVB-S2 standard
Low-density_parity-check_code
Simple but inefficient error-correcting code
stand-alone codes, use in Turbo code-like iteratively decoded concatenated coding schemes, such as repeat-accumulate (RA) and accumulate-repeat-accumulate (ARA)
Repetition_code
High-performance forward error correction codes
other classes of turbo code have been discovered, including serial concatenated convolutional codes and repeat-accumulate codes. Iterative turbo decoding
Turbo_code
Digital satellite television standard
structure, also known as Irregular Repeat-Accumulate codes. VCM (Variable Coding and Modulation) and ACM (Adaptive Coding and Modulation) modes, which allow
DVB-S2
Class of forward error correction codes
Convolutional code Viterbi algorithm Soft-decision decoding Interleaver BCJR algorithm Low-density parity-check code Repeat-accumulate code Turbo equalizer
Serial concatenated convolutional codes
Serial_concatenated_convolutional_codes
DNA that does not code for proteins
Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional
Non-coding_DNA
Hybrid error-detection and correction code in communications
error correction codes that can be used in an HARQ scheme besides Turbo codes, e.g. extended irregular repeat-accumulate (eIRA) code and Efficiently-Encodable
Hybrid automatic repeat request
Hybrid_automatic_repeat_request
Patterns of nucleic acids that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome
over occurs. However, an abundance of neutral repeats can still influence genome evolution as they accumulate over time. Overall, repeated sequences are
Repeated_sequence_(DNA)
Repeating sequences of 2–13 base pairs of DNA
Microsatellites in non-coding regions may not have any specific function, and therefore might not be selected against; this allows them to accumulate mutations unhindered
Microsatellite
experiments on channel code partitioning using the turbo codes, Hamming codes and irregular repeat-accumulate codes. Modulo-N code is a simpler technique
DISCUS
Replacement, insertion, or deletion of a single DNA or RNA nucleotide
Tay-Sachs disease. In molecular biology, repeat-induced point mutation or RIP is a process by which DNA accumulates G:C to A:T transition mutations. Genomic
Point_mutation
Bitmap image file format family
bytes, including control codes. The encoding process that produces the 9-bit codes is shown below. A local string accumulates pixel color numbers from
GIF
by internal duplications in both coding and non-coding genomic sequences. Repetitive units of protein tandem repeats are considerably diverse, ranging
Protein_tandem_repeats
How software progresses through its implementation
progresses from one command to the next. In many contexts, such as machine code and an imperative programming language, control progresses sequentially (to
Control_flow
Family of higher-order functions
constituent parts, building up a return value. Fold is also termed as reduce, accumulate, aggregate, compress, or inject. Typically, a fold is presented with a
Fold_(higher-order_function)
X-linked dominant genetic disorder
testing to determine the number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. Normally, there are between 5 and 40 repeats; fragile X syndrome occurs with more than
Fragile_X_syndrome
Inherited neurodegenerative disorder
due to a new mutation. Expansion of CAG repeats (known as a trinucleotide repeat expansion) in the gene coding for the huntingtin protein results in an
Huntington's_disease
1975 software engineering book by Fred Brooks
of workers involved (it required longer). The tendency for managers to repeat such errors in project development led Brooks to quip that his book is called
The_Mythical_Man-Month
Self-replicating cellular automaton
purpose copier, he showed how the descriptions (tapes) of machines could accumulate mutations in self-replication and thus evolve more complex machines (the
Von Neumann universal constructor
Von_Neumann_universal_constructor
W, Kuang H (March 2012). "Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) have been accumulated through amplification bursts and play important
Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements
Miniature_Inverted-repeat_Transposable_Elements
Type of computer instructions
all are all-ones or a mix of both. Vector GF(2) multiply and multiply-accumulate, vgfm, known as carryless multiply comprehensive packed BCD. memory-based
Bit_manipulation_instructions
Physiological molecule and therapeutic drug
increase the rate of its degradation. Hyaluronan degradation products then accumulate in the skin after UV exposure. While it is abundant in extracellular matrices
Hyaluronic_acid
Mammalian hormone released from the pituitary gland
as the transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL), Per2 protein accumulates and is phosphorylated by CK1E. Per2 subsequently inhibits the transcription
Vasopressin
Repeated DNA variation between individuals
leading to extra copies of the repeat. In addition, if these trinucleotide repeats are in the same reading frame in the coding portion of a gene, it may lead
Copy_number_variation
Model that describes the programmable interface of a computer processor
