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Technology for examining cells
Spatial DNA methylation profiling refers to technologies that combine the measurements of DNA methylation and the spatial information of cells. These
Spatial DNA methylation profiling
Spatial_DNA_methylation_profiling
Technique used to identify individuals via DNA characteristics
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics
DNA_profiling
Study of how diet changes gene expression
and addiction. Studies of the epigenetic profile of these children have found altered levels of DNA methylation on several genes implicated in growth and
Nutritional_epigenetics
Cellular mechanism
of DNA adducts- ethanoates, oxidized bases, alkylated phosphodiesters and crosslinking of DNA, just to name a few. UV damage, alkylation/methylation, X-ray
DNA_repair
Study of DNA modifications that do not change its sequence
such changes are DNA methylation and histone modification, each of which alters how genes are expressed without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Further
Epigenetics
Complex of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells
determines the spatial organization of chromatin in the nucleus, by inferring genomic locations that physically interact. MACC profiling (Micrococcal nuclease
Chromatin
Examines sequence information from individual cells
representation bisulfite sequencing libraries for genome-scale DNA methylation profiling". Nature Protocols. 6 (4): 468–481. doi:10.1038/nprot.2010.190
Single-cell_sequencing
Molecular biology technique
around TF motifs or footprinting analysis. Spatial ATAC-seq combines chromatin accessibility profiling with spatial information, enabling researchers to map
ATAC-seq
Field of study
arise when incomplete digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes generated false negative results. DNA methylation profiling on a large scale was first made
Epigenomics
Lightly packed form of chromatin that is enriched in genes
different methylation and acetylation states, which determine the overall arrangement of the chromatin. Approximately 147 base pairs of DNA are wound
Euchromatin
Aggressive type of brain cancer
respectively. Another important alteration is methylation of MGMT, a "suicide" DNA repair enzyme. Methylation impairs DNA transcription and expression of the MGMT
Glioblastoma
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
memory include the methylation and demethylation of neuronal DNA, as well as modifications of histone proteins including methylations, acetylations and
Memory
Protein that regulates the rate of DNA transcription
factor binding motifs coupled with DNA methylation profiles. Cdx protein family DNA-binding protein Inhibitor of DNA-binding protein Mapper(2) Nuclear
Transcription_factor
Region of DNA encouraging transcription
carcinogenic gene silencing is a result of altered DNA methylation (see DNA methylation in cancer). DNA methylation causing silencing in cancer typically occurs
Promoter_(genetics)
Tumor-derived fragmented DNA in the bloodstream
part through DNA methylation. Measuring aberrant methylation patterns in ctDNA is possible due to stable methylation of regions of DNA referred to as
Circulating_tumor_DNA
Heritable characteristics affecting learning
One current hypothesis for how DNA methylation contributes to the storage of memories is that dynamic DNA methylation changes occur temporally to activate
Epigenetics in learning and memory
Epigenetics_in_learning_and_memory
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
The process of measuring gene expression via cDNA is called expression analysis or expression profiling. Applications include: Specialised arrays tailored
DNA_microarray
Hypothesis that aging is caused by accumulated DNA damage
enzyme DNMT1 is recruited to sites of oxidative DNA damage. Recruitment of DNMT1 leads to DNA methylation at the promoters of genes to inhibit transcription
DNA_damage_theory_of_aging
Field of study
methylation patterns in the DNA. Physical exercise is one such factor that also has been shown to affect methylation and chromatin modifications. DNA
Epigenetics of physical exercise
Epigenetics_of_physical_exercise
Bacterium that causes tuberculosis
partial methylation of targeted adenine bases. This occurs as intracellular stochastic methylation, where some targeted adenine bases on a given DNA molecule
Mycobacterium_tuberculosis
Epigenetic transmission without DNA primary structure alteration
directional changes in DNA-methylation levels throughout the genome, suggesting that stress-induced heritable changes in DNA-methylation patterns may be important
