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Encoding method used on early floppy and hard disk drives
Frequency modulation encoding, or simply FM, is a method of storing data that saw widespread use in early floppy disk drives and hard disk drives. The
Frequency_modulation_encoding
Line code used in early magnetic data storage
Modified frequency modulation (MFM) is a run-length limited (RLL) line code used to encode data on most floppy disks and some hard disk drives. It was
Modified_frequency_modulation
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
Frequency modulation (FM) is a signal modulation technique used in electronic communication, originally for transmitting messages with a radio wave. In
Frequency_modulation
Self-synchronizing line code
Differential Manchester encoding (DM) is a line code in digital frequency modulation in which data and clock signals are combined to form a single two-level
Differential Manchester encoding
Differential_Manchester_encoding
Represents an analog signal using only two levels
Pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) is a modulation method for representing an analog signal using only two levels (1 and 0). It is analogous to pulse-width
Pulse-frequency_modulation
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
carrier wave. Phase modulation is one of the two principal forms of angle modulation, together with frequency modulation. In phase modulation, the instantaneous
Phase_modulation
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
low-frequency radio waves, wavelength is on the scale of kilometers and building such a large antenna is not practical. Another purpose of modulation is
Signal_modulation
Pattern used within a communications system to represent digital data
Modified frequency modulation, Miller encoding and delay encoding Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) Non-return-to-zero, inverted (NRZI) Pulse-position modulation (PPM)
Line_code
Digital representation of sampled analog signals
quality compared to the previous frequency-division multiplexing schemes. In 1973, adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (ADPCM) was developed, by P
Pulse-code_modulation
Method for converting signals between digital and analog
sigma–delta, ΣΔ) modulation is an oversampling method for encoding signals into low bit depth digital signals at a very high sample-frequency as part of the
Delta-sigma_modulation
Form of signal modulation
Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) is a form of signal modulation in which the message information is encoded in the amplitude of a pulse train interrupting
Pulse-amplitude_modulation
Representation of a signal as a rectangular wave with varying duty cycle
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), is any method of representing a signal as
Pulse-width_modulation
Form of modulation
specific amplitude values are not encoded into codewords of pulses of different weights as they would be in pulse-code modulation (PCM); rather, the relative
Pulse-density_modulation
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), and is based on altering the frequency or the phase, respectively, of a carrier signal to encode the message
Angle_modulation
Technique used to encode voices in telephony
GameCube supports ADPCM encoding on 64 simultaneous audio channels. Audio coding format Audio data compression Pulse-code modulation (PCM) Ken C. Pohlmann
Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
Adaptive_differential_pulse-code_modulation
Family of digital modulation methods
Another key property is that the modulations are low-frequency/low-bandwidth waveforms compared to the carrier frequency, which is known as the narrowband
Quadrature amplitude modulation
Quadrature_amplitude_modulation
Line code used in early magnetic data storage and Ethernet
storage, Manchester code (also known as phase encoding, or bi-phase code) is a line code in which the encoding of each data bit is either low then high, or
Manchester_code
Form of signal modulation using time shifts
Pulse-position modulation (PPM) is a form of signal modulation in which M message bits are encoded by transmitting a single pulse in one of 2 M {\displaystyle
Pulse-position_modulation
Rate of modulation of a digital signal
same frequency, but can be in one of two phases. During each symbol, the phase either remains the same, encoding a 0, or jumps by 180°, encoding a 1.
