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System that relates geologic strata to time
The geologic time scale or geological time scale describes how geologic time is divided into standardised intervals. It uses the rock record together
Geologic_time_scale
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up time scale in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Time scale may refer to: Time standard, a specification of either the rate at which time passes
Time_scale
Unification of discrete and continuous theories of calculus
In mathematics, time-scale calculus is a unification of the theory of difference equations with that of differential equations, unifying integral and differential
Time-scale_calculus
Time standard
In time standards, dynamical time is the independent variable of the equations of celestial mechanics. This is in contrast to time scales such as mean
Dynamical_time_scale
Stellar astronomy - time scale
In astrophysics, the thermal time scale or Kelvin–Helmholtz time scale is the approximate time it takes for a star to radiate away its total kinetic energy
Thermal_time_scale
Primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time
UTC time scale, the second and all smaller time units (millisecond, microsecond, etc.) are of constant duration, but the minute and all larger time units
Coordinated_Universal_Time
Changing the speed or duration of an audio signal without affecting its pitch
Time stretching is the process of changing the speed or duration of an audio signal without affecting its pitch. Pitch scaling is the opposite: the process
Audio time stretching and pitch scaling
Audio_time_stretching_and_pitch_scaling
System of dividing geologic time in New Zealand
geologic time scale, many nations–especially those with isolated and therefore non-standard prehistories–use their own systems of dividing geologic time into
New Zealand geologic time scale
New_Zealand_geologic_time_scale
History of Earth 4600–539 million years ago
geologic time. The Precambrian is an informal unit of geologic time, subdivided into three eons (Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic) of the geologic time scale. It
Precambrian
Reversal of direction of Earth's magnetic field
produced the first magnetic-polarity time scale in 1959. As they accumulated data, they continued to refine this scale in competition with Don Tarling and
Geomagnetic_reversal
Date and time representation system widely used in computing
seconds in civil time is being considered. A likely means to execute this change is to define a new time scale, called International Time[citation needed]
Unix_time
traditional three. The dates for each age can vary by region. On the geologic time scale, the Holocene epoch starts at the end of the last glacial period of the
List_of_time_periods
Fictional storytelling device
rewritten, they often retain key events which are updated to a contemporary time. Floating timelines are used as a plot device to "explain or explain away
Floating_timeline
History and future of the universe
8 billion years of cosmic time, the universe's large-scale behavior is believed to have gradually changed for the third time in its history. Its behavior
Chronology_of_the_universe
Time standard based on atomic clocks
worldwide. It is a continuous scale of time, without leap seconds, and it is the principal realisation of Terrestrial Time (with a fixed offset of epoch)
International_Atomic_Time
Timekeeping system on Earth relative to the celestial sphere
locate the positions of celestial objects in the night sky. Sidereal time is a "time scale that is based on Earth's rate of rotation measured relative to the
Sidereal_time
time scales in astronomy have led to continue refinements in the definition of time. Some of the time standard scales are sidereal time, solar time,
Astronomical_time
Third and current period of the Cenozoic Era, from 2.58 million years ago to the present
most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), as well as the
Quaternary
Time standard used in astronomical ephemerides
a former standard astronomical time scale adopted in 1952 by the IAU, and superseded during the 1970s. This time scale was proposed in 1948, to overcome
Ephemeris_time
Time in astronomy
Local mean time (LMT) is a form of solar time that corrects the variations of local apparent time, forming a uniform time scale at a specific longitude
Local_mean_time
Time coordinate in relativity theory
time is defined throughout the spacetime manifold, whereas a physical clock follows a specific worldline. A coordinate time scale (or coordinate time
Coordinate_time
Time standard based on the slowing rotation of the Earth
uses a time scale they derive, Teph, which is functionally equivalent to TDB. Schlyter, Paul. "Time Scales: UT1, UTC, TAI, ET, TT, GPS time". stjarnhimlen
Universal_Time
Time standard for astronomical observations from the Earth
approximate it. TT is distinct from the time scale often used as a basis for civil purposes, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). TT is indirectly the basis of
Terrestrial_Time
Calculation of elapsed time by the apparent position of the sun
the local meridian. As of 2009[update], this is realized with the UT1 time scale, constructed mathematically from very-long-baseline interferometry observations
