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Type of mathematical model
In mathematical or statistical modeling a threshold model is any model where a threshold value, or set of threshold values, is used to distinguish ranges
Threshold_model
Main model used in radioprotection to minimize radiation exposures
The linear no-threshold model (LNT) is a dose-response model used in radiation protection to estimate stochastic health effects such as radiation-induced
Linear_no-threshold_model
Evolutionary theory explaining polygyny
polygyny threshold model is an evolutionary explanation of polygyny, the mating of one male of a species with more than one female. The model shows how
Polygyny_threshold_model
Topics referred to by the same term
threshold Renal threshold Seizure threshold Sensory threshold Threshold expression Threshold limit value Threshold model Threshold of pain Threshold potential
Threshold
Class of mating system in non-human species
why polygynous systems persist is explained by the polygyny threshold model. This model demonstrates the link between female reproductive success and
Polygyny_in_animals
Mathematical descriptions of the properties of certain cells in the nervous system
adaptive threshold neuron model showing more complex dynamics is shown in. The models in this category are generalized integrate-and-fire models that include
Biological_neuron_model
American sociologist (born 1943)
initial condition of threshold may only differ very slightly. This threshold model of social behavior was proposed previously by Thomas Schelling and
Mark_Granovetter
networks. The models capture some essential properties of such phenomenon. To describe and understand global cascades, a network-based threshold model has been
Global_cascades_model
Intense hostile emotional state of mind
model suggests that organizational norms establish emotion thresholds that may be crossed when employees feel anger. The first "expression threshold"
Anger
Unproven hypothesis regarding low doses of ionizing radiation on health
as a possibility. Therefore, estimating linear no-threshold model (LNT) continues to be the model generally used by regulatory agencies for human radiation
Radiation_hormesis
Models include the independent cascade model, linear threshold model, energy model, HISBmodel, and Galam's Model. The Independent Cascade (IC) model is
Rumor spread in social network
Rumor_spread_in_social_network
Derived SI unit of equivalent dose of ionizing radiation
eventually developing fatal cancer based on the disputed linear no-threshold model of ionizing radiation exposure. To calculate the value of stochastic
Sievert
Such numbers are based on the heavily contested linear no-threshold model. This no-threshold epidemiology problem is not unique to Chernobyl, and similarly
Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster
Deaths_due_to_the_Chernobyl_disaster
Disorders from genes and environment combined
foot, cancer, birth defects and even dandruff. The multifactorial threshold model assumes that gene defects for multifactorial traits are usually distributed
Multifactorial_disease
Self-sustaining action that creates growth
mass is achieved is sometimes referred to as a threshold within the threshold model of statistical modeling. The term "critical mass" is borrowed from nuclear
Critical_mass_(sociodynamics)
If a threshold voter model does not fixate, the process should be expected to will coexist for small threshold and cluster for large threshold, where
Voter_model
Sports term
attentional threshold model, a performance decrement is caused by exceeded threshold of attentional capacity. This model combines both the self-focus models and
Choke_(sports)
Paradigm in the science of memory
According to this model, a test item is either recognized (i.e., it falls above a threshold) or it is not (i.e., it falls below a threshold), with no degrees
Remember versus know judgements
Remember_versus_know_judgements
honey bee colonies is the Response-Threshold Model. It predicts that individual worker bees have inherent thresholds to stimuli associated with different
Task allocation and partitioning in social insects
Task_allocation_and_partitioning_in_social_insects
Fundraising method
The threshold pledge or fund and release system is a way of making a fundraising pledge as a group of individuals, often involving charitable goals or
Threshold_pledge_system
Practice of a person marrying a spouse of higher social status
(sociology) Mating system Physical attractiveness Polygamy Polygyny threshold model Resource acquisition ability Sexual capital Sexual economics Sexual
Hypergamy
Characteristic of biological processes
policy-making purposes, the commonly accepted model of dose response in radiobiology is the linear no-threshold model (LNT), which assumes a strictly linear
Hormesis
Statistical model for time series data
Self-Exciting Threshold AutoRegressive (SETAR) models are typically applied to time series data as an extension of autoregressive models, in order to allow
SETAR_(model)
Threshold dose is the minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal. At extremely low doses, biological responses
