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Multiple-winner electoral system
variant of block voting. Under both cumulative voting and block voting, a voter casts multiple votes but in the case of cumulative voting, can lump them
Cumulative_voting
Method by which voters make a choice between options
proportional to the way votes were cast. Eight countries use this system. Cumulative voting allows a voter to cast more than one vote for the same candidate
Electoral_system
Method to make collective decisions
candidate, but cumulative voting allows a voter's votes to be piled on to one candidate. With ranked voting, as used in instant-runoff voting system in some
Voting
Collective decision-making procedure
creates voting outcomes more closely aligned with a voter's true relative expected utility between options. Compared to score voting or cumulative voting, where
Quadratic_voting
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
block voting systems that were being used. Cumulative voting, limited voting, supplementary voting (contingent voting), STV, instant-runoff voting, the
Proportional_representation
Electoral systems with independent candidate ratings
voting is the same as for approval voting, and the optimal strategy for cumulative voting is the same as for first-past-the-post. For approval voting
Rated_voting
Multiple-winner electoral system
approval voting (SAV), also known as equal and even cumulative voting, is an electoral system that is a form of multiwinner approval voting as well as
Satisfaction_approval_voting
Document used to cast votes in an election
ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election and may be found as a piece of paper or a small ball used in voting. It was originally a small ball
Ballot
Form of electoral fraud
Family voting is a form of electoral fraud, where family members enter a voting booth together and collude, discuss, or direct voting intentions. Family
Family_voting
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
Ranked voting is any voting system that uses voters' rankings of candidates to choose a single winner or multiple winners. More formally, a ranked vote system
Ranked_voting
Vote supporting only a single candidate
tie nearly caused a constitutional crisis. In systems like cumulative voting, bullet voting is actively encouraged as a way for minority groups to achieve
Bullet_voting
Plurality voting system
single-winner voting rule. Each voter marks one candidate as their favorite, or first-preference, and the candidate with more first-preference votes than any
First-past-the-post_voting
Type of electoral system
Zillante, Arthur (January 2012). "A comparison of cumulative voting and generalized plurality voting". Public Choice. 150 (1–2): 363–383. doi:10.1007/s11127-010-9707-5
Plurality_voting
Practice of requiring all eligible citizens to register and vote in elections
Compulsory voting, also called universal civic duty voting or mandatory voting, is the requirement that registered voters participate in an election.
Compulsory_voting
Lower house of the Illinois General Assembly
(accessed May 28, 2013) "Cumulative Voting – Illinois". November 26, 2008. "FairVote - Illinois' Drive to Revive Cumulative Voting". Archive.fairvote.org
Illinois House of Representatives
Illinois_House_of_Representatives
Invalid ballot that is not counted
In voting, a ballot is not included in the vote count if a law declares or an election authority determines that it is spoilt (chiefly British), spoiled
Spoilt_vote
Choosing a candidate other than preferred to undercut a less desired one
Strategic or tactical voting is voting in consideration of possible ballots cast by other voters in order to maximize one's satisfaction with the election's
Strategic_voting
Paradox of the expected benefit of voting
The paradox of voting, also called Downs' paradox, is that for a rational and egoistic voter (Homo economicus), the costs of voting will normally exceed
Paradox_of_voting
Process by which electors can vote prior to the scheduled election day
Early voting, also called advance polling or pre-poll voting, is a convenience voting process by which voters in a public election can vote before a scheduled
Early_voting
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
Instant-runoff voting (IRV; US/CA: ranked-choice voting (RCV), AU: preferential voting, UK/NZ: alternative vote) is a single-winner ranked voting election system
Instant-runoff_voting
Non-proportional electoral system
non-transferable vote, and block plurality voting, is a type of block voting method for multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number
Plurality_block_voting
(preferential voting; ordinal voting) (allows vote transfers) score (cardinal voting) Decision rule No quotas Plurality (candidate or candidates with most votes wins
List_of_electoral_systems
single non-transferable vote and cumulative voting have also been used since the late 20th century to correct for dilution of voting power and enable minorities
Voting rights in the United States
Voting_rights_in_the_United_States
Voting, election, ballot papers, distributed to electors or returned by post, mail
Postal voting is voting in an election where ballot papers are distributed to electors (and typically returned) by post, in contrast to electors voting in
Postal_voting
Vote cast in an election as a form of political protest
voting takes a variety of forms and reflects numerous voter motivations, including political apathy. Where voting is compulsory, casting a blank vote