Solar_time
SI unit of time
international standard for timekeeping is Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). This time scale "ticks" the same atomic seconds as TAI, but inserts or omits
Second
Time scale used in scientific disciplines
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when
Before_Present
Geological dating system of the Moon
boundaries of this time scale are related to large impact events that have modified the lunar surface, changes in crater formation through time, and the size-frequency
Lunar_geologic_timescale
Specification for measuring time
kind of time standard can be a time scale, specifying a method for measuring divisions of time. A standard for civil time can specify both time intervals
Time_standard
Scientific agency in the United States
the time reports of the majority. It is the combined 'vote' of the ensemble that constitutes the otherwise-fictitious "Master Clock". The time-scale computations
United States Naval Observatory
United_States_Naval_Observatory
Aspect of music
arts, rhythm is the timing of events on a human scale; of musical sounds and silences that occur over time, of the steps of a dance, or the meter of spoken
Rhythm
Concept in astrophysics
The free-fall time is the characteristic time that would take a body to collapse under its own gravitational attraction, if no other forces existed to
Free-fall_time
Linear scaling of Barycentric Coordinate Time
Dynamical Time (TDB, from the French Temps Dynamique Barycentrique) is a relativistic coordinate time scale, intended for astronomical use as a time standard
Barycentric_Dynamical_Time
Characteristic time in a system
an exponential decay with time constant τ. The time constant sets the characteristic time scale of this decay: after one time constant, the response has
Time_constant
Time interval in science
the e-folding time. The process of evolving to equilibrium is often characterized by a time scale called the e-folding time, τ. This time is used for processes
E-folding
Second geologic period in the Cenozoic Era
Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (eds.). A Geologic Time Scale 2004. pp. 409–440. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511536045. ISBN 978-0-521-78673-7
Neogene
Third and last period of the Neoproterozoic Era
Nicholas (March 2006). "The Ediacaran Period: a new addition to the geologic time scale" (PDF). Lethaia. 39 (1). Taylor & Francis: 13–30. doi:10.1080/00241160500409223
Ediacaran
First period of the Neoproterozoic Era
the Cryogenian. The Tonian was defined in 1990 by the New Precambrian time scale as being from 1000 to 850 Mya. The name Tonian comes from Ancient Greek:
Tonian
Sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era
Stratigraphy (ICS)". Geologic Time Scale 2004. Retrieved September 19, 2005. Examples of Permian Fossils Permian (chronostratigraphy scale) Schneebeli-Hermann,
Permian
Continuous progression from past to future
or periods, ordered from shortest to longest. Practical, human-scale measurements of time are performed using clocks and calendars, reflecting a 24-hour
Time
Fourth era of the Archean Eon
Huronian glaciation Plumb, Kenneth A. (June 1991). "New Precambrian time scale". Episodes. 14 (2): 139–140. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i2/005. eISSN 2586-1298
Neoarchean
Comparison of a wide range of timescales
time by the application of SI prefixes to it; at least up to giga-annum or Ga, equal to 1 000 000 000 a (short scale: one billion years, long scale:
Orders_of_magnitude_(time)
Second period of the Paleoproterozoic Era
Retrieved December 10, 2025. Plumb, Kenneth A. (June 1991). "New Precambrian time scale". Episodes. 14 (2): 139–140. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i2/005. eISSN 2586-1298
Rhyacian
Third and current era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Smith, David G.; Smith, Alan G. (1990). "The Chronostratic Scale". A Geologic Time Scale 1989. Cambridge, England, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Cenozoic
Lunar geologic period
Martel, Linda M. V. (2004-09-28). "Lunar Crater Rays Point to a New Lunar Time Scale". Hawaiʻi Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP). Planetary Science
Copernican_period
Third and last era of the Proterozoic Eon
Neoproterozoic oxygenation event Plumb, Kenneth A. (June 1991). "New Precambrian time scale". Episodes. 14 (2): 139–140. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i2/005. eISSN 2586-1298
Neoproterozoic
Second epoch of the Neogene Period
oʊ-/ PLY-ə-seen, PLY-oh-; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58 million years ago (Ma). It is the second
Pliocene
Records of Earth's development
biological evolution. The geological time scale (GTS), as defined by international convention, depicts the large spans of time from the beginning of Earth to
History_of_Earth
First era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Paleozoic's relatively low biodiversity. Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time Precambrian – History of Earth 4600–539 million
Paleozoic
Second period of the Neoproterozoic Era, with major glaciation
subject to variable interpretation and laboratory error. For instance, the time scale of the Cambrian Period is not reckoned by rock younger than a given age
