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Theory explaining the origins of the Torah
In biblical studies, the supplementary hypothesis proposes that the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible) was derived from a series of direct
Supplementary_hypothesis
Hypothesis to explain the origins and composition of the Torah
criticisms of the documentary hypothesis. As a result, there has been a revival of interest in "fragmentary" and "supplementary" models, frequently in combination
Documentary_hypothesis
phases. By contrast, scholars such as John Van Seters advocate a supplementary hypothesis, which posits that the Torah is the result of two major additions—Yahwist
Composition_of_the_Torah
Topics referred to by the same term
fragmentary hypothesis may refer to: The fragmentary hypothesis of the Pentateuch as an alternative to the documentary hypothesis or supplementary hypothesis Multi-source
Fragmentary_hypothesis
Theorized original text of the Hebrew Bible
disputed that there ever was such a uniform text. Documentary hypothesis Supplementary hypothesis Q source Geoffrey W. Bromiley et al.: The International Standard
Urtext_(biblical_studies)
First five books of the Hebrew Bible
the second Priestly. By contrast, John Van Seters advocates a supplementary hypothesis, which posits that the Torah was derived from a series of direct
Torah
of the Torah Mosaic authorship Old Testament Documentary hypothesis Supplementary hypothesis New Testament Luke-Acts Johannine works Pauline epistles
Development of the Hebrew Bible canon
Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon
One of the four sources of the Torah in the documentary hypothesis
Cross's study was the beginning of a series of attacks on the documentary hypothesis, continued notably by the work of Hans Heinrich Schmid (The So-called
Priestly_source
Field of theology
employing biblical source criticism, such as the Documentary hypothesis and the Supplementary hypothesis, for constructing modern Jewish theology, including the
Theological_hermeneutics
Authorship of Luke and Acts
Bearbeitung durch Lukas," ThLZ 114 [1989] 705-20). Dibelius accepted the hypothesis of an itinerary source: "It must certainly be assumed that Luke had available
Authorship_of_Luke–Acts
Question in biblical authorship
of the Torah Mosaic authorship Old Testament Documentary hypothesis Supplementary hypothesis New Testament Luke-Acts Johannine works Pauline epistles
Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews
Authorship_of_the_Epistle_to_the_Hebrews
First book of the Bible
the documentary hypothesis until the 1980s. Since then, several variations and revisions have been proposed. The supplementary hypothesis posits three main
Book_of_Genesis
Modern scholarly approaches to biblical authorship and textual composition
century, the documentary hypothesis had gained nearly universal consensus among scholars. According to the documentary hypothesis, the Pentateuch was created
Authorship_of_the_Bible
One of the four sources of the Torah
the authors to write the first five books of the Bible. The documentary hypothesis, that priestly editors wove several independent source narratives into
Jahwist
Belief that the Torah was dictated to Moses by God
identified by the documentary hypothesis were, in fact, pre-exilic; if this were proven, he believed, then the hypothesis itself was dis-proven. The most
Mosaic_authorship
Scholarly study of biblical writings
a pioneer in establishing the final form of the supplementary hypothesis of the documentary hypothesis. A similar view was later advocated by the Primitive
Biblical_criticism
2014 film by Tim Mahoney
compendium of stories from multiple authors (see documentary hypothesis and supplementary hypothesis). Patterns of Evidence: The Moses Controversy was released
Patterns_of_Evidence
employing biblical source criticism, such as the documentary hypothesis and the supplementary hypothesis, for constructing modern Jewish theology, including the
Biblical_hermeneutics
epistles attributed to him without directly writing them. The "secretary" hypothesis is the most common of these, that Peter either dictated to a literate
Authorship of the Petrine epistles
Authorship_of_the_Petrine_epistles
Swiss biblical scholar (1937–2014)
origins, the Documentary Hypothesis. Thus, Schmid significantly contributed to the advancement of the Supplementary hypothesis of Pentateuch composition