two data words simultaneously, and it requires a single-cycle multiply–accumulate multiplier. Comparison of instruction set architectures Compressed instruction
Instruction_set_architecture
Musical composition by Ludwig van Beethoven
embrace him in the form of sound.... As time went on and performances accumulated, the symphony gradually rose to the status it holds today. Even highly
Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)
2024 film by Richard LaGravenese
a different writer to rewrite a bad script. When Chris changes the gate code on her while she is talking to a writer, Zara quits. A short time later,
A_Family_Affair_(2024_film)
Children's game
is that, regardless, this usually ends up happening. Errors typically accumulate in the retellings, so the statement announced by the last player differs
Telephone_game
General-purpose programming language
else { 3 * x + 1 }; println!("{new_x}"); } while can be used to repeat a block of code while a condition is met. fn main() { // Iterate over all integers
Rust_(programming_language)
RNA family
stable intronic-sequence RNAs (ebv-sisRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs generated by repeat introns in the Epstein–Barr virus. After EBERs 1 and 2, ebv-sisRNA-1
Epstein–Barr virus stable intronic-sequence RNAs
Epstein–Barr_virus_stable_intronic-sequence_RNAs
Department of the German Naval Intelligence Service
powerful Sainte-Assise transmitter in France. The Sainte Assise tower would repeat the message at two, six, twelve and twenty four hours, and if critically
B-Dienst
Arrangement of hereditary material
have accumulated considerable repetitive elements and noncoding regions, which account for the majority of their DNA sequences (52% non-coding and 44%
Genomic_organization
Condition of genetic hypermutability
units. The majority of repeats occur in untranslated regions, specifically introns. However, microsatellites that occur in coding regions often inhibit
Microsatellite_instability
All genetic material of an organism
degradation, instead accumulating in aggregates that also sequester important transcription factors, thereby altering gene expression. Tandem repeats are usually
Genome
Annual bull riding championship held in Texas
Finals is considered the culminating event of the PBR season. Riders accumulate points throughout the season to qualify for the event and compete for
PBR_World_Finals
German longwave time signal radio station
computed by accumulating samples over the previous 12 months and exceeding the ≤ 30 ns target). The time is represented in binary-coded decimal. It represents
DCF77
American basketball player (born 1984)
numerous endorsement contracts. He is the first player in NBA history to accumulate $1 billion in earnings as an active player. James has been listed by Forbes
LeBron_James
Mixed-signal microcontroller family
execution), or a register number which contains a 4-bit repeat count. The following assembler source code is for a subroutine named memcpy that copies a block
TI_MSP430
DNA located in cellular organelles called chloroplasts
evolution. The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants, and accumulate few mutations. Similar inverted repeats exist in the genomes
Plastid_DNA
2024 American film by Brad Peyton
and was placed at number one in 71 countries. By June 5, 2024, Atlas accumulated 60 million global views (or 119.4 million viewing hours), making it the
Atlas_(2024_film)
Cryptanalytic process developed by Alan Turing during World War II
looking for the giveaway repeat pattern that shows where they align in depth. The comparison of two messages to look for repeats was made easier by punching
Banburismus
Polymer resin widely used in packaging
ASTM standards, polystyrene is regarded as not biodegradable. It is accumulating as a form of litter in the outside environment, particularly along shores
Polystyrene
Opioid analgesic
clots. These particles cannot be filtered out before injection, and will accumulate in the body over time, especially in the lungs and eyes, producing various
Methadone
Film by Howard Hawks
The Shame of the Nation and The Shame of a Nation) is a 1932 American pre-Code gangster film directed by Howard Hawks and produced by Hawks and Howard Hughes
Scarface_(1932_film)
Veterinary medication
by the lower-affinity CYP3A12. Repeat dosing of maropitant eventually saturates CYP2D15, causing the drug to accumulate due to reduced clearance. Thus
Maropitant
Protein
DnaA accumulates during growth and then triggers the initiation of replication. Replication begins with active DnaA binding to 9-mer (9-bp) repeats upstream
DnaA
Genus of grass cultivated for grain
(6 ft 7 in). While the roots of a wheat plant are growing, the plant accumulates an energy store in its stem, in the form of fructans, which helps the
Wheat
Benzodiazepine medication
administration up to six months. On regular administration, diazepam will accumulate, since it has a longer half-life and active metabolites, these metabolites
Lorazepam
Criminal punishment
Singapore Legal Advice. 1 February 2021. § 144(3) Slovak Criminal Code Only in cases of repeat offenders, convicted of the same or as part of an organized group
Life_imprisonment