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Transgenerational_epigenetic_inheritance
Vertebrate brain region
methylated DNA regions appeared in the hippocampus neuronal genome of the rats at one hour and at 24 hours after training. These alterations in methylation pattern
Hippocampus
Behavioral paradigm in which organisms learn to predict aversive events
to initiate DNA demethylation of those genes. DNMT3A2 protein is a de novo DNA methyltransferase, adding methylation to cytosines in DNA. Expression of
Fear_conditioning
Family of large biological molecules
Zhou B, Zhang F, Tu Y, Hu Y, Zhang B, Zhai Q (2013). "Profiling and identification of small rDNA-derived RNAs and their potential biological functions"
RNA
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
during infections. For example, mitochondrial mtDNA resembles bacterial DNA due to its lack of CpG methylation and can be detected by Toll-like receptor 9
Mitochondria
Genetic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15
(FISH): is conducted following methylation studies to detect if there is a maternal deletion of UBE3A on chromosome 15 DNA marker analysis: Imprinting defects
Angelman_syndrome
Study of epigenetics' influencing behavior
other than to the sequence of DNA and includes changes to histones (proteins around which DNA is wrapped) and DNA methylation. These epigenetic changes can
Behavioral_epigenetics
transcription start sites, the methods used for m6A profiling can be and were adapted for m6Am profiling, namely m6A-seq, and miCLIP (see m6A-seq and miCLIP
Epitranscriptomic_sequencing
Technique in molecular biology
Chepelev, Iouri; Zhao, Keji (May 2007). "High-Resolution Profiling of Histone Methylations in the Human Genome". Cell. 129 (4): 823–837. doi:10.1016/j
ChIA-PET
Non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides
expressed along both the spatial and temporal axes of human development and define chromatin domains of differential histone methylation and RNA polymerase
Long_non-coding_RNA
Sequence in a genome
both the complexity and the importance of restricting DNA replication temporally and spatially. The concept of the replicator as a genetic entity has
Origin_of_replication
Mammalian protein found in humans
Froemming GR, Zain RB, Abraham MT, Omar E, Tan SK, et al. (2013). "DNA methylation profiling revealed promoter hypermethylation-induced silencing of p16, DDAH2
P16
Set of all RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells
carcinogenesis. Transcriptomic profiling is being studied as a tool for cancer treatment, by matching genetic profiles to recommended treatments. This
Transcriptome
Phenomenon characterized by the cessation of cell division
senescence can be triggered by a DNA damage response due to the shortening of telomeres. Cells can also be induced to senesce by DNA damage in response to elevated
Cellular_senescence
Genomic technique
experimental technique used to investigate the interaction between proteins and DNA in the cell. It aims to determine whether specific proteins are associated
Chromatin_immunoprecipitation
East Asian ethnic group
is notable for his work in discovering and deciphering reversible RNA methylation in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. Chuan is also noteworthy
Han_Chinese
Study of epigenomics in individual cells by single cell sequencing
including whole-genome single-cell bisulfite sequencing to measure DNA methylation, whole-genome ChIP-sequencing to measure histone modifications, whole-genome
Single_cell_epigenomics
Large-scale study of proteins
phosphorylation and ubiquitination, proteins may be subjected to (among others) methylation, acetylation, glycosylation, oxidation, and nitrosylation. Some proteins
Proteomics
Genomic analysis technique
between spatially adjacent chromatin segments. Formaldehyde can react with macromolecules in two steps: first it reacts with a nucleophilic group on a DNA base
Hi-C (genomic analysis technique)
Hi-C_(genomic_analysis_technique)
cell bisulphite sequencing to ensure separation of DNA and RNA doesn't affect the DNA methylation status. The MDA amplification has an inherent bias against
G&T-seq
Bioinformatician
September 2026. Regev, A.; Lamb, M. J.; Jablonka, E. (1998). "The Role of DNA Methylation in Invertebrates: Developmental Regulation or Genome Defense?". Molecular
Aviv_Regev
PMID 30580963. Karemaker ID, Vermeulen M (September 2018). "Single-Cell DNA Methylation Profiling: Technologies and Biological Applications". Trends in Biotechnology
List of single cell omics methods
List_of_single_cell_omics_methods
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens, named for ketazocine
