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The NONCODE database is a collection of expression and functional lncRNA data obtained from re-annotated microarray studies. lncRNA Bu, Dechao; Yu, Kuntao;
NONCODE
DNA that does not code for proteins
for a number of other noncoding RNAs but noncoding RNA genes are much more common in eukaryotes. Typical classes of noncoding genes in eukaryotes include
Non-coding_DNA
Non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides
inactivation. List of long non-coding RNA databases NONCODE Pinc Sphinx (gene) VIS1 ZNRD1-AS1 Noncoding RNA activated by DNA damage Fernandes JC, Acuña SM
Long_non-coding_RNA
Class of ribonucleic acid that is not translated into proteins
have been achieved through both experimental and bioinformatic methods. Noncoding RNAs belong to several groups and are involved in many cellular processes
Non-coding_RNA
Type of long noncoding RNA
Noncoding RNA Activated by DNA Damage (NORAD) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that responds to DNA damage and plays a significant role in preserving
Noncoding RNA activated by DNA damage
Noncoding_RNA_activated_by_DNA_damage
DNA strand with the same base sequence as an mRNA transcript
one strand is the coding strand (or sense strand), and the other is the noncoding strand (also called the antisense strand, anticoding strand, template
Coding_strand
of long noncoding RNA databases, which provide information about lncRNAs. Rinn, J. L.; Chang, H. Y. (2012). "Genome Regulation by Long Noncoding RNAs".
List of long non-coding RNA databases
List_of_long_non-coding_RNA_databases
Field of study
sperm epigenome in male mice. In particular, expression patterns of small-noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are altered in the sperm, as well as in stress-related
Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders
Epigenetics_of_anxiety_and_stress–related_disorders
DNA sequence
A conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) is a DNA sequence of noncoding DNA that is evolutionarily conserved. Sequence conservation is a useful marker of
Conserved_non-coding_sequence
Gene found in humans
subsequent study identified HOTAIR has 32 nucleotides long conserved noncoding element (CNE) that has a paralogous copy in HOXD cluster region (located
HOTAIR
All genetic material of an organism
complex eukaryotes. Noncoding sequences include introns, sequences for non-coding RNAs, regulatory regions, and repetitive DNA. Noncoding sequences make up
Genome
Domesticated subspecies of red junglefowl
genome is 3.2 Gb. The final gene set contained 26,640 genes (including noncoding genes and pseudogenes), with a total of 19,119 protein-coding genes, a
Chicken
Species of bacterium
Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod-shaped, flagellate, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium and a species of the
Salmonella_enterica
life, freshness or market stalls. Noncoded iconic is another part of Barthes' theory of understanding images. Noncoded has nothing to do with the emotions
Semiotics_of_photography
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
TCL1 upstream neural differentiation-associated RNA is a long noncoding RNA that in humans is produced from the TUNAR gene. "Human PubMed Reference:"
TUNAR
Negative regulation (or limiting) of body weight and cell proliferation
H19 is a gene for a long noncoding RNA, found in humans and elsewhere. H19 has a role in the negative regulation (or limiting) of body weight and cell
H19_(gene)
Rare neurodegenerative disease
Mackenzie IR, Boeve BF, et al. Expanded GGGGCC Hexanucleotide Repeat in Noncoding Region of C9ORF72 Causes Chromosome 9p-Linked FTD and ALS. Neuron (Cambridge
ALS
Species of bacteria, cause of plague
were designed to model flea and mammal hosts. Numerous bacterial small noncoding RNAs have been identified to play regulatory functions. Some can regulate
Yersinia_pestis
Property of nucleic acid strands with respect to their translatability into protein
the noncoding (template/antisense) strand. Note1: Except for the fact that all thymines are now uracils (T → U), it is complementary to the noncoding (template/antisense)
Sense_(molecular_biology)
Group of disorders
1177/107327481402100405. PMID 25310210. Skalsky RL, Cullen BR (2015). "EBV Noncoding RNAs". Epstein Barr Virus Volume 2. Current Topics in Microbiology and
Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases
Epstein–Barr_virus–associated_lymphoproliferative_diseases
Resistance to parasites, by targeting their DNA Bacteria and archaea Long noncoding RNA lncRNA Regulation of gene transcription, epigenetic regulation Eukaryotes
List_of_RNAs
Species of bacterium
