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Voter behaviour
The term issue voting describes when voters cast their vote in elections based on political issues. In the context of an election, issues include "any
Issue_voting
Social choice problem
Multi-issue voting is a setting in which several issues have to be decided by voting. Multi-issue voting raises several considerations, that are not relevant
Multi-issue_voting
Method to make collective decisions
decision-making procedure description. Research on herd animal voting behaviours show that voting can be emergent in groups as a signalling system mechanism
Voting
Model simulating voters in an election
ideological or ideal-point) model of voting, also known as the Hotelling–Downs model, is a mathematical model of voting behavior. It describes voters and
Spatial_voting
Political campaigning or support based on one policy goal
legalization. The Approval Voting Party is focused on the implementation of Approval Voting. In Australia, a number of single-issue parties have been elected
Single-issue_politics
Form of electoral fraud
Family voting is a form of electoral fraud, where family members enter a voting booth together and collude, discuss, or direct voting intentions. Family
Family_voting
Multi-issue voting rule
Storable voting is a multi-issue voting rule intended to promote minority rights relative to a simple majority system. Storable voting was the first multi-issue
Storable_votes
Practice of requiring all eligible citizens to register and vote in elections
Compulsory voting, also called universal civic duty voting or mandatory voting, is the requirement that registered voters participate in an election.
Compulsory_voting
Refusal to vote during an election
Member of Parliament may actively abstain by voting both "yes" and "no". This is effectively the same as not voting at all, as the outcome will not be changed
Abstention
Illegal campaign method
candidates. Voters may be given money or other rewards for voting in a particular way, or not voting. In some jurisdictions, the offer or giving of other rewards
Vote_buying
Voting practice supporting one party
dictionary. In political science, straight-ticket voting or straight-party voting refers to the practice of voting for every candidate that a political party
Straight-ticket_voting
Collective decision-making procedure
Quadratic voting (QV) is a voting system that encourages voters to express their true relative intensity of preference (utility) between multiple options
Quadratic_voting
Voting, election, ballot papers, distributed to electors or returned by post, mail
Postal voting is voting in an election where ballot papers are distributed to electors (and typically returned) by post, in contrast to electors voting in
Postal_voting
Process by which electors can vote prior to the scheduled election day
Early voting, also called advance polling or pre-poll voting, is a convenience voting process by which voters in a public election can vote before a scheduled
Early_voting
Choosing a candidate other than preferred to undercut a less desired one
Strategic or tactical voting is voting in consideration of possible ballots cast by other voters in order to maximize one's satisfaction with the election's
Strategic_voting
Political issue with broad voter consensus
according to valence issues. The valence issue concept originates from Donald Stokes’s critical review of Anthony Downs’s theory of voting behavior which analogues
Valence_issue
Vote cast in an election as a form of political protest
voting takes a variety of forms and reflects numerous voter motivations, including political apathy. Where voting is compulsory, casting a blank vote
Protest_vote
Type of voting by election mechanism
Electronic voting is voting that uses electronic means to either aid or handle casting and counting ballots including voting time. Depending on the particular
Electronic_voting
Paradox of the expected benefit of voting
The paradox of voting, also called Downs' paradox, is that for a rational and egoistic voter (Homo economicus), the costs of voting will normally exceed
Paradox_of_voting
preferential voting), and compulsory voting has resulted - since they were introduced in 1983. This results in the near 95% usage of partisan group voting tickets
Issues affecting the single transferable vote
Issues_affecting_the_single_transferable_vote
American political party
The Approval Voting Party (AVP) is a single-issue American political party dedicated to implementing approval voting in the United States. In 2019, the
Approval_Voting_Party
Group of voters motivated by a common concern
each of these groups votes en bloc in elections. Bloc voting in the United States is particularly cohesive among Orthodox Jews. Voting blocs can be defined
Voting_bloc
Electronic voting by country varies and may include voting machines in polling places, centralized tallying of paper ballots, and internet voting. Many countries
Electronic_voting_by_country
Politics and government
Lesser-evil voting (LEV) refers to a kind of strategic voting where a voter supports a less-preferred candidate in an election (the "lesser evil") rather
Lesser-evil_voting
Place where voters cast their ballots in elections
Voting booths A voting booth or polling booth (in British English) is a room or cabin in a polling station where voters are able to cast their vote in
