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Superconducting qubit implementation
In quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (i.e. states which represent the
Charge_qubit
Superconducting qubit implementation
computing, a transmon is a type of superconducting charge qubit designed to have reduced sensitivity to charge noise. The transmon was developed by Jens Koch
Transmon
Quantum computing implementation
solid-state physics that implements superconducting electronic circuits as qubits in a quantum processor. These devices are typically microwave-frequency
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Basic unit of quantum information
computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classic binary bit. A qubit can be physically
Qubit
Type of superconducting quantum bit
operate as a quantum bit, or qubit. The phase qubit is closely related, yet distinct from, the flux qubit and the charge qubit, which are also quantum bits
Phase_qubit
Proposed semiconductor implementation of quantum computers
The spin qubit quantum computer is a quantum computer based on controlling the spin of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) in semiconductor
Spin_qubit_quantum_computer
Proposed quantum computer implementation
applied to induce coupling between the qubit states (for single qubit operations) or coupling between the internal qubit states and the external motional states
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
Types of quantum information
In quantum computing, a qubit is a unit of information analogous to a bit (binary digit) in classical computing, but it is affected by quantum mechanical
Physical_and_logical_qubits
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
(a binary), a qubit can exist in a linear combination of two states known as a quantum superposition. The result of measuring a qubit is one of the two
Quantum_computing
Means of studying the interaction of light and matter
examples for qubits used in circuit QED are so called transmon qubits (more charge noise insensitive compared to the Cooper-pair box) and flux qubits (whose
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit_quantum_electrodynamics
Type of quantum computer
Chetan Nayak proposed a quantum Hall device that would realize a topological qubit. In 2005 Vladimir J. Goldman, Fernando E. Camino, and Wei Zhou claimed to
Topological_quantum_computer
Superconducting qubit architecture
a type of superconducting qubit architecture used for gate-based quantum computation that is insensitive to offset charge noise. It is constructed from
Fluxonium
Superconducting qubit implementation
such as the charge qubit or phase qubit by the coupling energy and charging energy of its junctions. In the charge qubit regime the charging energy of the
Flux_qubit
Type of error correction in quantum computing
protect a logical qubit from any arbitrary single qubit error. In this code, 5 physical qubits are used to encode the logical qubit. With X {\displaystyle
Five-qubit error correcting code
Five-qubit_error_correcting_code
Definition of quantum circuits
Clifford group, a set of mathematical transformations which normalize the n-qubit Pauli group, i.e., map tensor products of Pauli matrices to tensor products
Clifford_gate
Unit of quantum information
states. The qutrit is analogous to the classical radix-3 trit, just as the qubit, a quantum system described by a superposition of two orthogonal states
Qutrit
Criteria for a usable quantum computer
quantum devices. Some of these proposals involve using superconducting qubits, trapped ions, liquid and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, or optical
DiVincenzo's_criteria
Quantum key distribution protocol
the states of the qubits. Also, after Bob has received the qubits, we know that Eve cannot be in possession of a copy of the qubits sent to Bob, by the
BB84
Process in quantum computing
providing a way for a sender and receiver to simulate a noiseless qubit channel given a noisy qubit channel whose noise conforms to a particular error model.
Quantum_error_correction
Code used in quantum error correction
In quantum computing, the Shor code or Shor nine qubit code is a foundational code in quantum error correction that protects quantum information against
Shor_code
Quantum computing algorithm
to simulate classically. A variety of qubit magic state distillation routines and distillation routines for qubits with various advantages have been proposed
Magic_state_distillation
Quantum algorithm for integer factorization
beating classical computers may require quantum computers with millions of qubits due to the overhead caused by quantum error correction. Shor proposed multiple
Shor's_algorithm
Code for quantum correction
correct for both qubit flip errors (X errors) and phase flip errors (Z errors). The Steane code encodes one logical qubit in 7 physical qubits and is able
Steane_code
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Physical qubit counts alone are generally considered an incomplete measure of cryptographic capability because large numbers of noisy physical qubits may not
Post-quantum_cryptography
Deterministic quantum algorithm
constant. We begin with the two-qubit state | 0 ⟩ | 1 ⟩ {\displaystyle |0\rangle |1\rangle } and apply a Hadamard gate to each qubit. This yields 1 2 ( | 0 ⟩
Deutsch–Jozsa_algorithm
