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Cell membrane of a muscle fibre
The sarcolemma (sarco (from sarx) from Greek; flesh, and lemma from Greek; sheath), also called the myolemma, is the cell membrane surrounding a skeletal
Sarcolemma
Type of cell found in muscle tissue
reticulum; and the cell membrane in a muscle cell is termed the sarcolemma. The sarcolemma receives and conducts stimuli. Skeletal muscle cells are the individual
Muscle_cell
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
certain cell types. Sarcolemma in muscle cells: Sarcolemma is the name given to the cell membrane of muscle cells. Although the sarcolemma is similar to other
Cell_membrane
Junction between motor neuron and muscle fiber
(nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion
Neuromuscular_junction
One of three major types of muscle
centrally positioned, the myonucleus is elongated and located close to the sarcolemma (membrane). The myonuclei are quite uniformly arranged along the fiber
Skeletal_muscle
Repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell
costamere is a different component that connects the sarcomere to the sarcolemma. Two of the important proteins are myosin, which forms the thick filament
Sarcomere
Type of paralyzing anesthetic including lepto- and pachycurares
receptors. Depolarizing blocking agents: These agents act by depolarizing the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle fiber. This persistent depolarization makes the
Neuromuscular-blocking_drug
Extensions in cell membrane of muscle fibres
bilayer as the surface membrane or sarcolemma of skeletal or cardiac muscle cells. They connect directly with the sarcolemma at one end before travelling deep
T-tubule
Fourth stage of death
deterioration of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Also, the breakdown of the sarcolemma causes additional calcium to enter the cytosol. The calcium activates
Rigor_mortis
Activation of tension-generating sites in muscle
dihydropyridine receptors, (DHPRs). DHPRs are located on the sarcolemma (which includes the surface sarcolemma and the transverse tubules), while the RyRs reside
Muscle_contraction
Mammalian protein found in humans
a muscle-specific, type III intermediate filament that integrates the sarcolemma, Z disk, and nuclear membrane in sarcomeres and regulates sarcomere architecture
Desmin
Component of striated muscle cells
which connects the sarcomere of the muscle to the cell membrane (i.e. the sarcolemma). Costameres are sub-sarcolemmal protein assemblies circumferentially
Costamere
Rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein
Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin is a protein located between the sarcolemma and the outermost layer of myofilaments in the muscle fiber (myofiber)
Dystrophin
Muscle tissue with repeating functional units called sarcomeres
in collagen and endomysium, into fascicles. Each muscle fiber contains sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The functional unit of a muscle
Striated_muscle_tissue
Connective tissue ensheathing individual muscle fibres
capillaries and nerves. It overlies the muscle fiber's cell membrane: the sarcolemma. Endomysium is the deepest and smallest component of muscle connective
Endomysium
Narrowing of blood vessels due to the constriction of smooth muscle cells
IP3-mediated calcium release, as well as enhanced calcium entry across the sarcolemma through calcium channels. The rise in intracellular calcium complexes
Vasoconstriction
Precursor cell of skeletal muscle cells
Myosatellite cells are located between the basement membrane and the sarcolemma of muscle fibers, and can lie in grooves either parallel or transversely
Myosatellite_cell
Cytoplasm of a muscle cell, including the sarcoplasmic reticulum
apparatus near the nucleus, mitochondria just inside the cell membrane (sarcolemma), and a smooth endoplasmic reticulum (specialized for muscle function
Sarcoplasm
Involuntary non-striated muscle
adhesions) in the cell membrane of the smooth muscle cell, called the sarcolemma. The adherens junctions consist of large number of proteins including
Smooth_muscle
Basic unit of life forms
membrane of a skeletal muscle cell or of a cardiac muscle cell is termed the sarcolemma. And the cytoplasm is termed the sarcoplasm. Skeletal muscle cells also
Cell_(biology)
Medical condition
rhabdomyolysis results from damage to the intracellular proteins inside the sarcolemma. Myosin and actin break down in the sarcomeres when ATP is no longer available
Exertional_rhabdomyolysis
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
myotilin and FATZ-1 interact with each other and are connected to the sarcolemma via muscle-specific filamins". Journal of Cell Science. 118 (Pt 16): 3739–49
MYOT
Organ system that gives humans the capacity to move
stimulated, an action potential is generated and the permeability of the sarcolemma is altered. This process is known as initiation. A tendon is a tough,
Human_musculoskeletal_system
Autoimmune disorder causing muscular weakness
autoantibodies to the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors. Presynaptic terminal Sarcolemma Synaptic vesicle Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Mitochondrion Specialty
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Lambert–Eaton_myasthenic_syndrome
Protein found in humans
where it functions to mediate the anchorage of actin filaments to the sarcolemma. αE-catenin also plays a role in tumor metastasis and skin cell function
Catenin_alpha-1
(sarcolemma), as impulses, passing from one cell to the next through channels, in structures known as gap junctions. Certain regions of the sarcolemma
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling
Cardiac_excitation-contraction_coupling
Species of plant commonly known as oleander
of cardiotoxic glycosides is positive inotropy. Glycosides bind to the sarcolemma transmembrane ATPase of cardiac muscle cells and compete with K+ ions
Nerium
Muscular tissue of heart in vertebrates
Intercalated discs are part of the cardiac muscle cell sarcolemma and they contain gap junctions and desmosomes.