Hans_Heinrich_Schmid
German theologian and biblical scholar
historical criticism of the Pentateuch" which prepared the way for the supplementary hypothesis. But he also made valuable contributions to other branches of theology
Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette
Wilhelm_Martin_Leberecht_de_Wette
Canadian religious scholar (1935–2025)
represented a revival of the "supplementary hypothesis" of a previous era of Pentateuchal studies. This literary hypothesis was expanded and defended in
John_Van_Seters
Theory of early hominid migration
likely developed in Africa between 300,000 and 200,000 years ago, with one hypothesis arguing that diverse morphological features of H. sapiens appeared locally
Recent African origin of modern humans
Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans
Midline region in front of the motor cortex of the brain
The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a part of the motor cortex of primates that contributes to the control of movement. It is located on the midline
Supplementary_motor_area
2008 American television program
authors writing over a span of centuries. (See Documentary hypothesis and Supplementary hypothesis.) The early books of the Bible, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus
The_Bible's_Buried_Secrets
Hypothesis in Indo-European historical linguistics
The Armenian hypothesis, also known as the Near Eastern model, is a theory of the Proto-Indo-European homeland, initially proposed by linguists Tamaz V
Armenian_hypothesis
German theologian (1771–1826)
1802 and 1806. This work's primary purpose was to advance the Supplementary Hypothesis against the earlier Documentarian endeavors of Jean Astruc, Johann
Johann_Severin_Vater
2003 book by Richard Elliott Friedman
history that the Supplementary Hypothesis is the 'normal hypothesis' (even within the Pentateuch) and that the Documentary Hypothesis (i.e., the fusion
The Bible with Sources Revealed
The_Bible_with_Sources_Revealed
Book by R. N. Whybray (1987)
known as the Supplementary hypothesis. According to Whybray: "Rendtorff has merely replaced the comparatively simple Documentary Hypothesis which postulated
The_Making_of_the_Pentateuch
Theory of origin of Proto-Indo-Europeans
The Anatolian hypothesis, also known as the Anatolian theory or the sedentary farmer theory, first developed by British archaeologist Colin Renfrew in
Anatolian_hypothesis
Speakers of Austronesian languages
Hmong–Mien and even Japanese-Ryukyuan into the larger Austric hypothesis. While the Austric hypothesis remains contentious, there is genetic evidence that at
Austronesian_peoples
Language branch
legitimate scholarly arguments for both the Insular Celtic hypothesis and the P-/Q-Celtic hypothesis. Proponents of each schema dispute the accuracy and usefulness
Celtic_languages
Geographic region where the proto-Indo-European language originated
culture, lends some plausibility to the Armenian hypothesis. Yet, Haak et al. (2015, p. 138, Supplementary Information) also state that "the question of
Proto-Indo-European_homeland
One of the four sources of the Torah in the documentary hypothesis
According to the documentary hypothesis, the Elohist (or simply E) is one of four source documents underlying the Torah, together with the Jahwist (or
Elohist
Extinct subfamily of carnivores
stages, 35.37—25.9 mya), spanning about 17.37 million years. Including supplementary materials Centered in North America, the radiation of the Nimravinae
Nimravinae
Fringe theory claiming that Jesus did not exist
of proponents of the "Nonexistence Hypothesis" and their arguments, presenting seven arguments against the hypothesis as put forward by Wells and his predecessors
Christ_myth_theory
Migrations out of the Proto-Indo-European homeland
in this movement. According to the widely held Kurgan hypothesis, or renewed Steppe hypothesis, the oldest Indo-European migration split from the earliest
Indo-European_migrations
Grammatical form
participle) (b) the participle used as an obligatory argument of a verb (supplementary participle), (c) the participle as an adverbial satellite of a verbal
Participle_(Ancient_Greek)
Archaeological theory
The two layer hypothesis, or two layer model, argues that Eastern and Southeastern Asia was initially occupied by hunter-gatherer groups considered to
Two_layer_hypothesis