Symbol_rate
Data format used for audio compact discs
100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution) using modified frequency modulation encoding. In September 1978, Sony demonstrated an optical digital audio
Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio
Method for modulation of data
special case of analog frequency modulation. FSK is a method of modulating digital data onto a sinusoidal carrier wave, encoding the information present in
Continuous_phase_modulation
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
telecommunications, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of digital transmission used in digital modulation for encoding digital (binary) data
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Data communications modulation protocol
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the
Frequency-shift_keying
Signal conversion technique
differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) where the difference between successive samples is encoded into n-bit data streams. In delta modulation, the transmitted
Delta_modulation
ITU-T recommendation
G.711, Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies, is a narrowband audio codec originally designed for use in telephony that provides toll-quality
G.711
Radio modulation design
Galileo and is a square sub-carrier modulation, where a signal is multiplied by a rectangular sub-carrier of frequency f sc {\displaystyle f_{\text{sc}}}
Binary offset carrier modulation
Binary_offset_carrier_modulation
Type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying
In digital modulation, minimum-shift keying (MSK) is a type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that was developed in the late 1950s by Collins
Minimum-shift_keying
Type of data encoding
is a digital modulation process which conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a constant frequency carrier wave. The modulation is accomplished
Phase-shift_keying
Digital optical disc data storage format
100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution) using modified frequency modulation encoding. In September 1978, Sony demonstrated an optical digital audio
Compact_disc
Floppy disk or optical disk drive made by Apple
possible as the SuperDrive now utilitized the same MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation) encoding scheme used by the IBM PC, yet still retained backward compatibility
SuperDrive
Signal able to be decoded without an outside source of synchronization
(PDH) signals Eight-to-fourteen modulation (EFM) 4B5B 8b/10b encoding 64b/66b encoding HDLC Modified frequency modulation (MFM) Anisochronous Morse code
Self-clocking_signal
Type of amplitude-shift keying modulation
is analogous to unipolar encoding line code. On–off keying is most commonly used to transmit Morse code over radio frequencies (referred to as CW (continuous
On–off_keying
Radio transmission of audio by frequency modulation
FM broadcasting is a radio broadcasting method that uses frequency modulation (FM) transmissions. In November 1919, Hans Idzerda began broadcasts, using
FM_broadcasting
Color encoding system for analogue television
PAL (an acronym for Phase Alternating Line) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of the three major analogue colour television
PAL
Information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth
undersampling or a superheterodyne receiver), with upper cut-off frequency W/2. If double-sideband modulation schemes such as QAM, ASK, PSK or OFDM are used, this
Spectral_efficiency
DC-free run-length limited line code used by several optical disc formats
Eight-to-fourteen modulation (EFM) is a data encoding technique – formally, a line code – used by compact discs (CD), laserdiscs (LD) and pre-Hi-MD MiniDiscs
Eight-to-fourteen_modulation
Communications protocol standard in FM radio broadcasts
transmitted the same radio programme on a number of different frequencies. The modulation system was based on that used in a Swedish paging system and
Radio_Data_System
Coding technique in communication technology
refer to more elaborate encodings, but the original Frequency Modulation code, also called differential Manchester encoding, can be seen as a degenerate
Run-length_limited
Emergency aeronautical frequency
The aircraft emergency frequency (also known in the USA as Guard) is a frequency used on the aircraft band reserved for emergency communications for aircraft
Aircraft_emergency_frequency
1980s analog high-definition television standard
but NHK abandoned all composite encoding systems. Because of the use of satellite transmission, Frequency modulation (FM) should be used with power-limitation
Multiple Sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding
Multiple_Sub-Nyquist_Sampling_Encoding
Compact encoding of digital data
data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction is the process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. Any particular
Data_compression
German longwave time signal radio station
to amplitude modulation, phase modulation makes better use of the available frequency spectrum and results in a more precise low frequency time distribution
DCF77