Cardiac_muscle
Protein-coding gene in humans
endoplasmic reticulum perinuclear region of cytoplasm neuron projection sarcolemma extracellular exosome cytoskeleton nucleus cell periphery lamellipodium
CIB1
Neuron communication by electric impulses
acetylcholine receptor, an integral membrane protein in the membrane (the sarcolemma) of the muscle fiber. However, the acetylcholine does not remain bound;
Action_potential
Medical condition
region of the protein resulting a disruption of DCG complex and loss of sarcolemma integrity and increasing myocyte permeability. This eventually results
Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy
Coxsackievirus-induced_cardiomyopathy
Protein encoded by the DYSF gene in humans
a role for dysferlin in regulating fusion of repair vesicles with the sarcolemma during membrane repair. Furthermore, live-cell imaging of dysferlin-eGFP
Dysferlin
Species of bird
the flight muscle of bar-headed geese are significantly closer to the sarcolemma, decreasing the intracellular diffusion distance of oxygen from the capillaries
Bar-headed_goose
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
the human fetus during muscle differentiation, utrophin is found at the sarcolemma. It disappears when the fetus begins to express dystrophin. The tertiary
Utrophin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
integral component of membrane dystroglycan complex cytoskeleton membrane sarcolemma plasma membrane nucleoplasm sarcoglycan complex Biological process muscle
SGCG
Group of cells in the wall of the heart
driver of the membrane clock or voltage-dependant ion channels in the sarcolemma. This funny current causes the membrane potential of the cell to gradually
Sinoatrial_node
Structure that surrounds the sarcolemma of muscle cells
External lamina is a structure similar to basal lamina that surrounds the sarcolemma of muscle cells. It is secreted by myocytes and consists primarily of
External_lamina
Medical condition
abnormal function of the dystrophin-glycoprotein-associated complex in the sarcolemma of skeletal muscles. Seventy to eighty percent of cases of the most severe
Arthrogryposis
Chemical compound
the calcium sensitivity of the smooth muscle. PKG also activates the sarcolemma calcium pump to remove activating calcium. PKG acts on K+ channels to
Nicorandil
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
perpendicular to the long axis of myocytes. In myocytes, sarcomeres adhere to the sarcolemma via costameres, which align at Z-discs and M-lines. The two primary cytoskeletal
Actin,_cytoplasmic_2
Drug for skeletal muscle function
Detailed view of a neuromuscular junction: Presynaptic terminal Sarcolemma Synaptic vesicle Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Mitochondrion
Muscle_relaxant
Protein found in humans
inward rectifier potassium channel complex perinuclear region of cytoplasm sarcolemma nucleus mitochondrion caveola Z discdkac T-tubule sarcoplasmic reticulum
NOS1AP
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expressed in cardiac muscle at Z-disc structures, costameres and at the sarcolemma membrane. Mutations in alpha II-spectrin have been associated with early
SPTAN1
Nerve cell sending impulse to muscle
depolarization and triggers a muscle action potential. T tubules of the sarcolemma are then stimulated to elicit calcium ion release from the sarcoplasmic
Motor_neuron
Protein found in humans
syntrophins and alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin. The DPC localizes to the sarcolemma and its disruption is associated with various forms of muscular dystrophy
Dystrobrevin_alpha
Type of muscular dystrophy
subunits. The absence of dystrophin permits excess calcium to penetrate the sarcolemma (the muscle cell membrane). Duchenne muscular dystrophy is extremely rare
Duchenne_muscular_dystrophy
Aspect of lactate metabolism
transporter of lactate, monocarboxylate transport protein (MCT), in the sarcolemma vesicles of rat skeletal muscle. Later, MCT1 was the first of the MCT
Lactate_shuttle_hypothesis
Long chain of protein monomers
is a representation of a microfilament breakdown in a muscle fiber. It shows the different zones and disks within the sarcolemma of this muscle fiber.