recognized the need to hold repeat elections in these constituencies and asked parliament to take a decision on holding repeat elections in these constituencies
2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election
2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election
Parallel programming model
1)) repeat end function function Reduce is input: age (in years) Y for each input record (Y,(N,C)) do Accumulate in S the sum of N*C Accumulate in Cnew
MapReduce
Predictive filter
steps along an estimate of the gradient direction. As these adjustments accumulate, error in the state estimates is reduced. For convergence and stability
Alpha_beta_filter
2000 video game
the first day by playing the Song of Time. Players must use knowledge accumulated from previous cycles to solve puzzles, complete quests, and unlock dungeons
The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Majora's_Mask
Class of plant small RNAs
nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) disease-resistance genes, and in flowering plants they also include reproductive classes that accumulate in developing anthers
Phased_small_interfering_RNA
Group of brain diseases induced by prions
produced by a cell and the abnormal proteins stick to each other, they accumulate in the brain, damaging neurons and eventually causing disease. Prion diseases
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible_spongiform_encephalopathy
Performing repetitive tasks for gameplay or cosmetic advantage
video game culture that describes time spent in the game in which a player repeats a general task in order to gain rewards like in-game currency, in-game
Grinding_(video_games)
Combinational digital circuit
inputs to an ALU are the data to be operated on, called operands, and a code indicating the operation to be performed (opcode); the ALU's output is the
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Anticoagulant medication
anticoagulant poisons also accumulate in the liver and kidneys after ingestion. However, such rodenticides may also accumulate in birds of prey and other
Warfarin
U.S. nonprofit organization
NAR is the author of a Model Rocket Safety Code for consumer model rocketry and a High Power Rocket Safety Code for high-power sport rocketry that are recognized
National Association of Rocketry
National_Association_of_Rocketry
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
divided into filter, raptorial, or diffusion feeders. Filter feeders accumulate small suspended particles into the cytostome by filtering them through
Protist
37th season of the reality television series
to their detonator before the next team member goes. The first team to accumulate 20 sticks of dynamite and detonate their opponent's bunkers wins. Winners:
The Challenge: Spies, Lies & Allies
The_Challenge:_Spies,_Lies_&_Allies
Video game character
at the end of each iteration she willingly uploads all of Amphoreus' accumulated memories into the system, before she herself is formatted and reinserted
Cyrene_(Honkai:_Star_Rail)
Protein-coding gene in humans
It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. The gene codes for two proteins, including the INK4 family member p16 (or p16INK4a) and
CDKN2A
Leader of the Bedonkohe Apache (1829–1909)
to take revenge for the murder of his family by Mexican soldiers and accumulated a record of brutality during this time that was unmatched by any of his
Geronimo
Computer command line program
code had been hosted on (in reverse order): Bazaar, Mercurial, Subversion, and via CVS. When a sufficient number of features or bug fixes accumulate during
Wget
Mandelbar Set
maps. The characteristic three-cornered shape created by this fractal repeats with variations at different scales, showing the same sort of self-similarity
Tricorn_(mathematics)
Open source amateur radio mode
using one of 3 feedback polynomials with 255, 65,535 and 16,777,215-bit repeat periods. AES encryption: symmetric, 128-bit block cipher operating in CTR
M17_(amateur_radio)
Species of bacterium
eventually leads to disruption of the endothelial layer. The Treponema repeat family of proteins (Tpr) are proteins expressed during the infection process
Treponema_pallidum
non prosunt singula multa iuvant what alone is not useful helps when accumulated Ovid, Remedia amoris quaecumque sunt vera whatsoever is true frequently
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
Hypothetical event
software and hardware to design an even more capable machine, which could repeat the process in turn. A superintelligence, hyperintelligence, or superhuman
Technological_singularity
Solid-rocket propellant
pressing as with black powder. This provides manufacturing regularity and repeatability, which are necessary requirements for use in the aerospace industry
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant
Ammonium_perchlorate_composite_propellant
Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796
not technically allow them to own possessions, some serfs were able to accumulate enough wealth to pay for their freedom. The understanding of law in Imperial
Catherine_the_Great
Video game series by Nintendo