SCO4676-associated transcripts. Targets of two of S. albidoflavus noncoding RNAs have been identified. Noncoding RNA of Glutamine Synthetase I was shown to modulate
Streptomyces_albidoflavus
American biologist
Vincent and Stella Coates Endowed Chair. He directs the Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs and the UCSF ViraCore facility. His research areas include RNA biology
Michael T. McManus (biologist)
Michael_T._McManus_(biologist)
Species of great ape
protein-coding genes and 9,066 noncoding genes, although cDNA sequencing confirmed only 20,478 protein-coding and 36,880 noncoding bonobo genes, similar to
Bonobo
Family of large biological molecules
translation. Next to be linked to regulation were Xist and other long noncoding RNAs associated with X chromosome inactivation. Their roles, at first
RNA
Cellular mechanism
ends, called telomeres. The telomeres are long regions of repetitive noncoding DNA that cap chromosomes and undergo partial degradation each time a cell
DNA_repair
Medical condition
panels because the genetic mutation that causes CANVAS is found in the noncoding regions of DNA. CANVAS generally progresses slowly. As symptoms progress
Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome
Cerebellar_ataxia,_neuropathy,_vestibular_areflexia_syndrome
Genus of flowering plants
"Phylogenetic Relationships of Capsicum (Solanaceae) Using DNA Sequences from Two Noncoding Regions: The Chloroplast atpB-rbcL Spacer Region and Nuclear waxy Introns"
Capsicum
Family of viruses
poly-A tail is processed as a host mRNA. The RNA genome also has terminal noncoding regions, which are important in replication, and internal regions that
Retrovirus
Small nuclear RNA in the species Homo sapiens
RNA, U12 small nuclear is a noncoding RNA that in humans is encoded by the RNU12 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000276027 – Ensembl, May 2017
RNU12
Selective breeding of plants and animals to serve humans
infestans. In coconut, genomic analysis of 10 microsatellite loci (of noncoding DNA) found two episodes of domestication based on differences between
Domestication
Largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
RelA, HAND1 and hTERT, among many others. It is now known that long noncoding RNAs originating from intergenic regions of the nucleolus are responsible
Nucleolus
DNA sequences with no known biological function
Close to 99 percent of our genome has been historically classified as noncoding, useless "junk" DNA. Consequently, these sequences were rarely studied
Junk_DNA
Complex of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells
PMC 6312108. PMID 30367165. Portoso M, Cavalli G (2008). "The Role of RNAi and Noncoding RNAs in Polycomb Mediated Control of Gene Expression and Genomic Programming"
Chromatin
Segment of chromosome 20 in humans
Zuccato C, Cattaneo E, Stanton LW (2010). "The Human Accelerated Region 1 noncoding RNA is repressed by REST in Huntington's disease". Physiol Genomics. 41
Human_accelerated_region_1
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
"Topological organization of multichromosomal regions by the long intergenic noncoding RNA Firre". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 21 (2): 198–206. doi:10
Firre
Concept in biology
evolution. De novo gene birth is very rare. The most probable path from noncoding DNA to a protein-coding gene is to first become a protogene, similar to
Evolutionary_tinkering
Subclass of plants containing three genera of gymnosperms
Bobrova, V.; Pahnke, J.; Troitsky, A.; Antonov, A.; Martin, W. (1996). "Noncoding sequences from the slowly evolving chloroplast inverted repeat in addition
Gnetidae
DNA located in mitochondria
replication and transcription initiation is located in a single intergenic noncoding region (NCR). In humans, the 1,100 base pair NCR region contains three
Mitochondrial_DNA
Cats with genetic anomaly that causes extra toes
usual number of toes on one or more of its paws. A point mutation in the noncoding region of the ZRS regulatory sequence causes abnormal SHH expression during
Polydactyl_cat
Difference in DNA among individuals or populations
of DNA has shown genetic variation in both coding regions and in the noncoding intron region of genes.[citation needed] Genetic variation will result
Genetic_variation
Part of a gene that is spliced away
located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns
Intron
Sequences of noncoding DNA
Recombination signal sequences are conserved sequences of noncoding DNA that are recognized by the RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex during V(D)J recombination
Recombination signal sequences
Recombination_signal_sequences