Protein_filament
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane cytoplasm plasma membrane membrane sarcolemma T-tubule Biological process skeletal muscle contraction neuromuscular
STAC3
Mammalian protein found in humans
investigators detected a shuttling of β-catenin from the intercalated disc/sarcolemma to the nucleus, evidenced by a reduction of β-catenin expression in the
Catenin_beta-1
Medical condition
binds the sarcolemma of muscle cells to the extracellular connective tissue. The purpose is to reduce the mechanical force on the sarcolemma as a result
Myoclonic_dystonia
Protein found in humans
adhesion–like structures in muscle cells that tether Z-disc structures across the sarcolemma to the extracellular matrix. The current working model of costamerogenesis
Paxillin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
spot adherens junction Z discdkac cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane sarcolemma costamere cytoskeleton Biological process organic substance metabolic
PGM5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a multisubunit protein complex that spans the sarcolemma and provides structural linkage between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton
SGCB
Chemical compound
Bu; et al. (2009). "Uniform action potential repolarization within the sarcolemma of in situ ventricular cardiomyocytes". Biophysical Journal. 96 (6): 2532–2546
ANNINE-6plus
Protein found in humans
structural molecule activity Cellular component terminal web plasma membrane sarcolemma costamere dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex Z discdkac extracellular
Keratin_19
Muscular contraction-related structure in tissue
the myofibrils. Similarly to the plasma membrane of other cells, the sarcolemma protects and surrounds the myocytes. The two cellular components that
Diad
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Christensen et al. have shown that TMEM43 is mainly localized at the sarcolemma. Mutations in TMEM43 are associated with ARVD and EDMD7. GRCh38: Ensembl
TMEM43
Physiology and biochemistry of insect organ systems
fiber has many cells with a plasma membrane and outer sheath or sarcolemma. The sarcolemma is invaginated and can make contact with the tracheole carrying
Insect_physiology
Protein found in humans
junctions, which enables cell–cell adhesion and force transmission across the sarcolemma. Cadherin-2 complexed to catenins has been described as a master regulator
Cadherin-2
Enclosing or separating membrane in organisms acting as selective semi-permeable barrier
membranes of flagella, cilia, microvillus, filopodia and lamellipodia, the sarcolemma of muscle cells, as well as specialized myelin and dendritic spine membranes
Biological_membrane
Condition of low level of magnesium in the body
passively increasing the action of the sodium-calcium exchanger in the sarcolemma. The increased intracellular calcium gives a positive inotropic effect
Magnesium_deficiency
South American electric fish
several biochemical properties and morphological features of the muscle sarcolemma; they are found symmetrically along both sides of the eel. When the eel
Electrophorus_electricus
Protein-coding gene in humans
structure transport vesicle cell surface lysosomal lumen Golgi lumen sarcolemma extracellular exosome extracellular space extracellular region collagen-containing
Biglycan
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
membrane cortical actin cytoskeleton caveola membrane raft COP9 signalosome sarcolemma extracellular exosome cytoplasmic vesicle lamellipodium cell-cell junction
FLOT1
Protein family
cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, preventing damage to the muscle fibre sarcolemma through shearing forces. The dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) is
Sarcoglycan
Class of opioid receptors found in humans
dendrite membrane endoplasmic reticulum neuron projection membrane raft sarcolemma dendrite cytoplasm plasma membrane dendrite endosome axon cell projection
Mu-opioid_receptor
Voltages associated with muscle fibre
increased flow of sodium and potassium ions, causing depolarization of the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane). The small depolarization associated with the release
End-plate_potential
Higher release of Calcium in cells
action potentials, travel along the cell membrane (sarcolemma) of muscle cells. Located in the sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells are receptors, called dihydropyridine
Calcium_sparks
Study of heart functions
length of the cell. T (transverse) tubules are deep invaginations from the sarcolemma (cell membrane) that penetrate the cell, allowing the electrical impulses
Cardiac_physiology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
constituent of the plaque which anchors intermediate filaments to the sarcolemma by its C-terminus and indirectly to sarcolemmal cadherins by its N-terminus
Plakophilin-2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with alpha1-syntrophin at the sarcolemma". Microsc. Res. Tech. 55 (3): 164–70. doi:10.1002/jemt.1167. PMID 11747091
Syntrophin,_alpha_1
Chemical compound
PMID 25099672. Cholesterol is a major component of the cell membrane, and sarcolemma is the one that relies mainly on de novo synthesis of cholesterol. This
Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
Β-Hydroxy_β-methylbutyric_acid
Mammalian protein found in humans
T-tubule L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex plasma membrane sarcolemma Biological process muscle contraction membrane depolarization during action
CACNA1S
Formation of muscular tissue, particularly during embryonic development
