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The NONCODE database is a collection of expression and functional lncRNA data obtained from re-annotated microarray studies. lncRNA Bu, Dechao; Yu, Kuntao;
NONCODE
DNA that does not code for proteins
for a number of other noncoding RNAs but noncoding RNA genes are much more common in eukaryotes. Typical classes of noncoding genes in eukaryotes include
Non-coding_DNA
Non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides
inactivation. List of long non-coding RNA databases NONCODE Pinc Sphinx (gene) VIS1 ZNRD1-AS1 Noncoding RNA Activated by DNA Damage Fernandes JC, Acuña SM
Long_non-coding_RNA
Class of ribonucleic acid that is not translated into proteins
have been achieved through both experimental and bioinformatic methods. Noncoding RNAs belong to several groups and are involved in many cellular processes
Non-coding_RNA
DNA strand with the same base sequence as an mRNA transcript
one strand is the coding strand (or sense strand), and the other is the noncoding strand (also called the antisense strand, anticoding strand, template
Coding_strand
of long noncoding RNA databases, which provide information about lncRNAs. Rinn, J. L.; Chang, H. Y. (2012). "Genome Regulation by Long Noncoding RNAs".
List of long non-coding RNA databases
List_of_long_non-coding_RNA_databases
Field of study
sperm epigenome in male mice. In particular, expression patterns of small-noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are altered in the sperm, as well as in stress-related
Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders
Epigenetics_of_anxiety_and_stress–related_disorders
Domesticated subspecies of red junglefowl
genome is 3.2 Gb. The final gene set contained 26,640 genes (including noncoding genes and pseudogenes), with a total of 19,119 protein-coding genes, a
Chicken
All genetic material of an organism
complex eukaryotes. Noncoding sequences include introns, sequences for non-coding RNAs, regulatory regions, and repetitive DNA. Noncoding sequences make up
Genome
Gene found in humans
subsequent study identified HOTAIR has 32 nucleotides long conserved noncoding element (CNE) that has a paralogous copy in HOXD cluster region (located
HOTAIR
Type of long noncoding RNA
Noncoding RNA Activated by DNA Damage (NORAD) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that responds to DNA damage and plays a significant role in preserving
Noncoding RNA Activated by DNA Damage
Noncoding_RNA_Activated_by_DNA_Damage
Species of bacterium
Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod-shaped, flagellate, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium and a species of the
Salmonella_enterica
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
MAPT antisense RNA 1 is a noncoding RNA that in humans is encoded by the MAPT-AS1 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information
MAPT-AS1
DNA sequence
A conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) is a DNA sequence of noncoding DNA that is evolutionarily conserved. Sequence conservation is a useful marker of
Conserved_non-coding_sequence
Small nuclear RNA in the species Homo sapiens
RNA, U12 small nuclear is a noncoding RNA that in humans is encoded by the RNU12 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000276027 – Ensembl, May 2017
RNU12
Property of nucleic acid strands with respect to their translatability into protein
the noncoding (template/antisense) strand. Note1: Except for the fact that all thymines are now uracils (T → U), it is complementary to the noncoding (template/antisense)
Sense_(molecular_biology)
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
TCL1 upstream neural differentiation-associated RNA is a long noncoding RNA that in humans is produced from the TUNAR gene. "Human PubMed Reference:"
TUNAR
American biologist
Vincent and Stella Coates Endowed Chair. He directs the Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs and the UCSF ViraCore facility. His research areas include RNA biology
Michael T. McManus (biologist)
Michael_T._McManus_(biologist)
Species of bacteria, cause of plague
were designed to model flea and mammal hosts. Numerous bacterial small noncoding RNAs have been identified to play regulatory functions. Some can regulate
Yersinia_pestis
Rare neurodegenerative disease
Mackenzie IR, Boeve BF, et al. Expanded GGGGCC Hexanucleotide Repeat in Noncoding Region of C9ORF72 Causes Chromosome 9p-Linked FTD and ALS. Neuron (Cambridge
ALS