Branch of biology concerning depressive disorders in humans
of the serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR). This hypothesis was widely discussed in both the scientific literature and popular media
Biology_of_depression
Palaeozoic dominance, but dwindled during the Mesozoic. The long-standing hypothesis of brachiopod origins, which has recently come under fire, suggests that
Evolution_of_brachiopods
Attempt to establish the sources used by the authors and redactors of a biblical text
abandoned by many researchers in favor of alternative models such as supplementary, fragmentary, or neo-documentary approaches. The writers of the Tanakh
Source criticism (biblical studies)
Source_criticism_(biblical_studies)
Human hybridization during the Paleolithic
with the CEU..." [1] Archived 7 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine Supplementary Materials for Recovering signals of ghost archaic introgression in African
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans
Linguistic phenomenon
chai-shai (chai means tea, while this phrase means tea or any other supplementary drink or tea along with snacks). Quite common in casual conversations
Reduplication
Hypothesis of cognitive science
The bi-directional hypothesis of language and action proposes that the sensorimotor and language comprehension areas of the brain exert reciprocal influence
Bi-directional hypothesis of language and action
Bi-directional_hypothesis_of_language_and_action
Reconstructed language
found in such dialects. However, Pellard (2021) attempts refutes the hypothesis, citing typological and cross-linguistic reasons. The following consonants
Proto-Ryukyuan_language
Extinct genus of carnivores
million years ago), existing for about 6.2 million years. Including supplementary materials Dinictis was named by American paleontologist Joseph Leidy
Dinictis
Archaeological culture in the Pontic steppe circa 3300 BCE
interest to archaeologists and linguists, as the widely accepted Kurgan hypothesis posits that the people who produced the Yamnaya culture spoke a stage
Yamnaya_culture
Light liquid precipitation
Service Observing Handbook No. 8, Aviation Weather Observations for Supplementary Aviation Weather Reporting Stations (SAWRS), Manual Observations, October
Drizzle
Jewish body of laws
Ethical Decalogue and Covenant Code, others believe was intended as only supplementary to the Holiness Code. Although the majority of the code forms the bulk
Priestly_Code
Alphabet used for writing the Gothic language
corresponding Latin or Greek letters. Miller (2019:25) calls Cercignani's hypothesis of an adapted runic alphabet "not implausible". Snædal (2015:96–97, 104–105)
Gothic_alphabet
Allegory by Plato
Cave'". GameSpace.com. Retrieved 2026-01-07. The following is a list of supplementary scholarly literature on the allegory of the cave that includes articles
Allegory_of_the_cave
Statistical test used on paired nominal data
provides sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis, in favour of the alternative hypothesis that pb ≠ pc, which would mean that the marginal
McNemar's_test
Type of paternal lineage
Mathieson 2018, Supplementary Table 1, Row 467. Mathieson 2018, Supplementary Table 1, Rows 251-272. Jones 2017. Mathieson 2018, Supplementary Table 1, Rows
Haplogroup_R1b
Genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs
animals routinely charging and head-butting each other for dominance). This hypothesis has been disputed in recent years. The genus Tylosteus is synonymous with
Pachycephalosaurus
Dinosaur fossil
unsuited for terrestrial locomotion, thereby reinforcing the now outdated hypothesis that hadrosaurs were aquatic. The impression of a horny beak is also preserved
Edmontosaurus mummy SMF R 4036
Edmontosaurus_mummy_SMF_R_4036
Early Medieval Irish alphabet
international contacts that led to the existence of some of these stones. A third hypothesis, put forward by the noted ogham scholar R. A. S. Macalister was influential
Ogham
Clade of the first four-limbed vertebrates and their descendants
N, Fuss J, Tröscher A, Deane AS, Prieto J, et al. (November 2019). "Supplementary Information: A new Miocene ape and locomotion in the ancestor of great
Tetrapod
Moving behavior of birds
inclines than possible through running alone. The WAIR origin-of-flight hypothesis proposes that the nascent wings of theropod dinosaurs were used to propel
Wing-assisted_incline_running
