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Protein found in humans
Negative elongation factor E (or NELF-E) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NELFE gene (previously RDBP). The protein encoded by this gene
Negative_elongation_factor_E
Protein
biology, the NELF (negative elongation factor) is a four-subunit protein complex (NELF-A, NELF-B, NELF-C/NELF-D, and NELF-E) that negatively impacts transcription
Negative_elongation_factor
Protein found in humans
Negative elongation factor B (NELF-B), also known as Cofactor of BRCA1 (COBRA1), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NELFB gene. NELF-B is a
Negative_elongation_factor_B
Protein found in humans
(previously WHSC2). This protein is part of the negative elongation factor (NELF) complex, together with NELF-B, NELF-E, and either the C or D isoform of NELF-C/D
Negative_elongation_factor_A
Protein found in humans
Negative elongation factor C/D (or NELF-C/D) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NELFCD gene (previously TH1L). NELFCD encodes three known isoforms
Negative elongation factor C/D
Negative_elongation_factor_C/D
Chemical compound
transcription elongation by RNA Polymerase II. Sensitivity to DRB is dependent on DRB sensitivity inducing factor (DSIF), negative elongation factor (NELF),
5,6-Dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole
5,6-Dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole
Protein needed for initiation of transcription in prokaryotes
is finished, the sigma factor dissociates from the complex and the RNAP continues elongation on its own. Different sigma factors are utilized under different
Sigma_factor
Protein complex regulating transcription in eukaryotes
that can phosphorylate the DRB sensitivity inducing factor (DSIF) and negative elongation factor (NELF), as well as the carboxyl terminal domain of the
P-TEFb
Class of protein transcription factors
transcription preinitiation complex. TFIIA/B/E/H leave once RNA elongation begins. TFIID will stay until elongation is finished. Subunits within TFIIH that
General_transcription_factor
Transcription is heterocatalytic function of DNA
sensitivity inducing factor), NELF (negative elongation factor), and the Drosophila RNA polymerase II transcription elongation complex". Proceedings
Eukaryotic_transcription
nuclear membrane prevents this coupling in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) is a regulateable GTP-dependent translocase that moves nascent
Translational_regulation
Protein found in humans
S2CID 246359754. Decourtye L, Mire E, Clemessy M, Heurtier V, Ledent T, Robinson IC, et al. (2017). "IGF1 Induces GHRH Neuronal Axon Elongation during Early Postnatal
Insulin-like_growth_factor_1
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
transcription elongation. In these organisms, the pausing induced by nucleosomes can be regulated by transcription elongation factors such as TFIIS. Elongation also
Transcription_(biology)
Protein-coding gene in humans
and functions as an inhibitor of telomerase, acting in cis to limit the elongation of individual chromosome ends. It is known to protect telomeres in mammals
Telomeric repeat-binding factor 1
Telomeric_repeat-binding_factor_1
Transcription factor
Dreier B, Barbas CF (2000). "Positive and negative regulation of endogenous genes by designed transcription factors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (4):
Zinc finger transcription factor
Zinc_finger_transcription_factor
Aluminium alloys containing magnesium
statements for the elongation at break : Research on alloys based on the purest shows an increasing elongation at break from about 20% elongation at 1% to 30%
Aluminium–magnesium_alloys
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Transcription elongation factor SPT4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUPT4H1 gene. Together with hSPT5, it composes DSIF in humans. GRCm38:
SUPT4H1
Mechanism of termination of RNA transcription
initiation factors that help transcription identify appropriate sequences such as TATA box homologs as well as factors that maintain transcription elongation. However
Intrinsic_termination
Type of non-coding RNA molecule
transcription. The negative elongation factor NELF protein can also be released from its interaction with RNAP II by direct interaction with some eRNAs. Schaukowitch
Enhancer_RNA
Protein that regulates the rate of DNA transcription
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic
Transcription_factor
Protein-coding gene in humans
Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF-2 kinase or eEF-2K), also known as calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III (CAMKIII) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent
EEF2K
Exotoxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
toxin (Q5EK40). It inhibits elongation factor-2. It does so by ADP-ribosylation of EF2 using NAD+. This then causes the elongation of polypeptides to cease
Pseudomonas_exotoxin
Physical activity that improves health
people. Studies have identified many different factors. Some factors include why a person is exercising (e.g, health, social), what types of exercises or
Exercise
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Transcription elongation factor SPT5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUPT5H gene. Together with hSPT4, it composes DSIF in humans. SUPT5H
SUPT5H
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
be a component of the multiprotein complex TAK/P-TEFb, which is an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription and functions by phosphorylating