Threshold_dose
Assessment of Chernobyl's impact on Earth since 1986
unlike the linear no-threshold model used for cancer risk, malformation of organs is a deterministic effect with a threshold dose below which no rate
Effects of the Chernobyl disaster
Effects_of_the_Chernobyl_disaster
Type of machine learning model
The qualifier "large" in "large language model" is inherently vague, as there is no definitive threshold for the number of parameters required to qualify
Large_language_model
Female who is in an extra-marital sexual relationship
mistress French royal mistresses Russian royal mistresses Polygyny threshold model "Mistress definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www
Mistress_(lover)
Measure of organism response to stimulus
published a documentary series on the origins of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model though the society has not adopted a policy on LNT." Due to cooperative
Dose–response_relationship
Nepeta cataria; species of plant
89 for catnip response behavior, indicating a polygenic liability threshold model. A study published in January 2021 suggests that felines are specifically
Catnip
Property of a field-effect transistor
enhancement-mode nMOS MOSFET, the body effect upon threshold voltage is computed according to the Shichman–Hodges model, which is accurate for older process nodes
Threshold_voltage
Harmful high-frequency radiation
quantitative models predicting the level of risk remain controversial.[citation needed] The most widely accepted model, the linear no-threshold model (LNT),
Ionizing_radiation
Topics referred to by the same term
human rights movement in Pakistan for the Pashtun people Polygyny threshold model, a theory explaining polygyny Portugal. The Man, an American rock band
PTM
2011 nuclear accident in Japan
linear, and with obvious thresholds. The WHO reports that the radiation levels from the accident were below the thresholds for deterministic effects
Fukushima_nuclear_accident
Topics referred to by the same term
Alliant Energy (stock symbol LNT) Leave No Trace camping Linear no-threshold model for ionizing radiation Latvijas Neatkarīgā Televīzija, TV station Lean
LNT
Species delimitation method in molecular systematics
species. The model identifies a "threshold" time point where there is a significant shift in branching rates. It compares a null model, in which a single
General mixed Yule–coalescent model
General_mixed_Yule–coalescent_model
Image segmentation algorithm
In digital image processing, thresholding is the simplest method of segmenting images. From a grayscale image, thresholding can be used to create binary
Thresholding (image processing)
Thresholding_(image_processing)
1439-0310.1968.tb00011.x. PMID 5684149. Dawkins, Richard (1969). "A threshold model of choice behaviour". Animal Behaviour. 17: 120–133. doi:10.1016/0003-3472(69)90120-1
Richard_Dawkins_bibliography
Cancer caused by ionizing radiation exposure
the globe. Such numbers are based on the heavily contested linear no-threshold model. Of the 100 million curies (4 exabecquerels) of radioactive material
Radiation-induced_cancer
2026 large language model by OpenAI
2026, OpenAI confirmed that its unreleased Astra model has reached a critical cyber capability threshold, which could pose cybersecurity risks. However
GPT-5.6
Persons exposed to nuclear test fallout
radiation received and the duration of exposure, using the linear no-threshold model (LNT). Sex, age, race, culture, occupation, class, location, and simultaneous
Downwinders
Theory in continuum mechanics
complex model that is based on ideas from dislocation dynamics is the Mechanical Threshold Stress (MTS) model. This model has been used to model the plastic
Viscoplasticity
Sub-class of survival models
First-hitting-time models can be applied to expected lifetimes, of patients or mechanical devices. When the process reaches an adverse threshold state for the
First-hitting-time_model
staunch opponent of the so-called Linear no-threshold model (LNT) which postulates there exists no safe threshold for radiation exposure. His view which has
Bernard_Cohen_(physicist)
Isotope of plutonium
million people. However, this estimate is based on the dose-linear no-threshold model which has been criticised. Orally ingested plutonium is by far less
Plutonium-239
Transistor current
gate-to-source voltages below the threshold voltage. The amount of subthreshold conduction in a transistor is set by its threshold voltage, which is the minimum
Subthreshold_conduction
Statistical technique
options) [6] package polychoric in Stata by Stas Kolenikov [7] Liability threshold model "Base SAS(R) 9.3 Procedures Guide: Statistical Procedures, Second Edition"
Polychoric_correlation
Quantum error correction schemes can suppress the logical error rate arbitrarily low
analogue to von Neumann's threshold theorem for classical computation. This result was proven independently (for various error models) by the groups of Dorit
Threshold_theorem
Point at which a population cannot survive
Metapopulation-type models are used to predict extinction thresholds. The classic metapopulation model is the Levins Model, which is the model of metapopulation