Polling_station
Invalid ballot that is not counted
In voting, a ballot is not included in the vote count if a law declares or an election authority determines that it is spoilt (chiefly British), spoiled
Spoilt_vote
Method of vote rigging
Carousel voting (in Russian карусель (karusel, "carousel")) is a method of vote rigging in elections, used particularly in Russia and Serbia, whereby "busloads
Carousel_voting
US political parties other than the two major parties
choice voting. As of March 2026, ranked-choice voting has also been banned in nineteen states. Complexity, cost, difficulty of voting, and issues of transparency
Third_party_(U.S._politics)
Process by which a population chooses the holder of a public office
majority from voting. All jurisdictions require a minimum age for voting. In Australia, Aboriginal people were not given the right to vote until 1962 (see
Election
Subdivision of an electoral district
precinct feel about candidates and issues, and encourage people to vote. "Geographic Terms and Concepts - Voting Districts". US Census Bureau. Retrieved
Electoral_precinct
Divisive political or social issue
poll Salami tactics Third rail (politics) Valence issue Issue Voting Seo, Jungkun. (2010). “Wedge-issue dynamics and party position shifts: Chinese exclusion
Wedge_issue
single non-transferable vote and cumulative voting have also been used since the late 20th century to correct for dilution of voting power and enable minorities
Voting rights in the United States
Voting_rights_in_the_United_States
Preference lists submitted by political parties
A group voting ticket (GVT) is a shortcut for voters in a preferential voting system, where a voter can indicate support for a list of candidates instead
Group_voting_ticket
Voting for candidates of different parties
straight-ticket voting, where a voter chooses candidates from the same political party for every office up for election. Split-ticket voting can occur in
Split-ticket_voting
many votes they picked up in a particular area, or even a particular street. The planned introduction in the Republic of Ireland of electronic voting for
Tally_(voting)
Situation in social choice theory
in advance what issues will have to be decided, or even how many voting periods there will be. Still, it is desired that the voting outcomes satisfy
Perpetual_voting
irrationality Voting behavior Voting system Edlin, Aaron, Andrew Gelman, and Noah Kaplan. "Voting as a Rational Choice: Why and How People Vote To Improve
Altruism_theory_of_voting
Voting system
"ADDER voting system" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-03-27. Retrieved 2012-07-12. "Helios Voting". vote.heliosvoting.org. "Wombat Voting System"
End-to-end_auditable_voting
Document used to cast votes in an election
ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election and may be found as a piece of paper or a small ball used in voting. It was originally a small ball
Ballot
Exchange of favors in voting, usually informally
Vote trading is the practice of voting in the manner another person wishes on a bill, position on a more general issue, or favored candidate in exchange
Vote_trading
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
Ranked voting is any voting system that uses voters' rankings of candidates to choose a single winner or multiple winners. More formally, a ranked vote system
Ranked_voting
Stockholders' voting power
Voting interest (or voting power) in business and accounting means the total number, or percent, of votes entitled to be cast on the issue at the time
Voting_interest
Voting that does not occur on the day of the election at the voting precinct
Convenience voting is any form of voting that does not occur on the day of the election at the voting precinct. This may involve changing the timing of voting so
Convenience_voting
Right to vote in public and political elections
suffrage". In most democracies, eligible voters can vote in elections for representatives. Voting on issues by referendum (direct democracy) may also be available
Suffrage
Relationship between social class and voting behavior
Class voting is the relationship between social class and voting behavior. The concept is central in political sociology, as political parties are seen
Class_voting
Tactical voting strategy
Smart Voting (Russian: Умное голосование, romanized: Umnoye golosovaniye) is a tactical voting strategy put forward by the team of Alexei Navalny with
Smart_Voting
A voting plan or voting rights plan is one of five main types of poison pills that a target firm can issue against hostile takeover attempts. These plans
Voting_plan
Ballot cast requiring further verification of voter's eligibility
the original on Nov 8, 2006. Retrieved May 10, 2022. Provisional Voting: Fail-Safe Voting or Trapdoor to Disenfranchisement Archived 2008-10-22 at the Wayback
Provisional_ballot
Method by which voters make a choice between options
plurality block voting may elect members of just one party so may be considered winner-take-all. In party block voting, voters can only vote for the list
Electoral_system
Requirement, and process, of a person's enrollment in order to vote in elections
electoral roll eliminating any risk of double voting. Government-issued ID is required to vote. Voting is not compulsory. Voter registration in Sweden
Voter_registration
Multi-winner electoral system