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_9
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
with transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) in inducing transformation. It also acts as a negative autocrine growth factor. Dysregulation of TGF-β activation
TGF_beta_1
Molecular structure formed in DNA transcription
require more proteins, such as the Rpb4/7 complex and the elongation factor Transcription Factor IIS (TFIIS). After initiation, RNAP moves downstream along
Transcription_bubble
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR-2) also known as CD332 (cluster of differentiation 332) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR2 gene
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2
Plant growth in reaction to gravity and bending of leaves and roots
show negative gravitropism. That is, roots grow in the direction of gravitational pull (i.e., downward) and stems grow in the opposite direction (i.e., upwards)
Gravitropism
Critical protein in embryonic development
expressed in the developing embryo limbs, a morphogen called fibroblast growth factors must be secreted from the apical ectodermal ridge. Sonic hedgehog has also
Sonic_hedgehog_protein
Alloy of copper and nickel
constantan is characterized by a good fatigue life and relatively high elongation capability. However, constantan tends to exhibit a continuous drift at
Constantan
Protein-coding gene in humans
formation and help resolve ribosomal stalls, making them elongation factors despite the "initiation factor" name originally assigned. Germline deleterious heterozygous
EIF5A
example, the PAF1 Complex promotes transcription elongation through interaction with elongation factors like the DSIF and FACT complexes. In humans, it
PAF1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Elongation factor RNA polymerase II-like 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELL3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128886 – Ensembl
ELL3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Transcription elongation factor A protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCEA2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is found in the
TCEA2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Conaway RC (July 2005). "ELL-associated factors 1 and 2 are positive regulators of RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL". Proceedings of the National Academy
EAF2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ELL gene. ELL (gene) has been shown to interact with P53. GRCh38:
ELL_(gene)
Species of bacterium
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing, indole-negative bacterium. It shows swarming motility and
Proteus_mirabilis
Protein found in humans
(November 2001). "The transcription elongation factor CA150 interacts with RNA polymerase II and the pre-mRNA splicing factor SF1". Molecular and Cellular Biology
Splicing_factor_1
Molecular complex
factors cannot start chain elongation without a pre-existing chain of nucleotides, because no known replicative polymerase can start chain elongation
Replisome
Human protein-coding gene
Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RTEL1 gene. Read-through transcription of the RTEL1 gene into
RTEL1
Protein-coding gene in humans
carboxy-terminal domain phosphorylation by TFIIH and represses RNA polymerase II elongation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (10): 6833–44. doi:10.1128/MCB.19.10.6833. PMC 84680
HNRPU
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Transcription elongation factor SPT6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUPT6H gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000109111 – Ensembl
SUPT6H
Toxin from bacteria that destroys or disrupts cells
act at elongation factor-2. In the case of the diphtheria toxin, EF2 is ADP-ribosylated and becomes unable to participate in protein elongation, and, so
Exotoxin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Connolly E, Braunstein S, Formenti S, Schneider RJ (May 2006). "Hypoxia inhibits protein synthesis through a 4E-BP1 and elongation factor 2 kinase pathway
EIF4EBP1
Topical Antibiotic
bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor by preventing the turnover of elongation factor G (EF-G) from the ribosome. Fusidic acid is effective primarily on
Fusidic_acid
DNA replication in prokaryotes
living cell was first measured as the rate of phage T4 DNA elongation in phage-infected E. coli. During the period of exponential DNA increase at 37 °C
Prokaryotic_DNA_replication
Complex of proteins necessary for gene transcription in eukaryotes and archaea
resembles that of Pol II. Only TFIIIB needs to remain attached during elongation. Lee TI, Young RA (2000). "Transcription of eukaryotic protein-coding
Transcription preinitiation complex
Transcription_preinitiation_complex
Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from DNA during Transcription
also guides the nucleotides into position, facilitates attachment and elongation, has intrinsic proofreading and replacement capabilities, and termination
RNA_polymerase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transcription elongation factor p-TEFb. The p-TEFb complex containing this cyclin was reported to interact with, and act as a negative regulator of human
Cyclin_T2
Protein-coding gene in humans
P, Zhou MM, Verdin E (2004). "Tat Acetylation: A Regulatory Switch between Early and Late Phases in HIV Transcription Elongation". Reversible Protein
PCAF