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
contain membrane-bound nuclei with chromosomes that contain DNA with noncoding regions called introns and coding regions called exons. Fungi have membrane-bound
Fungus
American geneticist
discovering the functions of a new class of epigenetic regulators known as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including Xist and Tsix. Jeannie T. Lee received an AB
Jeannie_T._Lee
life, freshness or market stalls. Noncoded iconic is another part of Barthes' theory of understanding images. Noncoded has nothing to do with the emotions
Semiotics_of_photography
Generalized neurodevelopmental disorder
(2021). "Non-Syndromic Intellectual Disability and Its Pathways: A Long Noncoding RNA Perspective". Non-Coding RNA. 7 (1): 22. doi:10.3390/ncrna7010022
Intellectual_disability
Species of great ape
protein-coding genes and 9,066 noncoding genes, although cDNA sequencing confirmed only 20,478 protein-coding and 36,880 noncoding bonobo genes, similar to
Bonobo
Group of disorders
1177/107327481402100405. PMID 25310210. Skalsky RL, Cullen BR (2015). "EBV Noncoding RNAs". Epstein Barr Virus Volume 2. Current Topics in Microbiology and
Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases
Epstein–Barr_virus–associated_lymphoproliferative_diseases
Resistance to parasites, by targeting their DNA Bacteria and archaea Long noncoding RNA lncRNA Regulation of gene transcription, epigenetic regulation Eukaryotes
List_of_RNAs
Division of plants containing three genera of gymnosperms
Bobrova, V.; Pahnke, J.; Troitsky, A.; Antonov, A.; Martin, W. (1996). "Noncoding sequences from the slowly evolving chloroplast inverted repeat in addition
Gnetophyta
Selective breeding of plants and animals to serve humans
infestans. In coconut, genomic analysis of 10 microsatellite loci (of noncoding DNA) found two episodes of domestication based on differences between
Domestication
Concept in biology
evolution. De novo gene birth is very rare. The most probable path from noncoding DNA to a protein-coding gene is to first become a protogene, similar to
Evolutionary_tinkering
Negative regulation (or limiting) of body weight and cell proliferation
H19 is a gene for a long noncoding RNA, found in humans and elsewhere. H19 has a role in the negative regulation (or limiting) of body weight and cell
H19_(gene)
Segment of chromosome 20 in humans
Zuccato C, Cattaneo E, Stanton LW (2010). "The Human Accelerated Region 1 noncoding RNA is repressed by REST in Huntington's disease". Physiol Genomics. 41
Human_accelerated_region_1
that noncoding segments in an individual's genome are correlated with specific allelic sequences found adjacent to, or remote from, the noncoding sequences
Patentable subject matter in the United States
Patentable_subject_matter_in_the_United_States
Use of non-coding RNA to treat disease
the size of the ncRNA. Small noncoding RNA is usually categorized as being under 200 bp in length, whereas long noncoding RNA is greater than 200bp. In
NcRNA_therapy
Family of large biological molecules
translation. Next to be linked to regulation were Xist and other long noncoding RNAs associated with X chromosome inactivation. Their roles, at first
RNA
Cats with genetic anomaly that causes extra toes
usual number of toes on one or more of its paws. A point mutation in the noncoding region of the ZRS regulatory sequence causes abnormal SHH expression during
Polydactyl_cat
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
"Topological organization of multichromosomal regions by the long intergenic noncoding RNA Firre". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 21 (2): 198–206. doi:10
Firre
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
that specified functional RNA molecules such as ribosomal RNA and tRNA (noncoding genes) as well as protein-coding genes. This idea of two kinds of genes
Gene
Nucleic acid motif in molecular biology
PMC 318541. PMID 6694911. Kozak M (October 1987). "An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (20):
Kozak_consensus_sequence
Cellular mechanism
ends, called telomeres. The telomeres are long regions of repetitive noncoding DNA that cap chromosomes and undergo partial degradation each time a cell
DNA_repair
Family of viruses
poly-A tail is processed as a host mRNA. The RNA genome also has terminal noncoding regions, which are important in replication, and internal regions that
Retrovirus
RNA family