ticket voting. In Ireland and Malta, surplus votes are transferred as whole votes (there may be some randomness) and neither allows ticket voting. In Hare–Clark
Single_transferable_vote
When two people commit to voting in a mutually agreed way
Vote swapping, also called co-voting or vote pairing or vote trading, is an informal strategic agreement between two voters to "exchange" their votes
Vote_swapping
Anonymous voting method
This box is later emptied for counting. An aspect of secret voting is the provision of a voting booth to enable the voter to write on the ballot paper without
Secret_ballot
Strategic voting system
Two vote management systems exist in STV. Vote equalisation works for all systems except those that allow group voting (above the line voting). The
Vote_management
Type of proxy voting on behalf of children
Demeny voting, also called parental voting or family voting, is a type of proxy voting which allows parents or guardians to vote on the behalf of children
Demeny_voting
Multiple-winner electoral system
variant of block voting. Under both cumulative voting and block voting, a voter casts multiple votes but in the case of cumulative voting, can lump them
Cumulative_voting
Political term
the system set up by Proposition 14, there are two rounds of voting, and the top two vote-getters for each race in the first round (the primary) advance
Write-in_candidate
Form of voting that allows delegation
Proxy voting is a form of voting whereby a member of a decision-making body may delegate their voting power to a representative, to enable a vote in absence
Proxy_voting
Voting, election, ballot papers, voted other than at an assigned polling place, mail
Early voting overlaps with absentee voting. Early voting includes votes cast before the official election day(s), by mail, online or in-person at voting centers
Absentee_ballot
Illegal interference with the process of an election
electoral fraud. Preferential voting systems such as score voting and single transferable vote, and in some cases, instant-runoff voting, can reduce the impact
Electoral_fraud
Lying about which of two candidates is preferred
many voting rules creates incentives for dishonesty among voters. First-preference methods like first-past-the-post and ranked-choice runoff voting (RCV)
Insincere_voting
Electoral or law making voting system
Weighted voting are voting rules that grant some voters a greater influence than others (which contrasts with rules that assign every voter an equal vote). Such
Weighted_voting
require a certification of voting machines. In the United States there is only a voluntary federal certification for voting machines and each state has
Certification of voting machines
Certification_of_voting_machines
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) is a United States federal law dealing with elections and voting rights for United States citizens
Voting_in_Guam
Type of cast ballot in ranked voting
donkeywise. Donkey votes are most common where preference voting is combined with compulsory voting, such as in Australia, particularly where all candidates
Donkey_vote
Voting method in which voters vote openly
An open ballot system is a voting method in which voters vote openly, in contrast to a secret ballot, where a voter's choices are confidential. The open
Open_ballot_system
Representative subdivisions
magnitude of 1 mostly use plurality voting in single-member districts (first-past-the-post voting) but instant-runoff voting or the two-round system is used
Electoral_district
Machine used to vote in elections
electronic voting machines. Traditionally, a voting machine has been defined by its mechanism, and whether the system tallies votes at each voting location
Voting_machine
Process of counting votes in an election
often as needed, before casting the vote. Staff initialize each voter once on the machine, to avoid repeat voting. Voting data and ballot images are recorded
Vote_counting
Collecting absentee or mail-in ballots
consultant Rachel Rodriguez for election fraud, illegal voting, unlawfully assisting people voting by mail, and unlawfully possessing an official ballot
Ballot_collecting
Lawmakers voting on others' behalf
Piano voting, also known as ghost voting, is the practice of a legislator voting for an absent one, either with or without their consent. Piano voting is
Piano_voting
Single-winner electoral system
Approval voting is a single-winner rated voting system where voters approve of any number of candidates named on a ballot, and the candidate with the most
Approval_voting
Voting trends during elections in the United States
The Latino vote refers to the voting trends during elections in the United States by eligible voters of Latino background. This phrase is usually mentioned
Latino_vote
electoral votes in the election of the president and vice president. The District's lack of voting representation in Congress has been an issue since the
District of Columbia federal voting rights
District_of_Columbia_federal_voting_rights
Mass abstention by a group of voters during an election
compulsory voting, a boycott may amount to an act of civil disobedience; alternatively, supporters of the boycott may be able to cast blank votes or vote for
Election_boycott
American non-partisan, non-profit organization
other possible nominees inferred from voting records, bill sponsorships, and other public statements. On the Issues launched an app on the iTunes store