Protest_vote
Ballot cast requiring further verification of voter's eligibility
the original on Nov 8, 2006. Retrieved May 10, 2022. Provisional Voting: Fail-Safe Voting or Trapdoor to Disenfranchisement Archived 2008-10-22 at the Wayback
Provisional_ballot
U.S. electoral reform organization
their choice. FairVote advocated for a number of alternative methods, such as ranked choice voting, single voting, and cumulative voting. The City of Palmdale
FairVote
Voting practice supporting one party
dictionary. In political science, straight-ticket voting or straight-party voting refers to the practice of voting for every candidate that a political party
Straight-ticket_voting
Voting system
on to a second election (a second round of voting). The two-round system is in the family of plurality voting systems that also includes single-round plurality
Two-round_system
Multi-issue voting rule
Storable voting is a multi-issue voting rule intended to promote minority rights relative to a simple majority system. Storable voting was the first multi-issue
Storable_votes
Elections where only a part of the body is elected at a time
by the body being represented, but can also minimize the impact of cumulative voting. Many companies use staggered elections as a tool to prevent takeover
Staggered_elections
Illegal campaign method
candidates. Voters may be given money or other rewards for voting in a particular way, or not voting. In some jurisdictions, the offer or giving of other rewards
Vote_buying
Refusal to vote during an election
Member of Parliament may actively abstain by voting both "yes" and "no". This is effectively the same as not voting at all, as the outcome will not be changed
Abstention
Electronic voting systems company
Dominion Voting Systems Corporation was a North American company that produced and sold electronic voting hardware and software, including voting machines
Dominion_Voting_Systems
Voting method in which voters vote openly
An open ballot system is a voting method in which voters vote openly, in contrast to a secret ballot, where a voter's choices are confidential. The open
Open_ballot_system
Electoral or law making voting system
Weighted voting are voting rules that grant some voters a greater influence than others (which contrasts with rules that assign every voter an equal vote). Such
Weighted_voting
Form of voting that allows delegation
Proxy voting is a form of voting whereby a member of a decision-making body may delegate their voting power to a representative, to enable a vote in absence
Proxy_voting
Selection of decision-makers by random sample
voters to study and vote on a public policy, while Deliberative opinion polling invites a random sample to deliberate together before voting on a policy. Andranik
Sortition
Voting for candidates of different parties
straight-ticket voting, where a voter chooses candidates from the same political party for every office up for election. Split-ticket voting can occur in
Split-ticket_voting
Requirement, and process, of a person's enrollment in order to vote in elections
means right to vote while "stemmeplikt" means that voting is compulsory. Peru: voting is obligatory "Requirements for Registration". Vote For Us. 6 November
Voter_registration
Marker to prevent double voting
July 7). The Ink To Prevent Double Voting. https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501320642/video-the-ink-to-prevent-double-voting/ Khmer Times. (2023, July 6). Gov't
Election_ink
County in Alabama, United States
"Cumulative Voting in an Alabama County/ Shaw v. Reno and New Election Systems", "Chapter Three: Full Representation in Local Elections", Voting and
Chilton_County,_Alabama
Place where voters cast their ballots in elections
Voting booths A voting booth or polling booth (in British English) is a room or cabin in a polling station where voters are able to cast their vote in
Polling_station
Type of voting by election mechanism
Electronic voting is voting that uses electronic means to either aid or handle casting and counting ballots including voting time. Depending on the particular
Electronic_voting
Subdivision of an electoral district
A precinct or voting district (U.S. terms), polling district (UK term) or polling division (Canadian term), is a subdivision of an electoral district,
Electoral_precinct
Multi-winner, semi-proportional electoral system
limited voting where each elector has one vote, or as a simple version of single transferable vote where votes are not transferred. Unlike block voting or
Single_non-transferable_vote
List of persons who are eligible to vote in a particular electoral district
entitlement to vote before being permitted to vote. Electoral rolls and voter registration serve a number of functions, especially to streamline voting on election
Electoral_roll
pay state taxes were prevented from voting. Moreover, up until 1962 New Mexico continued suppressing indigenous voting rights on the basis that Native Americans
Native Americans in United States elections
Native_Americans_in_United_States_elections
American politician
Senate, where he was an advocate of proportional representation and cumulative voting, from 1863 to 1869. Buckalew also served three nonconsecutive terms
Charles_R._Buckalew
Politics and government
Lesser-evil voting (LEV) refers to a kind of strategic voting where a voter supports a less-preferred candidate in an election (the "lesser evil") rather