Cryogenian
Geologic eon, 4567–4031 million years ago
Toward a 'natural' Precambrian time scale". In Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (eds.). A Geologic Time Scale. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Hadean
Subdivision of Cretaceous Period
two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous
Late_Cretaceous
Latest age of the Triassic Period
implications for the Triassic time scale, Episodes 28(4), pp. 233–244. Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University
Rhaetian
Third stage of the Holocene epoch
Mawmluh Cave site being the "GSSP of the youngest unit of the geologic time scale associated with dramatic climate changes with implications on human civilisation
Meghalayan
American data annotation company
agentic AI behaviors. Scale AI's customers in the commercial sector have included Google, Microsoft, Meta, General Motors, OpenAI, and Time. The company also
Scale_AI
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
exposed Devonian fossil beds in the world. Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time List of Early Devonian land plants List of fossil
Devonian
Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago
Earth's history, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8 Ma, and is the longest eon of Earth's geologic time scale. It is preceded by the Archean
Proterozoic
Smallest length scales in turbulent fluid flow
{\tfrac {\nu }{\varepsilon }}}} which is the Kolmogorov time scale. Similarly, the Kolmogorov length scale is the only combination of ε and ν that has dimension
Kolmogorov_microscales
Geologic eon, 4031–2500 million years ago
the universe Earliest known life forms Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time Geological history of oxygen History of Earth –
Archean
Study of past life through fossils
sciences, being utilized for biostratigraphy to reconstruct the geologic time scale of Earth, or in studies on extinction to establish both external and internal
Paleontology
Earliest age on the geologic time scale of the Pliocene era
is the lowest stage or earliest age on the geologic time scale of the Pliocene. It spans the time between 5.332 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and 3.6
Zanclean
Changing the resolution of a digital image
In computer graphics and digital imaging, image scaling is the resizing of a digital image. In video technology, the magnification of digital material
Image_scaling
developed and several laboratories began atomic time scales. A new time scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) was adopted internationally in 1972
Time_in_New_Zealand
Second age of the late Triassic
implications for the Triassic time scale, Episodes 28(4), pp. 233–244. Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University
Norian
Scientific dating of the Earth
Huang, Zehui (1995). "A Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Time Scale". Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. doi:10.2110/pec.95
Age_of_Earth
First period of the Mesoproterozoic Era
subject to metamorphism Plumb, Kenneth A. (June 1991). "New Precambrian time scale". Episodes. 14 (2): 139–140. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i2/005. eISSN 2586-1298
Calymmian
First age of the Late Triassic epoch
Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press. Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M.D. & Ogg, G.M.; 2012: The Geologic Time Scale 2012, Elsevier
Carnian
First period of the Mesozoic Era
and overlying Hassberge Formation in Schönbuch, Germany On the geologic time scale, the Triassic is usually divided into Early, Middle, and Late Triassic
Triassic
Time scale for rail transport
Railway time was the standardised time arrangement first applied by the Great Western Railway in England in November 1840, the first recorded occasion
Railway_time
Third period of the Paleoproterozoic Era
the end of this period. Plumb, Kenneth A. (June 1991). "New Precambrian time scale". Episodes. 14 (2): 139–140. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i2/005. eISSN 2586-1298
Orosirian
Second era of the Proterozoic Eon
Geologic Time Scale". Lethaia. 37 (2): 183–199. doi:10.1080/00241160410006492. Gradstein, F.M.; et al., eds. (2012). The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Vol
Mesoproterozoic
Time-domain harmonic scaling (TDHS) is a method for time-scale modification of speech (or other audio signals), allowing the apparent rate of speech articulation
Time-domain_harmonic_scaling
Third period of the Paleozoic Era
other in England and Wales, which was the germ of the modern geological time scale. As it was first identified, the "Silurian" series when traced farther
Silurian
Subdivision of the Pleistocene Epoch
Calabrian is a subdivision of the Pleistocene Epoch of the geologic time scale, defined as 1.8 Ma—774,000 years ago ± 5,000 years, a period of ~1.026 million
Calabrian_stage
Measurement unit for time
usually measured in million years. The geological time scale relates stratigraphy to time. The deep time of Earth's past is divided into units according
Unit_of_time
Determining production capacity needed for product demand