On_the_Issues
Decision-making and opinion polling conducted by telephone
Televoting (also telephone voting, phone voting, and call-in voting) is a method of decision making and opinion polling conducted by telephone. Televoting
Televoting
Cause of lower voter participation
of voting can also be confusing or challenging. In the U.S., the Cost of Voting Index estimates how difficult it is to vote (and register to vote) in
Voter_fatigue
Vote share required for representation
representation through ranked voting in multi-seat (as opposed to single seat) organizations or constituencies (voting districts). Ranked voting systems are widely
Electoral_threshold
US non-profit, non-partisan organization
officials in six basic areas: background information, issue positions (via the Political Courage Test), voting records, campaign finances, interest group ratings
Vote_Smart
US federal legislation
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark U.S. federal statute that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon
Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965
particular voter Shakuni Rani voting twice, and said that a preliminary enquiry conducted by the office confirmed that she only voted once. It further stated
2025 Indian electoral controversy
2025_Indian_electoral_controversy
17-Year-Olds to Vote in Primaries Amendment (2024)". "Idaho HJR5, Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)". "Wisconsin Citizenship Voting Requirement
Non-citizen suffrage in the United States
Non-citizen_suffrage_in_the_United_States
Japanese girl group
Issue (Japanese: イッシュ, Hepburn: Isshu; stylized as IS:SUE) is a Japanese girl group consisting of former Produce 101 Japan The Girls contestants. The
Issue_(group)
Electoral list strategy
that candidate to receive votes on multiple party lines in the same election. Electoral fusion is also known as fusion voting, cross endorsement, multiple
Electoral fusion in the United States
Electoral_fusion_in_the_United_States
and Voting Isle of Man. "Notice of Result Douglas South" (PDF). Elections and Voting Isle of Man. "Notice of Result Garff" (PDF). Elections and Voting Isle
2026_Manx_general_election
Referendum
affidavit in order to vote. Issue 3 would enshrine the current laws by amending the Ohio constitution to require photo ID for in-person voting and either photo
2026_Ohio_Issue_3
How voters decide how to vote
other psychological factors. Voting advice applications and avoidance of wasted votes through strategic voting can impact voting behavior. Citizens are not
Voting_behavior
List of candidates for an elected position
are up, where elections are done via plurality-at-large voting. Parties and coalitions issue sample ballots to prospective voters that show the candidates
Slate_(elections)
Marker to prevent double voting
July 7). The Ink To Prevent Double Voting. https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501320642/video-the-ink-to-prevent-double-voting/ Khmer Times. (2023, July 6). Gov't
Election_ink
Direct vote on a specific proposal
ballot measure is a direct vote by the electorate (rather than their representatives) on a proposal, law, or political issue. A referendum may be either
Referendum
Issue yield theory
science, Issue Yield refers to Issue Yield theory or its derived Issue Yield index. Issue Yield theory was developed to explain party strategy and voting behavior
Issue_Yield
Single-winner electoral system
Preliminary version in Voting Matters, 17:9-19, 2003. Douglas R. Woodall, Properties of Preferential Election Rules, Voting Matters, issue 3, pages 8–15, December
Schulze_method
Problem that influences a considerable number of individuals within a society
and voting. In this case "social issue" does not necessarily refer to an ill to be solved, but rather a topic to be discussed. Personal issues are those
Social_issue
Overview of topic
Postal voting in the United States, also referred to as mail-in voting or vote by mail, is a form of absentee ballot in the United States. A ballot is
Postal voting in the United States
Postal_voting_in_the_United_States
that had protected minority voting rights for 6 decades". AP News. Voting rights experts said the ruling leaves the Voting Rights Act only a shell of what
2026_United_States_elections
Voting systems that do not disclose their methods
Black box voting is any system of voting on voting machines which does not disclose how the system operates, such as systems based on closed source software
Black_box_voting
System of voting in government elections via the Internet in Estonia
of the total votes were cast over the internet. The term Power voting (or e-voting) can refer to both fixed voting locations (as in voting booths) and
Electronic_voting_in_Estonia
List of persons who are eligible to vote in a particular electoral district
entitlement to vote before being permitted to vote. Electoral rolls and voter registration serve a number of functions, especially to streamline voting on election
Electoral_roll
Plurality voting system
single-winner voting rule. Each voter marks one candidate as their favorite, or first-preference, and the candidate with more first-preference votes than any
First-past-the-post_voting
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ISSUE VOTING
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