Protein coding gene in Humans
the process of elongation. The transcription of eIF4A1 is driven by the transcription factor MYC. On its own, the helicase activity of eIF4A1 is poor,
EIF4A1
Condition in which the outer part of the elbow becomes sore and tender
origin of the wrist extensors. The applied force by orthosis reduces the elongation within the musculotendinous fibers. Wrist extensor orthosis maintains
Tennis_elbow
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
initiation factor TFIID subunit 1, also known as transcription initiation factor TFIID 250 kDa subunit (TAFII-250) or TBP-associated factor 250 kDa (p250)
TAF1
Protein family
eEF2. The Diphtheria toxin (DT) is an AB toxin. It inhibits protein synthesis in the host cell through ADP-ribosylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor
AB_toxin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) also known as acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF1
Fibroblast_growth_factor_1
Class of plant hormones
Interacting Factors (PIFs). PIFs are transcription factors that negatively regulate light signalling and are strong promoters of elongation growth. In
Gibberellin
Human protein and coding gene
the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. The superfamily includes large families of growth and differentiation factors. BMP4 is highly conserved
Bone_morphogenetic_protein_4
Mammalian protein found in humans
also promotes the activation of insulin receptors and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors. The study of TOR (target of rapamycin) originated in the 1960s
MTOR
Human protein-coding gene
factor receptor (LNGFR) before discovery that p75NTR bound other neurotrophins equally well as nerve growth factor. p75NTR is a neurotrophic factor receptor
Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor
Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor
Molecule that delivers the amino acid to the ribosome during translation
is chemically bonded (charged). The aa-tRNA, along with particular elongation factors, deliver the amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into the
Aminoacyl-tRNA
cell elongation in the Arabidopsis roots. Often, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) found in the plant immune system are receptor kinases, i.e. Arabidopsis
FERONIA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Transcription elongation factor A protein-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCEAL1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the transcription
TCEAL1
Protein complexes present on the cell membranes of bacteria for secretion of substances
pathway, a chaperone trigger factor (TF) first bind to the exposed N-terminal signal sequence of the peptide chain. As elongation of peptide chain continues
Bacterial_secretion_system
Genus of gram-negative bacteria
Klebsiella is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule. Klebsiella is named after
Klebsiella
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Connolly E, Braunstein S, Formenti S, Schneider RJ (May 2006). "Hypoxia inhibits protein synthesis through a 4E-BP1 and elongation factor 2 kinase pathway
EIF4E
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
KS, Shikotra N, Willis AE, Redpath NT (2001). "Phosphorylation of elongation factor-2 kinase on serine 499 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase induces
Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1
Protein_kinase,_AMP-activated,_alpha_1
Swiss research fusion reactor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
exploring dependencies on density, safety factor, ECRH power and deposition location, finally on plasma elongation and triangularity. The finding was confirmed
Tokamak à configuration variable
Tokamak_à_configuration_variable
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
motif-containing 28 (TRIM28), also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1β (TIF1β) and KRAB-associated protein-1 (KAP1), is a protein that in humans
TRIM28
Protein-coding gene in humans
nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent
AKT1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
CIITA transcription factor by IFN-gamma, there was recruitment of both CDK7 and CDK9 causing RNAP CTD phosphorylation and elongation. Finally, Nissen and
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_7
Transcription factor scaffold domain
or elongation. Nine-amino-acid transactivation domain (9aaTAD) defines a domain common to a large superfamily of eukaryotic transcription factors represented
Transactivation_domain
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
NF-kappa-B-repressing factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKRF gene. This gene encodes a transcription factor that interacts with specific negative regulatory
NKRF_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
utilizing human POT1 have shown that reduction in POT1 levels result in the elongation of telomeres. POT1 has been shown to interact with ACD and TINF2. Increased
POT1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
regulatory genes like c-myc and cyclin D1 by interacting with Wnt signaling factors. Importantly, the mutation of tyrosine 641 in the active SET domain to
EZH2
Abnormal growth of scar tissue within the penis
administered in a series of treatment cycles with attendant penile modeling and elongation. Potential side effects include corporal rupture (penile fracture) or
Peyronie's_disease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