Extinct genus of bears
1038/s41467-018-07897-1. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6303330. PMID 30575758. Refer Supplementary Table 1 Mitchell, Kieren J.; Bover, Pere; Salis, Alexander T.; Mudge
Arctodus
Furthermore, a direct randomized control trial found no effect of supplementary omega-3 fatty acids in women with postpartum depression. The authors
Evolutionary approaches to postpartum depression
Evolutionary_approaches_to_postpartum_depression
Prehistoric period, first part of the Stone Age
Catherine McCoid and LeRoy McDermott's hypothesis that they were self-portraits of woman artists and R.Dale Gutrie's hypothesis that served as "Stone Age pornography"
Paleolithic
Result concerning ideals of commutative rings
i}I_{j}} , where each of the sets on the right is nonempty by the inductive hypothesis. We can assume z i ∈ I i {\displaystyle z_{i}\in I_{i}} for all i; otherwise
Prime_avoidance_lemma
Extinct genus of saber-toothed cat
The two would therefore have held distinct ecological niches. The supplementary materials of a 2020 study suggested S. gracilis and S. populator had
Smilodon
Extinct genus of dinosauriforms
hypothesis of Baron, Norman & Barrett (2017). Other primitive ornithischians include Eocursor, Trimucrodon, and possibly Fabrosaurus. The hypothesis of
Pisanosaurus
Red dwarf star in the constellation Lynx
can be explained by different processes. The thermally driven mass loss hypothesis predicts that the planets initially form with a gas envelope. Subsequent
LHS_1903
Sexual obsession with Asian people expressed by non-Asians
European Countries". European Sociological Review. 31 (3): 326–341 (see supplementary material, figure A2.2). doi:10.1093/esr/jcu093.
Asian_fetish
Genus of azhdarchid pterosaurs from the Late Cretaceous
storks and ground hornbills. This has been dubbed the terrestrial stalking hypothesis and is thought to be a common feeding behavior among large azhdarchids
Quetzalcoatlus
Ancient script of Central and South Asia
attempts to explain these anomalies by reviving the Greek influence hypothesis, a hypothesis that had previously fallen out of favor. Hartmut Scharfe, in his
Brahmi_script
Indo-European language
findings have also been interpreted as supporting the Graeco-Armenian hypothesis and the emergence of Proto-Armenian in the Armenian Highlands during the
Armenian_language
Large language family of Africa and West Asia
1749-818x.2008.00124.x. Sanker, Chelsea (2023). "Data Limitations and Supplementary Methods in Placing Egyptian". In Almansa-Villatoro, M. Victoria; Štubňová
Afroasiatic_languages
Late Bronze Age Greek civilization
Lazaridis et al. 2022b, Supplementary Materials: Data S1 Skourtanioti et al. 2023, Supplementary information: pp. 11–31, 39–61, Supplementary Table 2 Finley 2002
Mycenaean_Greece
American anthropologist
Indo-European migrations, and has proposed a revised version of the Kurgan hypothesis. Anthony is well known for his award-winning book The Horse, the Wheel
David_W._Anthony
Chronic multi-symptomatic pain disorder
may be similar to those in isolated functional cognitive disorders. One hypothesis is that chronic pain in fibromyalgia compromises attention systems, resulting
Fibromyalgia
measurements to solve certain analytical problems. Hypothesis testing is used when a particular hypothesis about the true state of affairs is made by the
Data_analysis
Labor union activist and laboratory technician (1946-1974)
contained aspects of the Silkwood story. The program's website includes supplementary text about her that was first printed on November 23, 1995 in Los Alamos
Karen_Silkwood
Abnormal condition of the mind
medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortices (MeF/ACC) (Fig. 2A and Supplementary Table S2). Patients had relatively greater GMV than controls in the
Psychosis
Fibrosis of lungs due to unknown causes
early in every patient. In the 2011 IPF guidelines, oxygen therapy, or supplementary oxygen for home use, became a strong recommendation for use in those
Idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis
Genus of theropod dinosaurs
representative of the family Nanotyrannidae, though one phylogenetic hypothesis suggests close relations to Appalachiosaurus and Dryptosaurus within this
Nanotyrannus
Organosulfur chemical compound used as a solvent
carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. There is insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that DMSO has any beneficial effect, and most sources agree that its history
Dimethyl_sulfoxide
Brief statement of information about a book
ancient literature may be found in the compilation The Ancient Near East: Supplementary Texts and Pictures Relating to the Old Testament (2nd ed., 1969). In
Colophon_(publishing)
Scientific hypothesis about inheritance
gave credence to the idea of heritable effects of use and disuse as a supplementary mechanism. Darwin subsequently set out his concept of pangenesis in
Lamarckism
Chemical compound
susceptibility (χ) −132.0·10−6 cm3/mol Pharmacology ATC code N06AX02 (WHO) Supplementary data page Tryptophan (data page) Except where otherwise noted, data
Tryptophan
Parrot endemic to New Zealand
Anchor Island in 2005. A key part of the Recovery Programme is the supplementary feeding of females. Kākāpō breed only once every two to five years,
Kākāpō
Archaeogenetic name for an ancestral genetic component
January 2024. Zhang et al. 2021. Allentoft et al. 2024, pp. 301–311, Supplementary Information: Fig. S3d.16. Admixture graph of deep Eurasian lineages
Ancient_North_Eurasian
Place mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and Quran
were buried in their own homes, no longer to vex Allah's earth. But a supplementary detail is mentioned in [Quran] 26:189, 'the punishment of a day of overshadowing
Midian
King of Denmark, Norway and England (c.995–1035)
region during the late Viking Age. The "Polish princess" link remains a hypothesis rather than an established fact, while the Wendish/Obotrite connection
Cnut
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
tables usually at least show the elements' symbols; many also provide supplementary information about the elements, either via colour-coding or as data
Periodic_table
Extinct genus of carnivores
to 30.5 mya, existing for approximately 5.2 million years. Including supplementary materials The genus currently consists of three named species: H. oharri
Hoplophoneus
Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC
East, Ann Arbor: Cushing Malloy Inc., Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplementary Series Number Eighteen, pp. 67–90, ISBN 978-1-887829-18-2 Kleiner, Diana
Cleopatra
Nomadic Iranic people of the Pontic Steppe
18–26% during later periods (sixth to second century BCE; #2 and #3) (Supplementary Table 7)." Unterländer 2017 Järve 2019. Saag, Lehti; Utevska, Olga;
Scythians
Extinct genus of carnivores
Miocene from 16 to 11.4 mya, existing for 4.6 million years. Including supplementary materials Sansanosmilus is a member of the group of feiliforms known
Sansanosmilus
Study of environmental processes using abundances of isotopes
not expressed during dissolution of sediments. The silicic acid leakage hypothesis (SALH) is a suggested mechanism that aims to explain the atmospheric CO2
Silicon isotope biogeochemistry
Silicon_isotope_biogeochemistry
Millennium Prize Problem
and four unknowns (three scalar velocities and the pressure), then a supplementary equation is needed. This extra equation is the continuity equation for
Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness
Navier–Stokes_existence_and_smoothness
Mental disorder
(rTMS), particularly targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area, effectively reduces obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms
Obsessive–compulsive_disorder
Inscribed clay disc found in Crete, Greece
version 5.1). They are assigned to the range 101D0–101FF in Plane 1 (the Supplementary Multilingual Plane). These characters were encoded with strong left-to-right
Phaistos_Disc
Early history of the Albanians
PMID 25731166. Lazaridis & Alpaslan-Roodenberg 2022: Supplementary Files, Table S1 / Supplementary Materials Lauka, Muhaj & Bojaxhi 2021, p. 91. Aneli
Origin_of_the_Albanians
Atypical antipsychotic medication
is consistent with the hypothesis that aripiprazole has "functionally selective" actions. The "functional-selectivity" hypothesis proposes that a mixture
Aripiprazole
Abstract representation of movement
sequences Brain activation precedes that of movement. For example, the supplementary motor area becomes active one second before voluntary movement. This
Motor_program
Country in South America
means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11
Colombia
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