scaling up web applications, however IT capacity planning has been developed with the goal of forecasting the requirements for this vertical scaling approach
Capacity_planning
Latest age of the Pliocene
Piacenzian is, in the international geologic time scale, the upper stage or latest age of the Pliocene. It spans the time between 3.6 ± 0.005 Ma and 2.58 Ma (million
Piacenzian
Third and final epoch of the Triassic Period
third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded
Late_Triassic
Fourth and last period of the Paleoproterozoic Era
0.8 billion years ago Plumb, Kenneth A. (June 1991). "New Precambrian time scale". Episodes. 14 (2): 139–140. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i2/005. eISSN 2586-1298
Statherian
Washington: 1999. M. Covell, M. Withgott, and M. Slaney, “Mach1: Nonuniform time-scale modification of speech,” in Proc. ICASSP, vol. 1. Seattle, USA: IEEE,
Time-compressed_speech
2006–08 Indian government agency
escort cars. "IPS promotion to Senior Scale, Junior Administrative Grade, Super Time Scale, Above Super Time Scale - guidelines" (PDF). N Delhi: MHA. 15
Sixth_Central_Pay_Commission
Dimensionless quantity associated with free convection of a fluid
the time scale for diffusive thermal transport to the time scale for convective thermal transport at speed u {\displaystyle u} : R a = time scale for
Rayleigh_number
Fourth and current eon of the geological timescale
the latest of the four geologic eons in the Earth's geologic time scale, covering the time period from 538.8 ± 0.6 million years ago to the present. It
Phanerozoic
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
Forke, H.C.; Grunt, T.A.; et al. (2006). "Global time scale and regional stratigraphic reference scales of Central and West Europe, East Europe, Tethys
Carboniferous
Geologic age in the Late Cretaceous
Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G.; Smith, A.G., eds. (2004). A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78142-8
Campanian
Measure of a civilization's evolution
The Kardashev scale (Russian: шкала Кардашёва, romanized: shkala Kardashova) is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement
Kardashev_scale
System property to handle growing work
Scalability is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of work. One definition for software systems specifies that this may be done by adding
Scalability
Australia has kept a version of the UTC atomic time scale since the 1990s, but Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) remained the formal basis for the standard
Time_in_Australia
Level at which a phenomenon occurs or is described
In geography, scale is the level at which a geographical phenomenon occurs or is described. This concept is derived from the map scale in cartography.
Scale_(geography)
0:00:00 begins daily at sunset rather than midnight
Byzantine time is the final Greek Anno Mundi method of keeping time that originated in the Byzantine Empire. It is now rarely used in Europe save for
Byzantine_time
Time scale used by NASA during their space missions
Mission Elapsed Time (MET) is used by NASA during their space missions, most notably during their Space Shuttle missions. Due to the fact that timing is
Mission_Elapsed_Time
Dimensionless quantity related to transient heat conduction
conduction, the Fourier number is the ratio of time t {\displaystyle t} , to a characteristic time scale for heat diffusion t d {\displaystyle t_{d}}
Fourier_number
Third and final series of the Permian
from the latest Permian (Changhsingian) Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time Cisuralian – First series of the Permian "International
Lopingian
Approximations that apply at multiple scales
In mathematics and physics, multiple-scale analysis (also called the method of multiple scales) comprises techniques used to construct uniformly valid
Multiple-scale_analysis
Second period of the Mesoproterozoic Era
named after the Urals Plumb, Kenneth A. (June 1991). "New Precambrian time scale". Episodes. 14 (2): 139–140. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i2/005. eISSN 2586-1298
Ectasian
Branch of stratigraphy
geologic time, as represented in geologic time scales. A geologic time scale is a scheme that integrates the geochronologic subdivisions of geologic time and
Geochronometry
Sub-class of survival models
actually the Full Duration at Half Maximum as the independent variable is time – scales like F W H M ∼ t . {\displaystyle {\rm {FWHM}}\sim {\sqrt {t}}.} Using
First-hitting-time_model
Estimate of the lifetime of a star
(F is generally equal to .1 or so). As an example, the Sun's nuclear time scale is approximately 10 billion years. Straka, C. W.; Tscharnuter, W. M. (2001)
Nuclear_timescale
Fourth and last age of the middle Jurassic
(in French) Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press. d'Orbigny, A.C.V.M.D.; 1842: Paléontologie
Callovian
Scale used to classify male pattern baldness
The Hamilton–Norwood scale (also known as the Norwood–Hamilton scale or simply the Norwood scale) is the most widely used classification system for male
Norwood_scale
First age of the Holocene epoch
In the geologic time scale, the Greenlandian is the earliest age or lowest stage of the Holocene Epoch or Series, part of the Quaternary. Beginning in
Greenlandian
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