Lesser-evil_voting
Voter behaviour
Issue voting is often contrasted with party voting. A 2010 University of California, Davis study found that voters switch between issue voting and party
Issue_voting
Anonymous voting method
This box is later emptied for counting. An aspect of secret voting is the provision of a voting booth to enable the voter to write on the ballot paper without
Secret_ballot
Single-winner electoral system
Approval voting is a single-winner rated voting system where voters approve of any number of candidates named on a ballot, and the candidate with the most
Approval_voting
Methods of voting on motions
of voting on motions (formal proposal by members of a deliberative assembly that the assembly take certain action). The regular methods of voting in such
Voting methods in deliberative assemblies
Voting_methods_in_deliberative_assemblies
Bicameral legislature of Illinois
vote basis. The state was divided into 59 legislative districts, each of which elected one senator and three representatives. The cumulative voting system
Illinois_General_Assembly
Laws requiring proof of identity to vote
ID was required by 176 countries or jurisdictions for voting as of 2021. In Argentina, voting is compulsory for all citizens between 18 and 70 years
Voter_identification_laws
Shareholder using equity to pressure management
access rule. Votes for the board may be "straight" or "cumulative". In straight voting (aka statutory voting), shareholders get one vote per share on
Shareholder_activism
Village in New York, United States
[when?] Port Chester employed cumulative voting for trustee positions. The decree expired in 2016, and after exploring voting options for elections scheduled
Port_Chester,_New_York
Method of vote rigging
Carousel voting (in Russian карусель (karusel, "carousel")) is a method of vote rigging in elections, used particularly in Russia and Serbia, whereby "busloads
Carousel_voting
Multiple-winner electoral system
Limited voting (also known as partial block voting) is a voting system in which electors have fewer votes than there are positions available. The positions
Limited_voting
Type of multi-winner plurality/majority electoral system
where the voting system allows for the selection of multiple winners at once. Block voting falls under the multiple non-transferable vote category, a
Block_voting
Type of mixed electoral system
Germany, citizens gave only one vote, so that voting for a representative automatically meant also voting for the representative's party, which is still
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Electoral list strategy
that candidate to receive votes on multiple party lines in the same election. Electoral fusion is also known as fusion voting, cross endorsement, multiple
Electoral fusion in the United States
Electoral_fusion_in_the_United_States
Mixed electoral system with compensation
The alternative vote plus (AV+), or alternative vote top-up, is a semi-proportional voting system. AV+ was devised by the 1998 Jenkins Commission which
Alternative_vote_plus
extremely low probability of a single vote determining an election will be outweighed by the large cumulative benefits society will receive from the
Altruism_theory_of_voting
Representative subdivisions
magnitude of 1 mostly use plurality voting in single-member districts (first-past-the-post voting) but instant-runoff voting or the two-round system is used
Electoral_district
Amendment to the Illinois Constitution
districts in the Illinois House of Representatives and the process of cumulative voting on November 4, 1980 election. Before the amendment, the Illinois General
Cutback_Amendment
Voting, election, ballot papers, voted other than at an assigned polling place, mail
Early voting overlaps with absentee voting. Early voting includes votes cast before the official election day(s), by mail, online or in-person at voting centers
Absentee_ballot
Vote share required for representation
representation through ranked voting in multi-seat (as opposed to single seat) organizations or constituencies (voting districts). Ranked voting systems are widely
Electoral_threshold
When two people commit to voting in a mutually agreed way
Vote swapping, also called co-voting or vote pairing or vote trading, is an informal strategic agreement between two voters to "exchange" their votes
Vote_swapping
Type of cast ballot in ranked voting
donkeywise. Donkey votes are most common where preference voting is combined with compulsory voting, such as in Australia, particularly where all candidates
Donkey_vote
Tendency for a popular candidate to attract votes for other candidates of the same party
box at the top, which encouraged straight-party voting and the coattails effect. Straight-party voting was the norm, and winners in presidential elections
Coattail_effect
to a new cumulative voting system. Voters were asked "Are you in favor of a change from proportional representation type of system of voting to a new
1982 Norfolk Island electoral system referendum
1982_Norfolk_Island_electoral_system_referendum
Point-based ranked voting system
respect, it is similar to other ranked voting systems such as instant-runoff voting, the single transferable vote or Condorcet methods. The integer-valued
Borda_count
Single-winner ranked-voting electoral system
other ranked-vote systems – such as single transferable voting (STV), instant-runoff voting (IRV), Coombs' method, and Baldwin's method – allow for many