physical qubit numbers do not reflect the performance levels of the processor. This is instead achieved through the number of logical qubits or benchmarking
List_of_quantum_processors
Technique for comparing quantum states
\rangle )} The measurement gate on the first qubit ensures that it's 0 with a probability of P ( First qubit = 0 ) = 1 2 ( ⟨ ϕ | ⟨ ψ | + ⟨ ψ | ⟨ ϕ | ) 1
Swap_test
Foundational object in quantum communication theory
information. An example of quantum information is the general dynamics of a qubit. An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over
Quantum_channel
Change of basis applied in quantum computing
controlled phase shift gates, where n {\displaystyle n} is the number of qubits. This can be compared with the classical discrete Fourier transform, which
Quantum_Fourier_transform
Theorem in physics
\sigma _{y}} measurement upon Charlie's qubit. Indeed, this same logic applies to both measurements and all three qubits. Per the EPR criterion of reality,
Bell's_theorem
Forecasting rules for quantum computing
unexpected challenges and breakthroughs. Rose's law observes that the number of qubits on chips doubles roughly every 18 months. The law is often described as
Quantum computing scaling laws
Quantum_computing_scaling_laws
Theorem in quantum information science
use the controlled NOT gate and the Walsh–Hadamard gate to entangle two qubits without violating the no-cloning theorem as no well-defined state may be
No-cloning_theorem
Cloud quantum computing platform
service was launched in May 2016 as the IBM Quantum Experience with a five-qubit quantum processor and matching simulator connected in a star shaped pattern
IBM_Quantum_Platform
Quantum search algorithm
standard oracle, denoted here as U f {\displaystyle U_{f}} , uses an ancillary qubit system. The operation then represents an inversion (NOT gate) on the main
Grover's_algorithm
Physical phenomenon
0.66. Three qubits are required for this process: the source qubit from the sender, the ancillary qubit, and the receiver's target qubit, which is maximally
Quantum_teleportation
Information held in the state of a quantum system
which are based on the quantum bit "qubit". Qubit is somewhat analogous to the bit in classical computation. Qubits can be in a 1 or 0 quantum state, or
Quantum_information
Basic circuit in quantum computing
quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits. Quantum logic gates are the building blocks of quantum circuits, like classical
Quantum_logic_gate
Quantum error correcting code
(GKP) code is a quantum error correcting code that encodes logical qubits into the continuous degrees of freedom of a quantum system. It is named
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill_code
Type of quantum computer
computer is in principle scalable to an arbitrary number of qubits. This is possible because qubits may be individually addressed by electrical means. The
Kane_quantum_computer
Open-source software development kit
circuits and execute them on real quantum processors (such as superconducting qubit systems) or on various other compatible quantum devices. Over time, Qiskit’s
Qiskit
Topological quantum error correcting code
on qubit i flips the two vertex stabilizers Av such that i ∈ v {\displaystyle i\in v} (the endpoints of the edge i), and a Pauli X error on qubit i flips
Surface_code
Type of quantum computer built out of Rydberg atoms
demonstrate a 48 logical qubit processor. To perform computation, the atoms are first trapped in a magneto-optical trap. Qubits are then encoded in the
Neutral_atom_quantum_computer
Intermediate representation for quantum instructions
} qubit[1] cin; qubit[4] a; qubit[4] b; qubit[1] cout; bit[5] ans; uint[4] a_in = 1; // a = 0001 uint[4] b_in = 15; // b = 1111 // initialize qubits reset
OpenQASM
Point defect in diamonds
non-fluorescent state to the neutral charge state NV0. The ensemble of centers can be transitioned from NV0 to the qubit state NV−. The diamond surface termination
Nitrogen-vacancy_center
Model of computation
In quantum information, the one clean qubit model of computation is performed an n {\displaystyle n} qubit system with one pure state and n − 1 {\displaystyle
One_clean_qubit
Computational complexity class of problems
such that For all n ∈ N {\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} } , Qn takes n qubits as input and outputs 1 bit For all x in L, P r ( Q | x | ( x ) = 1 ) ≥ 2
BQP
Property of computational resources needed
configuration that a classical computer could track efficiently. In single-qubit systems, magic can be visualized as a departure from certain discrete points
Magic_(quantum_information)
Quantum error correction schemes can suppress the logical error rate arbitrarily low
surface code would require approximately 1,000–10,000 physical qubits per logical data qubit, though more pathological error types could drastically change
Threshold_theorem
quantum computation using 84 qubits. Physicists create a working transistor from a single atom. A method for manipulating the charge of nitrogen vacancy-centres
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
t}}} as a charge density, and then revised this proposal, saying in his next paper that the modulus squared of Ψ {\displaystyle \Psi } is a charge density
Schrödinger_equation
Principle in quantum information theory
{\displaystyle |z-\rangle _{B}} . To transmit "1", Alice does nothing to her qubit. Bob creates many copies of his electron's state, and measures the spin
