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Atoms kept at temperatures close to absolute zero
condensed matter physics, ultracold atoms are atomic gases with a temperature near absolute zero. At such temperatures, the atoms quantum-mechanical properties
Ultracold_atom
Simulators of quantum mechanical systems
controlled ions, realizing a long-range interacting spin chain. Many ultracold atom experiments are examples of quantum simulators. These include experiments
Quantum_simulator
School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
ultracold atoms and quantum gases, and new types of atom-wave devices. These projects will enable new research on topics such as quantum fluids, atom/photon
MIT_School_of_Science
State of matter
the condensation threshold. These early studies founded the field of ultracold atoms, and hundreds of research groups around the world now routinely produce
Bose–Einstein_condensate
Type of quantum computer built out of Rydberg atoms
A neutral atom quantum computer is a type of quantum computer built using Rydberg atoms; this type has many commonalities with trapped-ion quantum computers
Neutral_atom_quantum_computer
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
has an associated matter wave. The equation predicted bound states of the atom in agreement with experimental observations. The Schrödinger equation is
Schrödinger_equation
Danish physicist and educator (born 1959)
computing. More recent work has focused on novel interactions between ultracold atoms and nanoscopic-scale systems. In addition to teaching physics and applied
Lene_Hau
Unit of quantum information
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Qutrit
German physicist
of quantum many-body systems using ultracold atomic and molecular quantum gases. Bloch is known for his work on atoms in artificial crystals of light, optical
Immanuel_Bloch
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
using photons and linear optical elements. Neutral atom quantum computer — approach using neutral atoms trapped and controlled with optical techniques. Nuclear
Quantum_computing
Quantum key distribution protocol
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
BB84
Quantum algorithm for integer factorization
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Shor's_algorithm
Lowest theoretical temperature
Orders of magnitude (temperature) Thermodynamic temperature Triple point Ultracold atom Kinetic energy Entropy Planck temperature and Hagedorn temperature,
Absolute_zero
Basic unit of quantum information
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Qubit
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_information_science
Quantum search algorithm
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Grover's_algorithm
Open-source software development kit
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Qiskit
Theorem in physics
or 1. For example, a Stern–Gerlach measurement on a spin-1 atom will report that the atom's angular momentum along the chosen axis is one of three possible
Bell's_theorem
Quantum computing algorithm
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Magic_state_distillation
Definition of quantum circuits
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Clifford_gate
Physicist
physicist whose research involves the theory and simulation of ultracold atoms and ultracold molecules. She is a research professor of physics at Temple
Svetlana_Kotochigova
Elementary particle with negative charge
with up and down quarks. Electrons are extremely lightweight particles. In atoms, an electron's matter wave occupies atomic orbitals around a positively
Electron
Deterministic quantum algorithm
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Deutsch–Jozsa_algorithm
Principle in quantum information theory
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
No-communication_theorem
Applications of machine learning to quantum physics
extraction accuracy of physical observables from absorption images of ultracold atoms (degenerate Fermi gas), by the generation of an ideal reference frame
Machine_learning_in_physics
Method of inferring the results of a computation without running a quantum computer
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Counterfactual quantum computation
Counterfactual_quantum_computation
Model of quantum computation
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_Turing_machine
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Post-quantum_cryptography
Proposed quantum computer implementation
Matsukevich, D. N.; Duan, L.-M.; Monroe, C. (2007). "Entanglement of single-atom quantum bits at a distance". Nature. 449 (7158): 68–71. Bibcode:2007Natur
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
Cloud quantum computing platform
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
IBM_Quantum_Platform
German physicist (born 1957)
an "atom laser", the atomic analogue of an optical laser. In addition to ongoing investigations of Bose–Einstein condensates in ultracold atoms, his
Wolfgang_Ketterle
Physical phenomenon