Contingent_vote
United States federal law
After Congress enacted the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to address rampant voting discrimination against racial minorities, voting rights advocates argued for
National Voter Registration Act of 1993
National_Voter_Registration_Act_of_1993
Indifference towards politics
votes, where a voter does not receive representation in the final election outcome. strategic voting, where the electoral system incentivizes voting for
Political_apathy
Explicit option to not cast a vote
ballot to be refused on the grounds that no party satisfies the elector's vote. Declined ballots are only legislated in the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba
Refused_ballot
Property of electoral systems
Plurality voting Instant-runoff voting Borda count Approval Voting Coombs' rule Bucklin voting (and the closely related median voting) Score Voting With plurality
Condorcet_winner
Mass abstention by a group of voters during an election
compulsory voting, a boycott may amount to an act of civil disobedience; alternatively, supporters of the boycott may be able to cast blank votes or vote for
Election_boycott
Voting systems using paired comparisons
Round-robin, paired comparison, or tournament voting methods, are a set of ranked voting systems that choose winners by comparing every pair of candidates
Round-robin_voting
Single-winner rated voting system
Score voting, sometimes called range voting, is an electoral system for single-seat elections. Voters give each candidate a numerical score, and the candidate
Score_voting
Ballot option to not vote for any candidate
"scratch" vote, is a ballot option in some jurisdictions or organizations, designed to allow the voter to indicate disapproval of the candidates in a voting system
None_of_the_above
Political term
the system set up by Proposition 14, there are two rounds of voting, and the top two vote-getters for each race in the first round (the primary) advance
Write-in_candidate
require a certification of voting machines. In the United States there is only a voluntary federal certification for voting machines and each state has
Certification of voting machines
Certification_of_voting_machines
Process enabling individuals to offer and demand goods
different from voting systems. A market system relies on buyers and sellers being constantly involved and unequally enabled; in a voting system, candidates
Market_system
Polling place serving multiple precincts
In the United States of America, a vote center, sometimes known as a super precinct, is a polling place that combines multiple precincts allowing voters
Vote_center
English barrister (1832–1884)
systems Single non-transferable vote Cumulative voting Binomial system Party-list Single transferable voting Spare vote Mixed-member systems Mixed-member
Henry_Richmond_Droop
Relationship between social class and voting behavior
Class voting is the relationship between social class and voting behavior. The concept is central in political sociology, as political parties are seen
Class_voting
Preference lists submitted by political parties
A group voting ticket (GVT) is a shortcut for voters in a preferential voting system, where a voter can indicate support for a list of candidates instead
Group_voting_ticket
Process by which a population chooses the holder of a public office
majority from voting. All jurisdictions require a minimum age for voting. In Australia, Aboriginal people were not given the right to vote until 1962 (see
Election
Decision rule that selects alternatives that have a majority
the majority rule is the plurality-rule family of voting rules, which includes ranked choice voting (RCV), two-round plurality, and first-preference plurality
Majority_rule
Type of voting rules for an election
The highest median voting rules are a class of graded voting rules where the candidate with the highest median rating is elected. The various highest
Highest_median_voting_rules
List of candidates for an elected position
how many seats are up, where elections are done via plurality-at-large voting. Parties and coalitions issue sample ballots to prospective voters that
Slate_(elections)
Pairwise-comparison electoral system
the original on 2022-09-14. then the vote shall be performed using either a Condorcet voting system or a score voting system, as the participants shall decide
Condorcet_method
did in the cumaltive vote of Cook County and the collar counties, while Stevenson inversely performed stronger in the cumulative vote of Cook County and
1982 Illinois gubernatorial election
1982_Illinois_gubernatorial_election
Multi-winner electoral system
ticket voting. In Ireland and Malta, surplus votes are transferred as whole votes (there may be some randomness) and neither allows ticket voting. In Hare–Clark
Single_transferable_vote
Collecting absentee or mail-in ballots
consultant Rachel Rodriguez for election fraud, illegal voting, unlawfully assisting people voting by mail, and unlawfully possessing an official ballot
Ballot_collecting
Spoiled vote in an election
plurality voting system or limited voting is always illegal, in certain other electoral methods including approval voting, this style of voting is valid
Overvote
Dutch political term
but without a special term. As some local elections in Germany have cumulative voting and panachage the last place on the party list is sometimes given
Lijstduwer
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