Klein RJ; Jones TA; Eddy SR (2001). "Computational identification of noncoding RNAs in E. coli by comparative genomics". Curr Biol. 11 (17): 1369–1373
GlmY_RNA
Medical condition
panels because the genetic mutation that causes CANVAS is found in the noncoding regions of DNA. CANVAS generally progresses slowly. As symptoms progress
Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome
Cerebellar_ataxia,_neuropathy,_vestibular_areflexia_syndrome
Difference in DNA among individuals or populations
of DNA has shown genetic variation in both coding regions and in the noncoding intron region of genes.[citation needed] Genetic variation will result
Genetic_variation
Arrangement of hereditary material
number (see the figure on the right). However, the ratio of coding to noncoding and repetitive sequences is indicative of the complexity of the genome:
Genomic_organization
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 21547902. Yang F, Xue X, Bi J, Zheng L, Zhi K, Gu Y, Fang G (2013). "Long noncoding RNA CCAT1, which could be activated by c-Myc, promotes the progression
Colon cancer associated transcript 1
Colon_cancer_associated_transcript_1
DNA sequences with no known biological function
Close to 99 percent of our genome has been historically classified as noncoding, useless "junk" DNA. Consequently, these sequences were rarely studied
Junk_DNA
Gene that lightens the coat colour of certain animals
C. Drogemuller, U. Philipp, B. Haase, A. R. Gunzel-Apel, T. Leeb: A noncoding melanophilin gene (MLPH) SNP at the splice donor of exon 1 represents
Dilution_gene
Group of cytokines
multilineage-colony-stimulating factor cDNA clone identified by a conserved noncoding sequence in mouse interleukin-3". Gene. 55 (1): 115–24. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90254-X
Interleukin
Species of fish
coding proteins, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a noncoding control region. Huckstorf, V. (2012). "Metzia formosae". IUCN Red List
Metzia_formosae
Largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
RelA, HAND1 and hTERT, among many others. It is now known that long noncoding RNAs originating from intergenic regions of the nucleolus are responsible
Nucleolus
Papilloma virus which infects certain leporids
differences in the E2 proteins likely determine how oncogenic a virus is. The noncoding region has a homologies with BPV1. Other homologies exist, such as the
Shope_papilloma_virus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
through the inhibition of mTORC1, not mTORC2. In fibrosis, nuclear long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19X repressed DDIT4L gene expression, specifically interacting
DDIT4L
Single stranded RNA
have been focusing on strand-specific transcription, chromatin binding noncoding RNAs and single cell studies. The idea of asRNAs as drug targets started
Antisense_RNA
Method to detect power-law scaling in time series
Buldyrev; et al. (1995). "Long-Range Correlation-Properties of Coding And Noncoding Dna-Sequences- Genbank Analysis". Phys. Rev. E. 51 (5): 5084–5091. Bibcode:1995PhRvE
Detrended fluctuation analysis
Detrended_fluctuation_analysis
Complex of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells
PMC 6312108. PMID 30367165. Portoso M, Cavalli G (2008). "The Role of RNAi and Noncoding RNAs in Polycomb Mediated Control of Gene Expression and Genomic Programming"
Chromatin
Family of regulator genes
in clinical trials. MYC expression is controlled by a wide variety of noncoding RNAs, including miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA. Some of these RNAs have been
Myc
American biochemist
2016). "Breaker 'vastly expanded our appreciation of the versatility of noncoding RNAs in biology'". www.asbmb.org. ASBMB. ASBMB. Stone, Melissa (25 February
Ronald_Breaker
Cancer of the lymphatic system
vIL-10 gene, BZLF1, and LMP1. Recent studies have also shown that the EBV noncoding RNA EBER2 can increase Burkitt lymphoma cell growth by upregulating UCHL1
Burkitt_lymphoma
Part of a gene that is spliced away
located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns
Intron
Genus of flowering plants
"Phylogenetic Relationships of Capsicum (Solanaceae) Using DNA Sequences from Two Noncoding Regions: The Chloroplast atpB-rbcL Spacer Region and Nuclear waxy Introns"
Capsicum
Discipline in genetics
because of their small and compact genomes, which contain very little noncoding DNA compared to most species. The mammals dog (Canis familiaris), brown
Genomics
RNA family