cells are described as quiescent myoblasts and neighbor muscle fiber sarcolemma. They are crucial for the repair of muscle, but have a very limited ability
Myogenesis
Biological process
termination. Excitation-contraction coupling in myocardium relies on sarcolemma depolarization and subsequent Ca2+ entry to trigger Ca2+ release from
Calcium-induced calcium release
Calcium-induced_calcium_release
British biochemist
muscle cells, the neuromuscular junction and molecular architecture of the sarcolemma. Blake D.J., Hawkes R., Benson M.A. and Beesley P. (1999) Different dystrophin-like
Derek_Blake
Enzyme
rest of the body's cells because glucose 6-phosphate cannot cross the sarcolemma unless it is dephosphorylated. The enzyme plays an important role during
Glucose_6-phosphatase
American molecular neuroscientist
finding nNOS in neurons, Bredt helped identify nNOS on skeletal muscle sarcolemma (Nature, 1994), and his team determined that nNOS in muscle associates
David_S._Bredt
Protein-coding gene in humans
Molecular function protein binding Cellular component plasma membrane sarcolemma nucleus cytoplasmic vesicle membrane costamere T-tubule Z discdkac cytoplasm
AHNAK2
Diminishing muscle
travels across the space of the synaptic cleft to ACh receptors on the sarcolemma of the motor end plate. After unbinding from the receptors, ACh is broken
Tetanic_fade
Formation of neuronal junctions in the nervous system
acetylcholine receptors (AChR) on the plasma membrane of the myofiber, the sarcolemma. As the AChRs open ion channels, the membrane depolarizes, causing muscle
Synaptogenesis
Protein-coding gene in humans
adhesion plasma membrane lysosomal membrane actin cytoskeleton membrane raft sarcolemma costamere extracellular exosome nucleus T-tubule Biological process regulation
AHNAK
Delayed relaxation of muscles following contraction
causes related to the ion channels in the skeletal muscle fiber membrane (sarcolemma). Two documented types, DM1 and DM2 exist. In myotonic dystrophy a nucleotide
Myotonia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
et al. (2007). "Immunolocalization of interleukin-1 receptors in the sarcolemma and nuclei of skeletal muscle in patients with idiopathic inflammatory
IL1RAPL2
Medical condition neuromuscular disorders
merosin. laminin-211 is important to the function and integrity of the sarcolemma of muscle fibers. laminin-alpha2 is also present in extra-muscular locations
LAMA2 related congenital muscular dystrophy
LAMA2_related_congenital_muscular_dystrophy
Uniporter protein
caveola membrane raft extracellular exosome intercalated disc Z discdkac sarcolemma Biological process L-ascorbic acid metabolic process cellular response
GLUT1
Protein and coding gene in humans
with the dihydropyridine receptor (L-type calcium channels) within the sarcolemma of the T-tubule, which opens in response to depolarization, and thus effectively
Ryanodine_receptor_1
Transport protein
plasma membrane cell surface perinuclear region of cytoplasm membrane raft sarcolemma clathrin-coated pit trans-Golgi network transport vesicle extracellular
GLUT4
Protein found in humans
matrix extracellular region collagen type VI trimer lysosomal membrane sarcolemma collagen endoplasmic reticulum lumen extracellular exosome membrane extracellular
Collagen,_type_VI,_alpha_1
Organelle containing glycolytic enzymes in some protists
attached to myofibrils and mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, sarcolemma, polyribosomes, or the Golgi apparatus. Glycosome attachment may bestow
Glycosome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
component of membrane vesicle mast cell granule basolateral plasma membrane sarcolemma phagocytic cup cytoplasmic vesicle membrane cytoplasmic vesicle extracellular
Annexin_A1
Danish insect flight expert (1922–1975)
PMID 13444040. Buchthal, F.; Weis-Fogh, T. (1956). "Contribution of the Sarcolemma to the Force Exerted by Resting Muscle of insects". Acta Physiologica
Torkel_Weis-Fogh
Protein-coding gene in humans
insulin-stimulated translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the mouse skeletal muscle sarcolemma". FASEB Journal. 24 (7): 2254–2261. doi:10.1096/fj.09-137380. PMC 4183928
RAC1
Protein found in humans
endosome synaptic vesicle endosome membrane protein-containing complex sarcolemma synapse synaptic membrane integral component of presynaptic membrane Biological
Nicastrin
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Golgi apparatus dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex Golgi membrane sarcolemma plasma membrane membrane rough endoplasmic reticulum integral component
Fukutin-related_protein
Protein found in humans
conferring tensile strength Cellular component extracellular vesicle sarcolemma collagen endoplasmic reticulum lumen extracellular exosome membrane extracellular
Collagen,_type_VI,_alpha_2
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
component of plasma membrane acrosomal membrane mitochondrion membrane raft sarcolemma extracellular exosome intracellular membrane-bounded organelle axon Biological
Basigin
Medical condition
a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1) XLR FHL1 is located at the sarcomere and sarcolemma, unlike the rest of the proteins implicated in EDMD. It is involved in
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Emery–Dreifuss_muscular_dystrophy
Protein-coding gene in humans
cytoplasm cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane extracellular exosome cytosol sarcolemma Biological process protein dephosphorylation peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation
ACP1
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