teleportation have been made in information content – including photons, atoms, electrons, and superconducting circuits – as well as distance, with 1,400 km
Quantum_teleportation
Field of physics that studies the atom
Commons has media related to Atomic physics. MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms Stanford QFARM Initiative for Quantum Science & Enginneering Joint
Atomic_physics
Sub-field of quantum physics and optics
particle-like properties of photons and their interaction with, for instance, atoms and molecules. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive
Quantum_optics
Information held in the state of a quantum system
single-atom quantum states, such as the atom trap and the scanning tunneling microscope, began to be developed, making it possible to isolate single atoms and
Quantum_information
Property of computational resources needed
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Magic_(quantum_information)
Sub-field of ultracold atomic physics
Krämer, M.; Anderson, D. Z.; Holland, M. J. (2007-02-20). "Atomtronics: Ultracold-atom analogs of electronic devices". Physical Review A. 75 (2) 023615. American
Atomtronics
Structure that repeats in time; a novel type or phase of non-equilibrium matter
crystal in an open system, a so-called dissipative time crystal using ultracold atoms coupled to an optical cavity. The main achievement of this work is
Time_crystal
Process in quantum computing
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_error_correction
Restricted model of non-universal quantum computation
Namely, despite recent advances in photon generation techniques using atoms, molecules, quantum dots and color centers in diamonds, the most widely
Boson_sampling
Model of interacting spinless bosons on a lattice
technology is the trap lifetime, with atoms typically trapped for only a few tens of seconds. To see why ultracold atoms offer such a convenient realization
Bose–Hubbard_model
Computational benchmark
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_supremacy
Physics model of a 1D gas of bosons
dipole traps where atoms are stored in the intensity maxima of the interference pattern. The researchers loaded ultracold rubidium atoms into one-dimensional
Tonks–Girardeau_gas
Very general problem in computer science
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Hidden_subgroup_problem
Algorithm to be run on quantum computers
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_algorithm
Secure communication method
link (QNL) between two 87Rb atoms in separate laboratories located 400m apart, connected by the 700m channel. The atoms are entangled by electronic excitation
Quantum_key_distribution
Type of quantum computer
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Topological_quantum_computer
Criteria for a usable quantum computer
solution has been to encode the qubit in the nuclear spin of the nitrogen atom, thus increasing the decoherence time. In other systems, such as the quantum
DiVincenzo's_criteria
Italian theoretical physicist
His research concerns quantum many-body systems, with a focus on ultracold atoms, superfluidity, and macroscopic quantum phenomena. Salasnich was born
Luca_Salasnich
Superconducting qubit implementation
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Transmon
Hypothetical solid form of light
made to interact in a nonlinear medium. The MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms conducted experiments on photon interaction in the 2010s. Single photons
Solid_light
Computation complexity problem
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Hidden_matching_problem
Networks connecting quantum processors
states stored in single atoms contained in optical cavities. This allows for the transfer of quantum states between single atoms using optical fiber in
Quantum_network
Theorem of quantum circuits
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Gottesman–Knill_theorem
Planned quantum technology campus in Chicago
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park
Illinois_Quantum_and_Microelectronics_Park
PMC 9120523. PMID 35589685. S2CID 236965948. Atom Computing Previews an 1180 Qubit Neutral Atom Processor, Quantum Computing Report Padavic-Callaghan
List_of_quantum_processors
Quantum algorithm
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Bernstein–Vazirani_algorithm
Topological quantum error correcting code
model with Rydberg atoms, in which the Hamiltonian and the effects of dissipative noise can be demonstrated. Experiments in Rydberg atom arrays have also
Surface_code
Topics referred to by the same term
Catholic University of America Canberra United Academy Center for Ultracold Atoms, a division of the MIT Physics Department in conjunction with Harvard
CUA
Excited atomic quantum state with high principal quantum number (n)
A Rydberg atom is an excited atom with one or more electrons that have a very high principal quantum number, n. The higher the value of n, the farther
Rydberg_atom
Theorem in quantum information science
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
No-cloning_theorem
Mechanism by which materials form into and are attracted to magnets