No-communication_theorem
Planned quantum technology campus in Chicago
the IQMP, PsiQuantum intends to build and deploy America’s first million-qubit scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer. Other tenants include the DARPA-Illinois
Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park
Illinois_Quantum_and_Microelectronics_Park
Model of quantum computing
initializations of qubits to known values, and possibly other actions. The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable
Quantum_circuit
Entangled state of qubits
a type of highly entangled state of multiple qubits. Cluster states are generated in lattices of qubits with Ising type interactions. A cluster C is a
Cluster_state
Quantum error correction code
structure defined by its stabilizers. However, stabilizers for a n-qubit code are n-qubit Pauli operators instead of classical n-bit strings, and they must
Stabilizer_code
Theorem of quantum information theory
experimentally tested using nuclear magnetic resonance devices where a single qubit undergoes complete randomization; i.e., a pure state transforms to a random
No-hiding_theorem
Theorem in quantum computing
between two logical qubits each of which is encoded in N physical qubits by pairing up the physical qubits of each encoded qubit ("code block"), and performing
Eastin–Knill_theorem
Computational benchmark
superconducting qubits. In early January 2018, Intel announced a similar hardware program. In October 2017, IBM demonstrated the simulation of 56 qubits on a classical
Quantum_supremacy
Quantum mechanics idea
"Entanglement swapping for Bell states and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states in qubit systems". Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications. 585 (585)
Entanglement_swapping
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
bits that can only be 0 or 1, quantum information uses quantum bits or qubits that can exist simultaneously in multiple states because of superposition
Quantum_information_science
Method of inferring the results of a computation without running a quantum computer
Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center NMR QC Superconducting Charge qubit Flux qubit Phase qubit Transmon Quantum programming OpenQASM–Qiskit–IBM
Counterfactual quantum computation
Counterfactual_quantum_computation
Simulators of quantum mechanical systems
outermost electron of each ion acts as a tiny quantum magnet and is used as a qubit, the quantum equivalent of a "1" or a "0" in a conventional computer. In
Quantum_simulator
Programming language for quantum algorithms
Qubits as topological qubits. The quantum simulator that is shipped with the Quantum Development Kit today is capable of processing up to 32 qubits on
Q_Sharp
Elementary particle with negative charge
nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. It is an elementary particle that comprises the ordinary
Electron
Experimental technology level
computing is characterized by quantum processors containing up to 1,000 qubits which are not advanced enough yet for fault-tolerance or large enough to
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
Noisy_intermediate-scale_quantum_computing
Quantum Mechanics in Neural Networks
structure intakes input from one layer of qubits, and passes that input onto another layer of qubits. This layer of qubits evaluates this information and passes
Quantum_neural_network
Quantum algorithm
.} Another Hadamard transform is applied to each qubit which makes it so that for qubits where s i = 1 {\displaystyle s_{i}=1} , its state is converted
Bernstein–Vazirani_algorithm
Quantum algorithm
sequence of 1 qubit rotational gates and 2 qubit entangling gates.[citation needed] The number of repetitions of 1-qubit rotational gates and 2-qubit entangling
Variational quantum eigensolver
Variational_quantum_eigensolver
Form of quantum computing
model where eternal control is used to apply operations on a register of qubits, Hamiltonian quantum computers operate without external control. Hamiltonian
Hamiltonian quantum computation
Hamiltonian_quantum_computation
Interdisciplinary research area
sometimes called quantum-enhanced machine learning. QML algorithms use qubits and quantum operations to try to improve the space and time complexity of
Quantum_machine_learning
Type of quantum information processing
classical) occur when multiple qubits are close to a tipping point. It is exactly at this point when the ground state (one set of qubit orientations) gets very
Adiabatic_quantum_computation
Theorem of quantum circuits
circuits—circuits that only consist of gates from the normalizer of the qubit Pauli group, also called Clifford group—can be perfectly simulated in polynomial
Gottesman–Knill_theorem
Notion in network science of quantum information networks
where qubit A is entangled with qubit C and qubit B is entangled with qubit D. Performing a Bell measurement for qubits A and B, entangles qubits A and
Quantum_complex_network
Computer programming for quantum computers
# Put qubit `a` in a superposition cnot(a, b) # Entangle the two qubits in the Bell state m_a = measure(a) # Measure qubit `a`, collapsing qubit `b` as
Quantum_programming
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
string of qubits that perfectly correlates with what Bob measured in the opposite table. Her chance of generating a matching string of qubits will decrease
Quantum_cryptography