epigenetic modifications of the OPRK1 gene, including altered DNA methylation profiles in peripheral blood cells, correlate with substance use severity
Κ-opioid_receptor
Project to catalogue genetic mutations responsible for cancer
gene expression profiling, copy number variation profiling, SNP genotyping, genome wide DNA methylation profiling, microRNA profiling, and exon sequencing
The_Cancer_Genome_Atlas
Sub-field of nutritional genomics
compounds influence human health through epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation. While nutrigenomics
Nutriepigenomics
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
transcription factors FOXA1/2 (by relaxing histone deacetylation and methylation-mediated repression of Foxa1/2 by Nkx2-1) causing reactivation of an
NK2_homeobox_1
Degradation of functioning of the brain
18632/aging.100742. PMC 4468311. PMID 26000617. Horvath S (2013). "DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types". Genome Biology. 14 (10) 3156:
Aging_brain
Processes which grow and shape an organism's nervous tissue over its lifetime(s)
modifications include DNA cytosine methylation to form 5-methylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine demethylation. DNA cytosine methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases
Development of the nervous system
Development_of_the_nervous_system
Computational method used in analyzing DNA
quantification of ChIP-exo crosslinking patterns reveal the spatial organization of protein-DNA complexes". Nucleic Acids Res. 48 (20): 11215–11226. doi:10
Peak_calling
British cell biologist
(such as acetylation of H3K9, di- and tri-methylation of H3K4), or repressed domains ( such as tri-methylation of H3K27).[citation needed] This discovery
Amanda_Fisher
Accumulation of mutations
in most cases the loss is due to methylation of its promoter region. Similarly, when loss of expression of the DNA repair protein PMS2 occurs in colon
Somatic_evolution_in_cancer
Protein found in humans
Kwon, Yong-Jae PhD; Lee, Seog Joo MSc et al. Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation and the Gene Expression Change in Lung Cancer Journal of Thoracic Oncology:
Coiled-coil domain-containing 37 (FLJ40083)
Coiled-coil_domain-containing_37_(FLJ40083)
process known as methylation. MicroArray and Gene Expression (MAGE) A group that "aims to provide a standard for the representation of DNA microarray gene
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Psychedelic drug
studies of the biosynthesis and excretion of hallucinogens formed by methylation of neurotransmitters or related substances". Schizophrenia Bulletin.
Dimethyltryptamine
Protein-coding gene in humans
important role in tumorigenesis. HoxA5 is controlled, at least in part, by DNA methylation. HoxA5 has been shown to upregulate the tumor suppressor p53 and AKT1
HOXA5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Hatina J (January 2006). "Epigenetics of prostate cancer: beyond DNA methylation". Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 10 (1): 100–125. doi:10
KLF4
Greek-born computational biologist
Richard I.; Kellis, Manolis (August 2021). "Genetic drivers of m6A methylation in human brain, lung, heart and muscle". Nature Genetics. 53 (8): 1156–1165
Manolis_Kellis
Species of hyena
Wei (20 July 2021). "Early-life social experience affects offspring DNA methylation and later life stress phenotype". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 4398
Spotted_hyena
Computational methods in biology
transcriptome to profile diverse physical and chemical properties at single-cell resolution, including whole genomes/exomes, DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility
Single-cell multi-omics integration
Single-cell_multi-omics_integration
Subtype of serotonin receptor
are a few mechanisms of regulation for HTR2A gene such regulated by DNA methylation at particular transcript binding sites. Another mechanism for the correct
5-HT2A_receptor
Natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle
factors. Moreover, RVE8-LNKs interaction enables a permissive histone-methylation pattern (H3K4me3) to be modified and the histone-modification itself
Circadian_rhythm
Algorithms for matrix decomposition
1093/bioinformatics/btm134. PMID 17483501. Schwalbe, E. (2013). "DNA methylation profiling of medulloblastoma allows robust sub-classification and improved
Non-negative matrix factorization
Non-negative_matrix_factorization
Meshorer, E.; et al. (2019). "Reconstructing Denisovan anatomy using DNA methylation maps". Cell. 179 (1): 180–192.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.035.