CDK-activating kinase assembly factor MAT1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MNAT1 gene. MNAT1 has been shown to interact with: Cyclin H, Cyclin-dependent
MNAT1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
splicing factor SF1 via a WW domain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts variants encoding different isoforms. Transcription elongation regulator
Transcription elongation regulator 1
Transcription_elongation_regulator_1
Mammalian protein found in humans
this family act as transcription elongation factors that allow RNA polymerase II to escape pausing during elongation. Multiple alternatively spliced variants
BEX4
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Williams M, Terada N, Alessi DR, Proud CG (Aug 2001). "Regulation of elongation factor 2 kinase by p90(RSK1) and p70 S6 kinase". The EMBO Journal. 20 (16):
CREB1
Medical condition
oedema, impaired ability to look after personal care (e.g. visual impairment) are further risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer. People with diabetes often
Diabetic_foot_ulcer
Polysaccharides found in animal tissue
the EXT family of genes, transfers both GlcNAc and GlcA for HSGAG chain elongation. While elongating, the HSGAG is dynamically modified, first by N-deacetylase
Glycosaminoglycan
Biological process
living cell was first measured as the rate of phage T4 DNA elongation in phage-infected E. coli. During the period of exponential DNA increase at 37 °C
DNA_replication
Strength training
motion. Eccentric training focuses on slowing down the process of muscle elongation to challenge the muscles, which can lead to stronger muscles, faster muscle
Eccentric_training
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor important for control of differentiation and development of neural and lymphoid
LHX1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Hsp70 negatively regulates HSF1. The HSF1 protein regulates the heat shock response (HSR) pathway in humans by acting as the major transcription factor for
Heat_shock_factor_protein_1
Protein-coding gene in humans
Fibroblast growth factor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF10 gene. It is a polypeptide of 208 amino acids. Human FGF10 gene is highly
FGF10
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 epsilon-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF1E1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000124802
EEF1E1
Mammalian protein found in humans
interaction and functional antagonism between the RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL and p53". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (24): 17003–10
P53
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein, Cyclin k and CDK9 binding is induced, inhibiting the positive elongation factor of other CDK9 binding complexes, resulting in an inhibition of specific
Cyclin_K
Order of gram-negative bacteria
for this order in the proteins peptide ABC transporter permease, elongation factor P-like protein YeiP, L-arabinose isomerase, pyrophosphatase, and a
Enterobacterales
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 9748166. Chun J, Kwon T, Lee E, Suh PG, Choi EJ, Sun Kang S (October 2002). "The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor 2 mediates phosphorylation of
Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1
Phosphoinositide-dependent_kinase-1
Basal organ of a vascular plant
continuous. Studies of Arabidopsis in the 1990s showed negative phototropism and inhibition of the elongation of root hairs in light sensed by phyB. Certain plants
Root
Protein-coding gene in humans
lens-fibre elongation". Nature Genetics. 21 (3): 318–322. doi:10.1038/6844. PMID 10080188. S2CID 23791417. Mouta Carreira C, Nasser SM, di Tomaso E, Padera
PROX1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the very amino terminus, which is followed by a TID (TEAD transcription factor interacting domain). Next, following a single WW domain, which is present
YAP1
Directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light
Nishiyama, Yoshitaka (2016). "Oxidation of a Cysteine Residue in Elongation Factor EF-Tu Reversibly Inhibits Translation in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis
Phototaxis
Protein found in humans
Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), and CD115 (Cluster of Differentiation
Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor
Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor
Type of lectin
5'-AGUACGAGAGGA-3', termed the sarcin-ricin loop, is important in binding elongation factors during protein synthesis. The depurination event rapidly and completely
Ricin
Protein found in humans
A, Thomas M, Lee SL, et al. (April 2010). "Zscan4 regulates telomere elongation and genomic stability in ES cells". Nature. 464 (7290): 858–863. Bibcode:2010Natur
Zinc finger and scan domain containing 4
Zinc_finger_and_scan_domain_containing_4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
This is consistent with a negative feedback response restricting the exposure of a normal cell to a prolonged Wnt growth factor signal. Hedgehog signaling
Secreted frizzled-related protein 1
Secreted_frizzled-related_protein_1
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NEGATIVE ELONGATION-FACTOR-E
NEGATIVE ELONGATION-FACTOR-E
NEGATIVE ELONGATION-FACTOR-E
NEGATIVE ELONGATION-FACTOR-E
NEGATIVE ELONGATION-FACTOR-E
NEGATIVE ELONGATION-FACTOR-E
NEGATIVE ELONGATION-FACTOR-E
NEGATIVE ELONGATION-FACTOR-E
NEGATIVE ELONGATION-FACTOR-E
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