Extinction_threshold
Physical or chemical agent that increases the rate of genetic mutation
threshold for mutagens. However, the no-threshold model is disputed with some arguing for a dose rate dependent threshold for mutagenesis. Some have proposed
Mutagen
Hypothetical spacecraft propulsion through continuous nuclear explosions for thrust
In a threshold model, such extremely low levels of thinly distributed radiation would have no associated ill-effects, while under hormesis models, such
Nuclear_pulse_propulsion
American geneticist
Gianola published extensively on thresholds models, Bayesian theory, prediction of complex traits using mixed model methodology, hierarchical Bayesian
Daniel_Gianola
Mathematical function conceived as a crude model
linear threshold function, or McCulloch–Pitts (MCP) neuron, depending on the structure used. Simple artificial neurons, such as the McCulloch–Pitts model, are
Artificial_neuron
Brain's and mind's resilience to brain damage
reserve capacity threshold model, which proposes that clinical symptoms emerge only once accumulated brain damage exceeds a critical threshold. Within this
Cognitive_reserve
Result of nuclear radiation exposure
life. According to the controversial but commonly applied linear no-threshold model, any exposure to ionizing radiation, even at doses too low to produce
Acute_radiation_syndrome
Threshold of percolation theory models
simplified lattice models of random systems or networks (graphs), and the nature of the connectivity in them. The percolation threshold is the critical value
Percolation_threshold
Measurement model
interpretation of the model. The model is sometimes referred to as the Rating Scale Model when (i) items have the same number of thresholds and (ii) in turn
Polytomous_Rasch_model
Species of bird
monogamous relationship. These findings are consistent with the polygyny threshold model, which is depicted at the right. Additionally, the secondary female
European_pied_flycatcher
Radioactive isotope of cobalt
not suffer a higher incidence of cancer mortality, as the linear no-threshold model would predict, but suffered a lower cancer mortality than the general
Cobalt-60
male may have multiple females nesting in his territory. Polygyny threshold model "Resource defense polygyny". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved
Resource_defense_polygyny
Artificial intelligence model paradigm
termed "frontier models", whether because they expand the frontier (state of the art) or because they are considered above a certain threshold of risk. There
Foundation_model
Effects of radiation released from the Fukushima nuclear accident
A June 2012 Stanford University study estimated, using a linear no-threshold model, that the radioactivity release from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear
Radiation effects from the Fukushima nuclear accident
Radiation_effects_from_the_Fukushima_nuclear_accident
of noise from which the threshold is determined using the model Coudray, Nicolas; Buessler, Urban (2010). "Robust threshold estimation for images with
Unimodal_thresholding
Equations modelling predator–prey cycles
predator-prey model". Physics of Plasmas. 29 (2): 022302. arXiv:2110.11557. doi:10.1063/5.0076085. S2CID 239616189. Tong, H. (1983). Threshold Models in Non-linear
Lotka–Volterra_equations
threshold is approached from either side. To include the frequency dependent behavior in electronic components, a resistor-capacitor model (R-C model)
Conductivity near the percolation threshold
Conductivity_near_the_percolation_threshold
Bone development disease
pattern is explained as a heterogenous disorder using a polygenic threshold model. The PITX1-TBX4 transcriptional pathway has become key to the study
Clubfoot
Measure of ionization of air by ionizing radiation
this threshold of 100 mSv will produce a direct increase in probability of incurring cancer. This dose-response model is known as 'linear-non-threshold' or
Radiation_exposure
Minimum sound level that an average human can hear
The absolute threshold of hearing (ATH), also known as the absolute hearing threshold or auditory threshold, is the minimum sound level of a pure tone
Absolute_threshold_of_hearing
Electric compact crossover SUV
Germany. The 2026 Model Y Performance was priced at $89,400 (before on-road costs) to remain below the Australian Luxury Car Tax (LCT) threshold for fuel-efficient
Tesla_Model_Y
Point in time when a group rapidly and dramatically changes its behaviour
Thomas Schelling in 1971. A similar idea underlies Mark Granovetter's threshold model of collective behavior. The phrase has extended beyond its original
Tipping_point_(sociology)
Branch of pharmacology
Jager T, Albert C, Preuss TG, Ashauer R (April 2011). "General unified threshold model of survival--a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic framework for ecotoxicology"
Pharmacokinetics
Cheating, adultery, or having an affair
Emotional affair Financial infidelity Fornication Open marriage Polygyny threshold model Relational transgressions Seduction Zināʾ Regan, Pamela C. (2015).