Line code in which the signal value returns to zero between each pulse
amplitude in pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), zero phase shift in phase-shift keying (PSK), or mid-frequency in frequency-shift keying (FSK). That "zero"
Return-to-zero
also called amplitude modulation equivalent (AME) Frequency modulation (FM) Phase modulation (PM) Digital voice modes encode speech into a data stream
List_of_amateur_radio_modes
Lossy audio coding technique
algorithms including MP3. The simplest way to digitally encode audio signals is pulse-code modulation (PCM), which is used on audio CDs, DAT recordings, and
Sub-band_coding
Digital audio format
reservoir increases encoding delay.There is no scale factor band 21 (sfb21) for frequencies above approx 16 kHz, forcing the encoder to choose between less
MP3
Extracting timing information in serial communication
Recovery 64B/66B encoding 8B/10B encoding B8ZS encoding Burst mode clock and data recovery Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation HDB3 encoding Jitter Line code
Clock_recovery
Computer bus used for data storage systems
(Modified Frequency Modulation) for the data encoding method. ST412, an ST-506 variant was available in either MFM or RLL (Run-Length Limited) encoding variants
Hard_disk_drive_interface
American longwave time signal radio station
shortwave radio frequencies. WWVB is not an acronym or abbreviation but a call sign for the radio station. While most time signals encode the local time
WWVB
Time between start and end of a pulse
pulse width to produce the desired signal, a concept known as pulse-width modulation. "How To Measure Pulse Width & Duty Cycle" (PDF). Archived from the original
Pulse_width
Measurement of a signal at discrete time intervals
nonlinear function. Digital audio systems typically employ pulse-code modulation (PCM) to encode sound as a series of discrete samples of the electrical level
Sampling_(signal_processing)
wobble frequency of 817.4 kHz, but encodes its addressing information by periodically inverting the phase of the wobble signal (bi-phase modulation) to encode
Wobble_frequency
Transmission of information electromagnetically
several different modulation schemes available to achieve this [two of the most basic being amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM)]. An example
Telecommunications
Encoding methods for representing data on magnetic media
according to differential Manchester encoding or (digital) FM (frequency modulation). Known as 4-and-4 encoding, the resulting Apple implementation allowed
Group_coded_recording
Group of video-transmitting modulation modes
efficiently through long distances. In general, video modulation means that a higher frequency carrier wave is modified according to the original video
Video_modulation
Device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information
with one-time pad and encoded the digital data as tones using frequency shift keying (FSK). This was also a digital modulation technique, making this
Modem
codes that use ternary signals are: hybrid ternary code bipolar encoding MLT-3 encoding used in 100BASE-TX Ethernet B3ZS 4B3T used in some ISDN basic rate
Ternary_signal
IEC standard
13.56 MHz (RFID HF). The main differences between these types concern modulation methods, coding schemes (Part 2) and protocol initialization procedures
ISO/IEC_14443
Commercial modem
in 1959, shortly after AT&T's Bell Labs announced their 110 baud modulation frequencies. The Bell 101 allowed digital data to be transmitted over regular
Bell_101
International standard
S-FSK (spread frequency-shift keying) is a modulation scheme that combines some of the advantages of classical spread-spectrum modulation (immunity against
IEC_61334
Sensor implementation technique
detection is a method of extracting information encoded as modulation of the phase and/or frequency of an oscillating signal, by comparing that signal
Homodyne_detection
Type of electromagnetic radiation
radiation with the lowest frequencies and the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, typically with frequencies below 300 gigahertz (GHz)
Radio_wave
Storage density for magnetic disks
by replacing FM encoding with an improved line code, such as modified frequency modulation (MFM), modified modified frequency modulation (M²FM), FM/MFM
Disk_density
Modem for computers released by AT&T in 1962
modems are no longer in common use, this encoding scheme is referred to generically as "Bell 103 modulation", and any device employing it as "Bell 103-compatible"
Bell_103
Analog television system
This frequency was chosen so horizontal line-rate modulation components of the chrominance signal fall between the horizontal line-rate modulation components
NTSC
Type of adjustable-speed drive
and medium-voltage AC–AC and DC–AC topologies. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) variable-frequency drive projects started in the 1960s at Strömberg in Finland
Variable-frequency_drive
Standards for terrestrial television signals
(or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial
Broadcast_television_systems
Information method in electromagnetic radiation
heterodyne detection is a method of extracting information encoded as modulation of the phase, frequency or both of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength
Optical_heterodyne_detection
System for digitally encoding audio signals
digitally encoding audio signals for the Super Audio CD (SACD). DSD uses delta-sigma modulation, a form of pulse-density modulation encoding, a technique
Direct_Stream_Digital
the basis of their encoding mode: AM encoding Ca2+ signals: when the strength of the stimuli is encoded by amplitude modulations of Ca2+ oscillations
Calcium_encoding
Aviation navigation system
in frequency modulation. The amplitude modulated signal is transmitted from a separate omnidirectional antenna. The roles of amplitude and frequency modulation
VHF_omnidirectional_range
Multichannel audio technology
the speakers. Some encoding mixers had channel strips switchable between forward-oriented and backwards-oriented encoding. It encoded the Center Back in
Matrix_decoder
Signal processing technique
that uses wideband linear frequency modulated chirp pulses to encode information. A chirp is a sinusoidal signal whose frequency increases or decreases over
Chirp_spread_spectrum
Technique for measuring chemical composition of a gas
noise ratio by encoding and detecting the absorption signal at a high frequency, where the noise level is low. The most common modulation techniques are
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
Tunable_diode_laser_absorption_spectroscopy
Electronic control system
to the desired input frequency and multiplied with the input signal. The resulting output signal included the original modulation information. The intent
Phase-locked_loop
Transmission method used in amateur radio
transmission in which frequencies produced by amplitude modulation (AM) are symmetrically spaced above and below the carrier frequency and the carrier level
Double-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission
Double-sideband_suppressed-carrier_transmission
Electronic device that emits radio waves
modulation signal. In an FM (frequency modulation) transmitter the frequency of the carrier is varied by the modulation signal. In an FSK (frequency-shift
Transmitter
frequency electromagnetic waves. Examples of modulation include: amplitude modulation frequency modulation Phase-shift keying Communication channel Data
Node-to-node_data_transfer
Modem standard developed by Bell System in 1976
standard developed by the Bell System. It specifies audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) to encode and transfer data at a rate of 1200 bits per second (bit/s)
Bell_202
Television that uses analog signals
separation, and so on. A color encoding scheme (NTSC, PAL, or SECAM) could be added to the base monochrome signal. Using RF modulation the signal is then modulated
Analog_television
Brainwaves, repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system
synchronized frequency information in active cortical networks". Neuron. 2005; 47: 423-435. Val Danilov I. (2023). "Shared Intentionality Modulation at the
Neural_oscillation
Radio hardware tool
functionality such as modulation/demodulation, while a microcontroller cares for the high-level functionality (command-line interface, protocol encoding/decoding,
Proxmark3
Multimedia framework
and ShutterEncoder. FFmpeg is used by ffdshow, FFmpegInterop, the GStreamer FFmpeg plug-in, LAV Filters and OpenMAX IL to expand the encoding and decoding
FFmpeg
Type of optical device
modulate a beam of light. The modulation may be imposed on the phase, frequency, amplitude, or polarization of the beam. Modulation bandwidths extending into
Electro-optic_modulator
Shortwave radio stations broadcasting only numbers
(AM) transmitters with optionally–variable frequency, using class-C power output stages with plate modulation, are the workhorses of international shortwave
Numbers_station
Components of a train protection system
same frequency, causing the ETCS onboard equipment to apply a safety reaction. The downlink uses an amplitude modulation on the 27.095 MHz frequency. This
Eurobalise
Method of communication by radio waves
receiver requires a circuit called a beat frequency oscillator (BFO). The third type of modulation, frequency-shift keying (FSK) was used mainly by radioteletype
Wireless_telegraphy
Modulation technique for mitigating EMI of power converters
be classified as random frequency modulation (RFM), random pulse-position modulation (RPPM) and random duty-cycle modulation (RDCM). The properties of
Random_pulse-width_modulation
French longwave time signal radio station
the 59th second of each minute. This modulation pattern is repeated to indicate a binary one. The binary encoding of date and time data during seconds
ALS162_time_signal
Representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system
The neural encoding of sound is the representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system. The complexities of contemporary neuroscience
Neural_encoding_of_sound
Type of visual artifact
duration and thus too slow to affect frequency-encoded sampling, but they have a pronounced effect in the phase-encoding direction. Periodic movements such
MRI_artifact
Telecommunications networks transmitted by radio waves