Hypertension occurring during pregnancy
contribute to the development of pre-eclampsia. Micro RNAs, or miRNAs, are noncoding mRNAs that downregulate posttranscriptional gene expression through RNA-induced
Pre-eclampsia
Cancer of the lymphatic system
vIL-10 gene, BZLF1, and LMP1. Recent studies have also shown that the EBV noncoding RNA EBER2 can increase Burkitt lymphoma cell growth by upregulating UCHL1
Burkitt_lymphoma
Family of regulator genes
in clinical trials. MYC expression is controlled by a wide variety of noncoding RNAs, including miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA. Some of these RNAs have been
Myc
Region on a tRNA molecule
has been identified as a ubiquitous structural element in a number of noncoding RNAs. At least one other instance of the T-loop, found in rRNA, also carries
T_arm
Indian parasitologist
stress responsive gene EhslncRNA of Entamoeba histolytica is a novel long noncoding RNA". Scientific Reports. 6 27476. Bibcode:2016NatSR...627476S. doi:10
Alok_Bhattacharya
that noncoding segments in an individual's genome are correlated with specific allelic sequences found adjacent to, or remote from, the noncoding sequences
Patentable subject matter in the United States
Patentable_subject_matter_in_the_United_States
Generalized neurodevelopmental disorder
(2021). "Non-Syndromic Intellectual Disability and Its Pathways: A Long Noncoding RNA Perspective". Non-Coding RNA. 7 (1): 22. doi:10.3390/ncrna7010022
Intellectual_disability
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
MAPT antisense RNA 1 is a noncoding RNA that in humans is encoded by the MAPT-AS1 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information
MAPT-AS1
Description of the structure and function of a genome
Splice identification (only in eukaryotes). Feature prediction (coding and noncoding sequences). The first step of structural annotation consists in the identification
DNA_annotation
American charitable foundation
College, Pitzer College, and Scripps College. The W.M. Keck Center for Noncoding RNA University of California, San Francisco The Keck Hall and the W.M
W._M._Keck_Foundation
Species of fern
Fern Genus Azolla (Azollaceae) Based on DNA Sequence Data from Three Noncoding Regions". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 167 (3): 529–538. doi:10
Azolla_rubra
Genus of plants
"Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Fuchsia (Onagraceae) based on noncoding nuclear and chloroplast DNA data". American Journal of Botany. 91 (4):
Fuchsia
Use of non-coding RNA to treat disease
the size of the ncRNA. Small noncoding RNA is usually categorized as being under 200 bp in length, whereas long noncoding RNA is greater than 200bp. In
NcRNA_therapy
Nucleic acid motif in molecular biology
PMC 318541. PMID 6694911. Kozak M (October 1987). "An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (20):
Kozak_consensus_sequence
Vision loss due to damage to the macula of the eye
et al. (September 2006). "Common variation in three genes, including a noncoding variant in CFH, strongly influences risk of age-related macular degeneration"
Macular_degeneration
RNA family
of the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman by a small noncoding RNA SprX1". Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 205 (6): 563–574. doi:10
SprX_small_RNA
Gene editing method
CRISPR-Cas systems can also be employed for editing of micro-RNA and long-noncoding RNA genes in plants. Directing edits to correct mutated sequences was
CRISPR_gene_editing
Species of virus
oncogenesis. It has been shown that both protein coding genes such as LANA and noncoding genes (microRNAs) encoded in KLAR are important for KSHV associated tumorigenesis
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
Kaposi's_sarcoma-associated_herpesvirus
Macromolecular complex containing protein and RNA molecules
of RNAs that are not translated into protein, called large intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs). p53 suppression of genes is often carried out by a number
Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle
Heterogeneous_ribonucleoprotein_particle
Gene that lightens the coat colour of certain animals
C. Drogemuller, U. Philipp, B. Haase, A. R. Gunzel-Apel, T. Leeb: A noncoding melanophilin gene (MLPH) SNP at the splice donor of exon 1 represents
Dilution_gene
unidirectional, but that the pool of mRNAs, transcribed pseudogenes, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) compete for the same pool of miRNA
Competing_endogenous_RNA
Indian actress
at IMDb Nayak, Sarangdhar; Dhar, Pawan K. (29 June 2023). "Repurposing the dark genome. IV – noncoding proteins". bioRxiv 10.1101/2023.06.29.547021.