expanded and decorated using furnishings unlocked by spending "wishes" accumulated through "warm fuzzies", the latter of which are obtained by solving Mii
Tomodachi_Life
Type of chromosome
number of species.[citation needed] B chromosomes have a tendency to accumulate in meiotic cell products resulting in an increase of B number over generations
B_chromosome
Science of genes, heredity and variation
of natural selection occurs within the body and eventually mutations accumulate within cells to promote their own growth, creating a cancerous tumor that
Genetics
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
leading to abnormal protein aggregates called amyloids. These amyloids accumulate in infected tissue, causing damage and cell death. The structural stability
Prion
Class of small RNA molecules
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs
Small_nucleolar_RNA
American adult animated television series
34 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart, having accumulated 2.7 million American streams in the week following the show. The soundtrack
Hazbin_Hotel
Species of wasp
after the parasites have emerged. Certain neuropeptides were found to accumulate in the neurosecretory system of the host, which were correlated to a change
Cotesia_congregata
1985 American TV series or program
It aired in syndication from September 16, 1985 to May 23, 1986, with repeats airing until September 12. It was not related to two previous shows by
Break the Bank (1985 game show)
Break_the_Bank_(1985_game_show)
2006 book by Sean B. Carroll
natural selection and accumulated deleterious mutations. In the human genome, MYH16 is an example. Déjà Vu: How and Why Evolution Repeats Itself looks at convergent
The_Making_of_the_Fittest
Season of television series
biggest problem with [the season finale episode] is obviously that it repeats the series' pattern of ending seasons". The fourth season was released
Silicon_Valley_season_4
Protein-coding gene in humans
buildup of a repeat expansion with each generation is typically thought to occur because the DNA is unstable and therefore accumulates exponentially
C9orf72
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich repeats and death domain containing, also known as LRDD or p53-induced protein with a death domain (PIDD), is a protein which in humans is
PIDD1
Cohort born from 1946 to 1964
the 1960s and 1970s and predicted that the 2020s would see the pattern repeat itself. Because the baby boomers were a huge demographic cohort, when they
Baby_boomers
Biological term
and mature metaphase II (MII) stage. Non-CpG methylation continues to accumulate in these stages. Chromatin accessibility in germline was evaluated by
Epigenome
RNA component of the ribosome, essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which
Ribosomal_RNA
Lossless data compression format
accurately, an arithmetic coder converts those probabilities into a near-optimal code, a consequence of Shannon's source coding theorem. Accordingly, essentially
SQUISH
Military dictator of Panama from 1983 to 1989
Renacer prison to serve the sentences, totalling 60 years, that he had accumulated in absentia for crimes committed during his rule. On February 5, 2012
Manuel_Noriega
Main character of the Friday the 13th series
to help him return to Earth in Friday the 13th: Hell Lake. In Hate-Kill-Repeat, two religious serial killers attempt to find Jason at Crystal Lake, believing
Jason_Voorhees
HHV latency associated transcript (HHV LAT) is a length of RNA which accumulates in cells hosting long-term, or latent, human herpes virus (HHV) infections
HHV latency associated transcript
HHV_latency_associated_transcript
Phenomenon in nuclear engineering
at each multiple of α E {\displaystyle \alpha E} the neutron flux is accumulated from one fewer neutron generation to the left of the discontinuity than
Placzek_transient
Mechanism allowing a machine to test itself
the telephone concentrator box. This contains complex electronics to accumulate telephone lines or data and route it to a central switch. Telephone concentrators
Built-in_self-test
Association between genetics and ALS
repeat units. It is not clear exactly how many repeat units are needed to cause disease. SOD1, which codes for superoxide dismutase 1, is the second most
Genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Genetics_of_amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis
Database software
and project members rewrote the prototype repeatedly to incorporate accumulated experience, feedback from users, and new ideas. The research project
Ingres_(database)
687–689. doi:10.1080/00358533.2025.2542794. Terry, Fiona (2002). Condemned to Repeat?: The Paradox of Humanitarian Action. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8796-5
List_of_genocides
Protein found in humans
many forms of cancer. If DNA repair is deficient, DNA damage tends to accumulate. Such excess DNA damage may increase mutations due to error-prone translesion
MSH2
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REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
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REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
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