Pritchard; W. Ketterle (2009). "Itinerant Ferromagnetism in a Fermi Gas of Ultracold Atoms". Science. 325 (5947): 1521–1524. arXiv:0907.2888. Bibcode:2009Sci
Ferromagnetism
Change of basis applied in quantum computing
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_Fourier_transform
Austrian theoretical physicist
on quantum computing with trapped ions, on quantum simulation with ultracold atoms in optical lattices and on quantum repeaters in quantum communication
Peter_Zoller
American physicist
commonly used in the field of cold atom research and are the foundational tools for the MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms. In 1990, Pritchard brought Wolfgang
David_E._Pritchard
Experimental instrument on board the ISS
Megan McArthur gave CAL the ability to work with ultracold potassium atoms in addition to rubidium atoms. The instrument creates extremely cold conditions
Cold_Atom_Laboratory
Quantum error correction schemes can suppress the logical error rate arbitrarily low
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Threshold_theorem
Quantum Merlin Arthur
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
QMA
Quantum algorithm
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Variational quantum eigensolver
Variational_quantum_eigensolver
Superconducting qubit implementation
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Charge_qubit
Lowering the temperature of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming a solid
solid Freezing rain Pumpable ice technology Subcooling Superheating Ultracold atom Viscous liquid Gomes, Gabriel O.; H. Stanley, Eugene; Souza, Mariano
Supercooling
Propagating atomic wave
1088/1367-2630/16/3/033036. S2CID 55042731. MIT's Center for Ultracold Atoms "The Atom Laser", http://cua.mit.edu/ketterle_group/Projects_1997/atoml
Atom_laser
Quantum-mechanical version of computer memory
included storing weakly coherent pulses of spatial structure in a warm, ultracold atomic whole. In one experiment, the same group of scientists in a caesium
Quantum_memory
Upper bound on the knowable information of a quantum state
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Holevo's_theorem
Trapped-ion quantum gate
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Mølmer–Sørensen_gate
Forecasting rules for quantum computing
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum computing scaling laws
Quantum_computing_scaling_laws
Quantum computing implementation
Alternatives to superconducting qubits include trapped ions, and neutral atoms. Ongoing research in superconducting quantum computing includes device-level
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Theorem of quantum information theory
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
No-hiding_theorem
Model of quantum computing
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_circuit
Concept in quantum information theory
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_state_purification
Model of a quantum/optical system
Heteronuclear Molecules and Bose–Fermi Superfluid Mixtures" (PDF). Ultracold Atoms and Molecules Research at the University of Washington. Foot, Christopher
Maxwell–Bloch_equations
Computational complexity class of problems
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
BQP
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_cryptography
Technological development using the laws of quantum mechanics
not necessary. Current quantum simulators under development include ultracold atoms in optical lattices, trapped ions, arrays of superconducting qubits
Quantum_engineering
Quantum algorithm for solving systems of linear equations
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
HHL_algorithm
Basic circuit in quantum computing
proposals to realize a Deutsch gate with dipole–dipole interaction in neutral atoms. A universal logic gate for reversible classical computing, the Toffoli
Quantum_logic_gate
Quantum algorithm for eigenvalue estimation
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum phase estimation algorithm
Quantum_phase_estimation_algorithm
Type of superconducting quantum bit
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Phase_qubit
Interdisciplinary research area
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_machine_learning
German quantum physicist
(28 October 2013). "Realization of the Hofstadter Hamiltonian with ultracold atoms in optical lattices". Physical Review Letters. 111 (18) 185301. arXiv:1308
Monika_Aidelsburger
Quantum physics of light and matter in a cavity
study of the interaction between light confined in a reflective cavity and atoms or other particles, under conditions where the quantum nature of photons
Cavity quantum electrodynamics
Cavity_quantum_electrodynamics
American physical chemist
research uses optical tweezers to study ultracold atoms and ultracold molecules, phases of matter in the ultracold regime where effects from quantum mechanics
Kang-Kuen_Ni
Means of studying the interaction of light and matter
object (atom). In contrast to cavity QED, the photon is stored in a one-dimensional on-chip resonator and the quantum object is no natural atom but an