Infidelity
research concerns the ecology and evolution of behavior. The 'hierarchy-threshold' model of diet choice, has been useful in understanding how animals (particularly
Steven_Courtney
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
performance of a binary classifier model (although it can be generalized to multiple classes) at varying threshold values. ROC analysis is commonly applied
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
Method of selection in selective breeding
distributions. On a binary trait, it can be modeled easily using the liability threshold model. It is considered an easy and efficient method of breeding. In computer
Truncation_selection
Risk assessment ratio in toxicology
radiation risk extrapolation fallacy associated with the linear-no-threshold model". Human & Experimental Toxicology. 27 (2): 163–168. Bibcode:2008HETox
Margin_of_exposure
Minimum income deemed adequate to live in a specific country or place
The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line, or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line
Poverty_threshold
Discontinued US research program on the viability of nuclear pulse propulsion
and 1 fatal cancers from the fallout. That estimate is based on no-threshold model assumptions, a method often used in estimates of statistical deaths
Project Orion (nuclear propulsion)
Project_Orion_(nuclear_propulsion)
Concept in machine learning
near the interpolation threshold, where the number of parameters is the same as the number of training data points (the model is just large enough to
Double_descent
Legacy of the 1999 Columbine massacre
journalist Malcolm Gladwell writing in The New Yorker magazine proposed a threshold model of school shootings in which Harris and Klebold were the triggering
Columbine_effect
Type of large language model
appear once models exceed certain thresholds in size and training scale. This phenomenon has influenced the development of larger GPT models and contributed
Generative pre-trained transformer
Generative_pre-trained_transformer
Branch of statistics focusing on large deviations
values exceed a certain threshold (falls below a certain threshold). This method is generally referred to as the peak over threshold method (POT). For AMS
Extreme_value_theory
Type of sexual conflict
on the same locus in both sexes. The first model of interlocus sexual conflict, the genetic threshold model, was developed by Parker to explain sexual
Interlocus_sexual_conflict
Physical anomaly involving extra fingers or toes
Lange, Axel; Nemeschkal, Hans L.; Müller, Gerd B. (2018-09-01). "A threshold model for polydactyly". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. Biological
Polydactyly
Type of probability threshold analysis
is derived from the threshold probability. The predictor could be a binary classifier, or a percentage risk from a prediction model, in which case a positive
Decision_curve_analysis
Audio equipment manufacturing company
incorporated Threshold as co-founders in Sacramento, California on December 5, 1974. The first amplifier sold by Threshold was the model 800A, introduced
Threshold_Audio
The MASTAR (Model for Analog Simulation of subThreshold, saturation and weak Avalanche Regions) is an analytical model of Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect
MASTAR_MOSFET_Model
Motors for model rockets and high-powered rockets (together, consumer rockets) are classified by total impulse into a set of letter-designated ranges
Model rocket motor classification
Model_rocket_motor_classification
Study of interactions between the toxicant and a biological target
(CBR model) or irreversible interactions (CTO model). TKTD models that incorporate damage are the Damage Assessment Model (DAM) and the Threshold Damage
Toxicodynamics
The most popular current model of self-organization in ants and other social insects is the response threshold model. A threshold for a particular task is
Patterns of self-organization in ants
Patterns_of_self-organization_in_ants
American biologist (1890–1967)
argued that no threshold dose of radiation existed that did not produce mutagenesis, which led to the adoption of the linear no-threshold model of radiation
Hermann_Joseph_Muller
function Logistic distribution SETAR (model) Chan, K. S.; Tong, H. (1986). "On Estimating Thresholds in Autoregressive Models". Journal of Time Series Analysis
STAR_model
Range of safety measures
These ideas are combined to form the linear no-threshold model which says that there is not a threshold at which there is an increase in the rate of occurrence
Radiation_protection
Scottish geneticist
plasticity. In 1964, he introduced the use of liability threshold models into human disease & trait modeling. In 1973, he was announced as a Fellow of the Royal
Douglas_Scott_Falconer
accepted by society is not expected. Dose-response relationship Linear no-threshold model Derelanko, M.J. and Hollinger, M.A. (Eds). CRC Handbook of Toxicology
Virtually_safe_dose
began with a theoretic analysis of the threshold model often assumed to underlie the calculation of thresholds for binary (e.g., left vs right) data acquired
Dan_Merfeld
Estimation of effect of genetic variation on phenotypic variation of a trait
past a threshold, manifests itself as the trait, giving the liability threshold model in which heritability can be estimated and selection modeled. Additive
Heritability
linear model has its maximum uncertainty. From the statistical evidence available, a threshold exposure cannot be excluded; if such a threshold exists
Health_effects_of_radon
work builds on Granovetter’s work on the strength of weak ties and threshold models of collective behavior, as well as Duncan Watts and Steve Strogatz’s
Complex_contagion
Biological neuron model
spike response model (SRM) is a spiking neuron model in which spikes are generated by either a deterministic or a stochastic threshold process. In the
Spike_response_model
Nuclear and radiation accidents by casualties
as a result of worldwide Chernobyl fallout by assuming a linear no-threshold model for very low doses. A Greenpeace report puts this figure at 200,000
List of nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll
List_of_nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_by_death_toll
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