of the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman by a small noncoding RNA SprX1". Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 205 (6): 563–574. doi:10
SprX_small_RNA
Species of bacterium
SCO4676-associated transcripts. Targets of two of S. albidoflavus noncoding RNAs have been identified. Noncoding RNA of Glutamine Synthetase I was shown to modulate
Streptomyces_albidoflavus
American charitable foundation
College, Pitzer College, and Scripps College. The W.M. Keck Center for Noncoding RNA University of California, San Francisco The Keck Hall and the W.M
W._M._Keck_Foundation
Alexander van; Regev, Aviv (2009-07-14). "Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression"
RNA_immunoprecipitation_chip
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
were considered neutral or close to neutral because they occurred in noncoding DNA or resulted in a synonymous substitution. However, many mutations
Natural_selection
Class of enzymes
Spector DL (November 2008). "3' end processing of a long nuclear-retained noncoding RNA yields a tRNA-like cytoplasmic RNA". Cell. 135 (5): 919–32. doi:10
Ribonuclease_Z
Sequences of noncoding DNA
Recombination signal sequences are conserved sequences of noncoding DNA that are recognized by the RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex during V(D)J recombination
Recombination signal sequences
Recombination_signal_sequences
Genus of plants
"Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Fuchsia (Onagraceae) based on noncoding nuclear and chloroplast DNA data". American Journal of Botany. 91 (4):
Fuchsia
Macromolecular complex containing protein and RNA molecules
of RNAs that are not translated into protein, called large intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs). p53 suppression of genes is often carried out by a number
Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle
Heterogeneous_ribonucleoprotein_particle
Spector DL (November 2008). "3' end processing of a long nuclear-retained noncoding RNA yields a tRNA-like cytoplasmic RNA". Cell. 135 (5): 919–32. doi:10
David_L._Spector
Concept in genetics
diversity, and negative correlation between gene density and diversity at noncoding DNA regions. Stochasticity associated with linkage to other genes that
Genetic_drift
Genes and regulatory proteins
stem from their involvement in translation control as Piwi and the small noncoding RNA, piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), have been known to co-fractionate polysomes
Piwi
Will S, Reiche K, Hofacker IL, Stadler PF, Backofen R (2007). "Inferring Noncoding RNA Families and Classes by Means of Genome-Scale Structure-Based Clustering"
Αr35_RNA
Induction of a plant's flowering process
(2011). "Vernalization-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing by a Long Intronic Noncoding RNA". Science. 331 (6013): 76–9. Bibcode:2011Sci...331...76H. doi:10.1126/science
Vernalization
Field of study
not clear which genes or proteins are responsible for this interaction. Noncoding RNAs also play a role in chronic pain. They include long ncRNAs, circular
Epigenetics_of_chronic_pain
Sections of the genome experiencing minimal changes across species
only reliably aligning to 1.8% of the fugu genome. Despite often being noncoding DNA, some ultraconserved elements have been found to be transcriptionally
Ultraconserved_element
Sex chromosome in the XY sex-determination system
conversion. In the case of the Y chromosomes, the palindromes are not noncoding DNA; these strings of nucleotides contain functioning genes important
Y_chromosome
Protein-coding gene found in Drosophila melanogaster
Schweisguth F, Hirose S, et al. (December 2006). "Transcription of bxd noncoding RNAs promoted by trithorax represses Ubx in cis by transcriptional interference"
Ultrabithorax
Chemical compound
"Post-transcriptional pseudouridylation in mRNA as well as in some major types of noncoding RNAs". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
Pseudouridine
Common type of liver cancer
Patel T (January 2011). "Expression and functional role of a transcribed noncoding RNA with an ultraconserved element in hepatocellular carcinoma". Proceedings
Hepatocellular_carcinoma
American physician-scientist (born 1972)
in Molecular Biology for "discoveries of long noncoding RNAs and technologies unveiling the noncoding genome." 2018 - Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical
Howard_Y._Chang
Family of inherited blood disorders
arranged into a heterotetramer. In thalassemia, patients have defects in the noncoding region of either the α or β-globin genes, causing ineffective production