Aditi_Sarangdhar
Alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
Other types of mutation occasionally create new genes from previously noncoding DNA. Changes in chromosome number may involve even larger mutations, where
Mutation
Group of cytokines
multilineage-colony-stimulating factor cDNA clone identified by a conserved noncoding sequence in mouse interleukin-3". Gene. 55 (1): 115–24. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90254-X
Interleukin
Region of a transcribed gene present in the final functional mRNA molecule
Laurent, B (August 2021). "Exploring the Alternative Splicing of Long Noncoding RNAs". Trends in Genetics. 37 (8): 695–698. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2021.03
Exon
Mammalian protein found in humans
sequences for proteins and their functions. Most editing sites are found in noncoding regions of RNA such as untranslated regions (UTRs), Alu elements, and
ADAR
Multiprotein and heterotrimeric complex
activities. In this way, TRAMP plays a critical role in ridding the cell of noncoding transcripts generated through pervasive RNA polymerase II transcription
TRAMP_complex
Common type of liver cancer
Patel T (January 2011). "Expression and functional role of a transcribed noncoding RNA with an ultraconserved element in hepatocellular carcinoma". Proceedings
Hepatocellular_carcinoma
Explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
PMC 3505008. PMID 23189060. Robinson VL (2009). "Rethinking the central dogma: noncoding RNAs are biologically relevant". Urologic Oncology. 27 (3): 304–6. doi:10
Central dogma of molecular biology
Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology
Perreault J, Meyer MM, Breaker RR (December 2009). "Exceptional structured noncoding RNAs revealed by bacterial metagenome analysis". Nature. 462 (7273): 656–659
IMES-3_RNA_motif
Genes and regulatory proteins
stem from their involvement in translation control as Piwi and the small noncoding RNA, piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), have been known to co-fractionate polysomes
Piwi
Genetics method
2015). "Massively parallel quantification of the regulatory effects of noncoding genetic variation in a human cohort". Genome Research. 25 (8): 1206–1214
STARR-seq
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
that specified functional RNA molecules such as ribosomal RNA and tRNA (noncoding genes) as well as protein-coding genes. This idea of two kinds of genes
Gene
English businessman
community, taking bets on estimates of the total number of genes (and noncoding DNA) in the human genome. Birney is one of the founders of the Ensembl
Ewan_Birney
RNA family
Schultz PG (September 2005). "A strategy for probing the function of noncoding RNAs finds a repressor of NFAT". Science. 309 (5740): 1570–1573. Bibcode:2005Sci
NRON
NAMA (noncoding RNA associated with MAP kinase pathway and growth arrest) is a long non-coding RNA gene. It is induced by cell growth arrest, apoptosis
NAMA_(gene)
Concept in genetics
diversity, and negative correlation between gene density and diversity at noncoding DNA regions. Stochasticity associated with linkage to other genes that
Genetic_drift
Field of study
not clear which genes or proteins are responsible for this interaction. Noncoding RNAs also play a role in chronic pain. They include long ncRNAs, circular
Epigenetics_of_chronic_pain
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
DNA. Noncoding RNA molecules play many essential roles in cells, especially in the many reactions of protein synthesis and RNA processing. Noncoding genes
Human_genome
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
once considered neutral or close to neutral because they occurred in noncoding DNA or resulted in a synonymous substitution. However, many mutations