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit_quantum_electrodynamics
Quantum mechanics idea
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Entanglement_swapping
Atomic-scale structure formed through the Stark shift by opposing beams of light
experimentally. Such accordion lattices are useful for controlling ultracold atoms in optical lattices, where small spacing is essential for quantum tunneling
Optical_lattice
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
QBism
Quantum Mechanics in Neural Networks
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_neural_network
Foundational object in quantum communication theory
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Quantum_channel
Two-bit quantum communication protocol
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Superdense_coding
Theorem pertaining to the ontology of quantum mechanics
optics Cavity QED Circuit QED Linear optical QC KLM protocol Ultracold atoms Neutral atom QC Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center
Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph_theorem
ULTRACOLD ATOM
ULTRACOLD ATOM
Girl/Female
Indian
An atom culture
Girl/Female
Tamil
An atom
Girl/Female
Hindu
An atom
Boy/Male
Hindu
Atom
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pritikana | பà¯à®°à®¿à®¤à®¿à®•à®¾à®¨à®¾
Beloved, Dear one, An atom of Love
Pritikana | பà¯à®°à®¿à®¤à®¿à®•à®¾à®¨à®¾
Girl/Female
Tamil
Anu Keerthi | அநà¯Â கிரதீ Â
Atom
Anu Keerthi | அநà¯Â கிரதீ Â
Boy/Male
Hindu
A sage who discovered atom
Boy/Male
Tamil
Atom of Love
Boy/Male
Tamil
Atom
Boy/Male
Tamil
Small portion, Littleness, Practicle or atom
Boy/Male
Hindu
Small portion, Littleness, Practicle or atom
Girl/Female
Tamil
Atom
Girl/Female
Tamil
Preetika | பà¯à®°à®¿à®¤à¯€à®•à®¾Â
Beloved, Dear one, An atom of Love
Preetika | பà¯à®°à®¿à®¤à¯€à®•à®¾Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pritika | பà¯à®°à®¿à®¤à®¿à®•à®¾
Beloved, Dear one, An atom of Love
Pritika | பà¯à®°à®¿à®¤à®¿à®•à®¾
Girl/Female
Tamil
An atom
Boy/Male
Hindu
An atom
Boy/Male
Hindu
Atom
Girl/Female
Hindu
An atom
Girl/Female
Indian
Atom
Boy/Male
Tamil
A sage who discovered atom
ULTRACOLD ATOM
ULTRACOLD ATOM
Girl/Female
Muslim
Calmness, Quietness
Boy/Male
Australian, Finnish, German, Hebrew
Beloved
Female
German
Hungarian form of German Gertrude, GERTRÚD means "spear strength."
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Telugu
Holder of the Flame
Girl/Female
Indian
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh
The Desired
Girl/Female
Indian
Bird
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Pride of Religion
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Awesome
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Amariah, AMARIA means "whom God spoke of."
ULTRACOLD ATOM
ULTRACOLD ATOM
ULTRACOLD ATOM
ULTRACOLD ATOM
ULTRACOLD ATOM
n.
The act of reducing to atoms, or very minute particles; or the state of being so reduced.
n.
An atomist.
adv.
In an atomic manner; in accordance with the atomic philosophy.
a.
Alt. of Atomical
n.
The doctrine of atoms.
v. t.
To reduce to atoms, or to fine spray.
n.
Atomism.
a.
Of or pertaining to atoms.
n.
A rare element of the nitrogen-phosphorus group, found combined, in vanadates, in certain minerals, and reduced as an infusible, grayish-white metallic powder. It is intermediate between the metals and the non-metals, having both basic and acid properties. Symbol V (or Vd, rarely). Atomic weight 51.2.
n.
An atom; a mite; a pigmy.
v. t.
To reduce to atoms.
n.
One who, or that which, atomizes; esp., an instrument for reducing a liquid to spray for disinfecting, cooling, or perfuming.
a.
Of or pertaining to atoms; relating to atomism.
n.
The doctrine of atoms. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic.
n.
An element of the chromium group, found in certain rare minerals, as pitchblende, uranite, etc., and reduced as a heavy, hard, nickel-white metal which is quite permanent. Its yellow oxide is used to impart to glass a delicate greenish-yellow tint which is accompanied by a strong fluorescence, and its black oxide is used as a pigment in porcelain painting. Symbol U. Atomic weight 239.
n.
The degree of combining power of an atom (or radical) as shown by the number of atoms of hydrogen (or of other monads, as chlorine, sodium, etc.) with which it will combine, or for which it can be substituted, or with which it can be compared; thus, an atom of hydrogen is a monad, and has a valence of one; the atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon are respectively dyads, triads, and tetrads, and have a valence respectively of two, three, and four.
n.
One who holds to the atomic philosophy or theory.
a.
Being without symmetry of chemical structure or relation; as, an unsymmetrical carbon atom.
n.
One who holds the doctrine that the space between the bodies of the universe, or the molecules and atoms of matter., is a vacuum; -- opposed to plenist.
n.
Degree of atomic attraction; equivalence; valence; also (a later use) the number of atoms in an elementary molecule. See Valence.