2025_in_paleomammalogy
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
PMID 22812632. "Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes of Varying Size Lead to DNA Methylation Changes That Correspond to Lung Inflammation and Injury in a Mouse
Carbon_nanotube
Study of health and disease within a population
PMID 24189835. Curtin K, Slattery ML, Samowitz WS (2011). "CpG island methylation in colorectal cancer: past, present and future". Pathology Research International
Epidemiology
Behavior of Neanderthal people
believed to affect the neural substrate of language, 11 had different methylation patterns between Neanderthals and modern humans. This could indicate
Neanderthal_behaviour
Type of RNA found in cells
autoimmune disease progression acting as a miRNA sponge which regulates DNA methylation, adaptive immune activation, and costimulatory molecule secretion.
Circular_RNA
Indian academic (born 1973)
cost-effective liquid biopsy approaches, including fragmentomics and DNA methylation. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency
Amit_Dutt
American biologist
Valentini; Pamela A Silver; Margaret S Lee (March 1, 1998). "Arginine methylation facilitates the nuclear export of hnRNP proteins". Genes & Development
Pamela_Silver
Condition of not having enough sleep
Lahtinen A, Sulkava S, Revell VL, et al. (2025). "Daily rhythm in DNA methylation and the effect of total sleep deprivation". Journal of Sleep Research
Sleep_deprivation
Swiss researcher
the first intron of the β-globin gene causes β+-thalassemia and that DNA methylation of promoter sequences prevents gene transcription. In 1983, Busslinger
Meinrad_Busslinger
Overview of the events of 2023 in science
finding both human-like and never-before-seen brain waves. A study shows DNA methylation aging clocks could be useful indicators of health while social factors
January–March_2023_in_science
Ionization technique
It has been applied to the analysis of biomolecules (biopolymers such as DNA, proteins, peptides and carbohydrates) and various organic molecules (such
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
Matrix-assisted_laser_desorption/ionization
Montavon G, et al. (September 2019). "Machine learning analysis of DNA methylation profiles distinguishes primary lung squamous cell carcinomas from head and
Artificial intelligence in healthcare
Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare
Cancer of the throat
PMID 20179236. Ha, Patrick K; Califano, Joseph A (January 2006). "Promoter methylation and inactivation of tumour-suppressor genes in oral squamous-cell carcinoma"
HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer
HPV-positive_oropharyngeal_cancer
Overview of the events of 2022 in science
genome, with such DNA repair- and mutation-biases being associated with various factors. Astronomers report, based on new spatial and dynamical constraints
January–March_2022_in_science
Use of arsenic trioxide as a medication
both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, it can interfere with DNA repair processes by inhibiting enzymes involved in base and nucleotide excision
Arsenic_trioxide_(medication)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
demonstrated by use of several functional assays and cell culture models. DNA profiling by FACS showed that JADE1S depletion facilitated rates of G1-cells accumulation
JADE1
Protein-coding gene in humans
proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding
HOXA9
eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis, as an essential assembly factor and in the methylation of Psi 1191 in yeast 18S rRNA". Nucleic Acids Res. 39 (4): 1526–37. doi:10
Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes
Cluster_of_Excellence_Frankfurt_Macromolecular_Complexes
Mammalian protein found in humans
chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. The homodimer is more potent, but methylation of Leu25 can block the activity of homodimers. IL-8 is a member of the
Interleukin_8
Short non-coding RNA gene
S2CID 4421050. Han L, Witmer PD, Casey E, Valle D, Sukumar S (August 2007). "DNA methylation regulates MicroRNA expression". Cancer Biology & Therapy. 6 (8): 1284–8
Mir-10 microRNA precursor family
Mir-10_microRNA_precursor_family
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