transceiver, the terrain, and the frequency band being used. A cell typically uses a different set of frequencies from neighboring cells, to avoid interference
Cellular_network
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
Non-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (N-OFDM) is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies with non-orthogonal intervals
Non-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Non-orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Lossy audio compression format
variable bit rate encoding, and additional sampling rates, defined in ISO/IEC 13818-3 as part of MPEG-2 standards. MP2 is a sub-band audio encoder, which means
MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II
Baseband analog video signal format
upscaled to 720 or 1080. List of video connectors NTSC color encoding PAL color encoding "Definition: composite video". computer language. Retrieved 23
Composite_video
Consumer devices using infrared communication
of the carrier frequency. Modulation schemes: typically 100% amplitude-shift keying (ASK). It may also involve pulse-position modulation, biphase/manchester
Consumer_IR
French analog color television system
Saturation errors. SECAM is free of this problem. SECAM uses frequency modulation (FM) to encode chrominance information on the colour carrier, which does
SECAM
Sound frequency changes responsible for perceptions of loudness, pitch and timbre
the full range of modulation frequencies encoded by single neurons. For broadband sounds, the range of modulation frequencies encoded in impaired responses
Temporal envelope and fine structure
Temporal_envelope_and_fine_structure
Digital radio broadcasting standard
interference which often plague conventional broadcasting in these frequency ranges. The encoding and decoding can be performed with digital signal processing
Digital_Radio_Mondiale
Process of extracting the original information-bearing signal from a carrier wave
signal modulated with an angular modulation, we must use a frequency modulation (FM) demodulator or a phase modulation (PM) demodulator. Different kinds
Demodulation
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FREQUENCY MODULATION-ENCODING
FREQUENCY MODULATION-ENCODING
Surname or Lastname
Swedish (also frequent in Finland)
Swedish (also frequent in Finland) : ornamental name from an unexplained first element + the suffix -lin or -in, common suffixes of surnames.French (Hélin) : from a pet form of Hélie (see Helie 1).French (Hélin) : from the Germanic personal name Heilin, a short form of any of various compound names with the first element heil (see Heilmann 2).English : variant of Hillian.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Moderation, Equality
Surname or Lastname
English (also frequent in Wales)
English (also frequent in Wales) : patronymic from the personal name Watkin.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Moderation; Neutrality
Boy/Male
Muslim
Strong, Prosperity population, A prophets name
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Prolific; Frequently Producing
Surname or Lastname
English (frequent in eastern England)
English (frequent in eastern England) : ethnic name from Norman French aleman ‘German’ or alemayne ‘Germany’ (Late Latin Alemannus and Alemannia, from a Germanic tribal name that probably originally meant ‘all the men’). In some cases the surname may be from the region of Normandy known as Allemagne (south of Caen), probably named as a Germanic-speaking enclave in a Celtic area in Roman times. In North America, the form Allman has probably absorbed some cases of cognates from other languages, in particular Spanish Aleman and French Alleman.German (Allmann) : variant of Allemann (see Alleman) or in some cases probably an Americanized form of the same name.
Girl/Female
Indian
Population, Socialism
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Population; Socialism; Powerful; Prosperous
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
One who Remembers God Frequently
Girl/Female
Muslim
One who remembers God frequently
Girl/Female
Indian
Moderation, Equality
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, TEMPERANCE means "moderation, self-restraint."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Balance; Temperance; Moderation
Boy/Male
Indian
Strong, Prosperity population, A prophets name
Surname or Lastname
English (most frequent in northern Ireland)
English (most frequent in northern Ireland) : from Middle English fe(i)th ‘belief (especially Christian belief)’, ‘faithfulness’, ‘loyalty’. This may have been a nickname for a trustworthy person, but was more probably bestowed on one who used ‘Faith!’ frequently as a mild oath or exclamation.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Population, Socialism
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Population
Boy/Male
Muslim
Strong, Prosperity population, A prophets name
Boy/Male
Indian
Strong, Prosperity population, A prophets name
FREQUENCY MODULATION-ENCODING
FREQUENCY MODULATION-ENCODING
FREQUENCY MODULATION-ENCODING
FREQUENCY MODULATION-ENCODING
FREQUENCY MODULATION-ENCODING
FREQUENCY MODULATION-ENCODING
FREQUENCY MODULATION-ENCODING
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