Thalassemia
Species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis
switches between acting as a saprophyte and a pathogen; however, several noncoding RNAs are thought to be required to induce this change.[citation needed]
Listeria_monocytogenes
Gene editing method
CRISPR-Cas systems can also be employed for editing of micro-RNA and long-noncoding RNA genes in plants. Directing edits to correct mutated sequences was
CRISPR_gene_editing
Explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
PMC 3505008. PMID 23189060. Robinson VL (2009). "Rethinking the central dogma: noncoding RNAs are biologically relevant". Urologic Oncology. 27 (3): 304–6. doi:10
Central dogma of molecular biology
Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology
Region of a transcribed gene present in the final functional mRNA molecule
Laurent, B (August 2021). "Exploring the Alternative Splicing of Long Noncoding RNAs". Trends in Genetics. 37 (8): 695–698. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2021.03
Exon
eukaryotic taxa. There is a positive correlation between genome size and noncoding DNA genome content with each group staying within some variation. When
Evolution of biological complexity
Evolution_of_biological_complexity
RNA family
Landt SG, Lesley JA, Britos L, Shapiro L (September 2010). "CrfA, a Small Noncoding RNA Regulator of Adaptation to Carbon Starvation in Caulobacter crescentus"
CrfA_RNA
Sequencing all the DNA of an individual at once
approximately 3,200 megabases, this translates into about 74 mutations (mostly in noncoding regions) in germline DNA per generation, but 3,776-5,312 somatic mutations
Whole_genome_sequencing
Genus of aquatic plants
(2007). "Phylogenetic analysis of Nymphaeales using fast-evolving and noncoding chloroplast markers" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
Nymphaea
Genetic testing technique
Johnson BH, Kang GY, et al. (June 2011). "Precursor miR-886, a novel noncoding RNA repressed in cancer, associates with PKR and modulates its activity"
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization
RNA family
PMC 1557403. PMID 16768793. Jin Y, Watt RM, Danchin A, Huang JD (2009). "Small noncoding RNA GcvB is a novel regulator of acid resistance in Escherichia coli"
GcvB_RNA
RNA family
vivo and in vitro analysis of bicistronic RNAs containing the HAV 5' noncoding region". Virology. 193 (2): 842–852. doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1193. PMID 8384758
Hepatitis A virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES)
Hepatitis_A_virus_internal_ribosome_entry_site_(IRES)
importance of genes related to key neurotransmitter systems, regulatory and noncoding regions were not taken into consideration. Family and twins studies may
Genomics of personality traits
Genomics_of_personality_traits
Multiprotein and heterotrimeric complex
activities. In this way, TRAMP plays a critical role in ridding the cell of noncoding transcripts generated through pervasive RNA polymerase II transcription
TRAMP_complex
Nimwegen E (January 2008). "Universal patterns of purifying selection at noncoding positions in bacteria". Genome Research. 18 (1): 148–60. doi:10.1101/gr
Streamlining_theory
Cell compartment found in the nucleus's interchromatin space
Akizuki G, Kumakura M, Kawaguchi A, Nagata K, et al. (February 2014). "Long noncoding RNA NEAT1-dependent SFPQ relocation from promoter region to paraspeckle
Paraspeckle
Skin cancer originating in melanocytes
animal model testing. Recent research has identified miR-139-5p, a small noncoding RNA, as a potential tumor suppressor in melanoma. Overexpression of miR-139-5p
Melanoma
NONCODE
NONCODE
NONCODE
NONCODE
Girl/Female
Tamil
Gopika | கோபீ, கோபிகா
A cowherd, Cowherd woman
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, British, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Awakened; Almighty Lord
Girl/Female
Biblical
The house of grace or mercy.
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Without Enemy
Boy/Male
Tamil
Shriansh | à®·à¯à®°à¯€à®†à®‚à®·
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Elder Sister
Male
Serbian
(Миљан) Serbian name MILJAN means "charming."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant of Neil.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hetarthi | ஹேதாரà¯à®¤à¯€
Love, Good thinking
Girl/Female
Tamil
To win, To conquer
NONCODE
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