Natural_selection
CEF scientists also investigated the influence of novel, noncoding RNAs, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), on cellular function
Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes
Cluster_of_Excellence_Frankfurt_Macromolecular_Complexes
Method to detect power-law scaling in time series
Buldyrev; et al. (1995). "Long-Range Correlation-Properties of Coding And Noncoding Dna-Sequences- Genbank Analysis". Phys. Rev. E. 51 (5): 5084–5091. Bibcode:1995PhRvE
Detrended fluctuation analysis
Detrended_fluctuation_analysis
RNA family
self-cleaving ribozyme of about 168 nucleotides found in a very long noncoding RNA (vlincRNA) in humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. The word "hovlinc"
Hovlinc
Species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis
switches between acting as a saprophyte and a pathogen; however, several noncoding RNAs are thought to be required to induce this change.[citation needed]
Listeria_monocytogenes
Sections of the genome experiencing minimal changes across species
only reliably aligning to 1.8% of the fugu genome. Despite often being noncoding DNA, some ultraconserved elements have been found to be transcriptionally
Ultraconserved_element
Genus of aquatic plants
(2007). "Phylogenetic analysis of Nymphaeales using fast-evolving and noncoding chloroplast markers" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
Nymphaea
Species of ciliate protozoa
Stefan; Barciszewski, Jan (2020-10-01). The Chemical Biology of Long Noncoding RNAs. Springer Nature. p. 132. ISBN 978-3-030-44743-4. Wang Y, Sušac L
Tetrahymena_thermophila
Discipline in genetics
because of their small and compact genomes, which contain very little noncoding DNA compared to most species. The mammals dog (Canis familiaris), brown
Genomics
Family of inherited blood disorders
arranged into a heterotetramer. In thalassemia, patients have defects in the noncoding region of either the α or β-globin genes, causing ineffective production
Thalassemia
PAR-1 expression. Long noncoding RNA Madamanchi NR, Hu ZY, Li F, Horaist C, Moon SK, Patterson C, et al. (2002). "A noncoding RNA regulates human protease-activated
NCRUPAR
Species of bacterium
implicated in A. baumannii resistant strains. Bacterial small RNAs are noncoding RNAs that regulate various cellular processes. Three sRNAs, AbsR11, AbsR25
Acinetobacter_baumannii
essential for the formation and maintenance of paraspeckles. Thus, this novel noncoding RNA appears to have an important structural role in the nuclear paraspeckles
NEAT1
Genetic testing technique
Johnson BH, Kang GY, et al. (June 2011). "Precursor miR-886, a novel noncoding RNA repressed in cancer, associates with PKR and modulates its activity"
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization
Will S, Reiche K, Hofacker IL, Stadler PF, Backofen R (2007). "Inferring Noncoding RNA Families and Classes by Means of Genome-Scale Structure-Based Clustering"
Αr35_RNA
Region of the cell
to be controlled by the varying expression of intergenic spacer long noncoding RNA (IGS lncRNA). Under normal conditions, the genes that code for IGS
Detention center (cell biology)
Detention_center_(cell_biology)
RNA family
Landt SG, Lesley JA, Britos L, Shapiro L (September 2010). "CrfA, a Small Noncoding RNA Regulator of Adaptation to Carbon Starvation in Caulobacter crescentus"
CrfA_RNA
Species of flowering plant
"Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Fuchsia (Onagraceae) based on noncoding nuclear and chloroplast DNA data". American Journal of Botany. 91 (4):
Fuchsia_jimenezii
travel, tourism, insurance
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