Quantum algorithm for eigenvalue estimation
two sets of qubits, referred to in this context as registers. The two registers contain n {\displaystyle n} and m {\displaystyle m} qubits, respectively
Quantum phase estimation algorithm
Quantum_phase_estimation_algorithm
Remote quantum processors for computation
to a variety of quantum hardware modalities, including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, neutral atoms, and photonic systems. Major platforms such
Cloud-based_quantum_computing
Two-bit quantum communication protocol
classical bits of information by only transmitting a smaller number of qubits, under the assumption of sender and receiver pre-sharing an entangled resource
Superdense_coding
Theorem in quantum information theory
and computation, the Solovay–Kitaev theorem says that if a set of single-qubit quantum gates generates a dense subgroup of SU(2), then that set can be
Solovay–Kitaev_theorem
Metric for a quantum computer's capabilities
more qubits are added. To run an algorithm that only requires n < N qubits on an N-qubit machine, it could be beneficial to select a subset of qubits with
Quantum_volume
Networks connecting quantum processors
the transmission of information in the form of quantum bits, also called qubits, between physically separated quantum processors. A quantum processor is
Quantum_network
French–American physicist (born 1953)
superconducting charge qubit called the transmon. In 2009, Devoret also pioneered fluxonium, which can be understood as a special type of flux qubit. In 2010
Michel_Devoret
Quantum physics-based metaheuristic for optimization problems
in Nature on its performance. The company claims this system uses a 128 qubit processor chipset. On May 25, 2011, D-Wave announced that Lockheed Martin
Quantum_annealing
Secure communication method
Quantum communication involves encoding information in quantum states, or qubits, as opposed to classical communication's use of bits. Usually, photons are
Quantum_key_distribution
Sub-field of quantum physics and optics
entanglement (e.g., BB84 protocol) Photonic Quantum Computing – Using photons as qubits to store and process quantum information. Trapped Ion Quantum Computing
Quantum_optics
Quantum-informatics technique
exact solutions have been obtained for the discrimination of three qubits and four qubits. While this expression cannot be given an explicit form in the general
Quantum_state_discrimination
Theorem stating the impossibility of converting qubits into bits
the no-cloning theorem: if it were possible to convert a qubit into classical bits, then a qubit would be easy to copy (since classical bits are trivially
No-teleportation_theorem
Algorithm to be run on quantum computers
input qubits and terminates with a measurement. A quantum circuit consists of simple quantum gates, each of which acts on some finite number of qubits. Quantum
Quantum_algorithm
Quantum mechanical macroscopic object
coupled together a mechanical resonator, similar to a tiny springboard, and a qubit, a device that can be in a superposition of two quantum states at the same
Quantum_machine
Quantum algorithm
Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center NMR QC Superconducting Charge qubit Flux qubit Phase qubit Transmon Quantum programming OpenQASM–Qiskit–IBM
BHT_algorithm
Procedure in quantum information science
science used for error detection in quantum qubits. A parity measurement checks the equality of two qubits to return a true or false answer, which can
Parity_measurement
Type of quantum circuit construction
a gate is applied to target qubits by first applying the gate to an entangled state and then teleporting the target qubits through that entangled state
Quantum_gate_teleportation
Quantum cryptographic method
Alice randomly generates a qubit string, encodes them using randomly chosen one of three bases, and sends string of qubits to Bob through the secured
Six-state_protocol
Paradigm of quantum computer
processing, the unit of light in a given mode—or photon—is used to represent a qubit. Superpositions of quantum states can be easily represented, encrypted,
Linear optical quantum computing
Linear_optical_quantum_computing
Applications of machine learning to quantum physics
unitary transformations and measurements; Engineering of quantum gates from qubit networks with pairwise interactions, using time dependent or independent
Machine_learning_in_physics
Quantum logic gate
interaction between the two qubits through the joint motion of the complete chain of trapped ions. The quantum CNOT gate acts on two qubits and can entangle them
Cirac–Zoller controlled-NOT gate
Cirac–Zoller_controlled-NOT_gate
Structure that repeats in time; a novel type or phase of non-equilibrium matter
on Google's Sycamore processor, a quantum computing device. A chip of 20 qubits was used to obtain a many-body localization configuration of up and down
Time_crystal
Quantum key distribution protocol - B92
Trapped-ion QC Spin-based Kane QC Spin qubit QC NV center NMR QC Superconducting Charge qubit Flux qubit Phase qubit Transmon Quantum programming OpenQASM–Qiskit–IBM
B92_protocol
Search problem in quantum mechanics
a constant-depth quantum circuit restricted to a 2-dimensional grid of qubits using bounded fan-in gates but can't be solved by any sub-exponential size
Hidden linear function problem
Hidden_linear_function_problem
Quantum error correcting code
where the qubits are placed on the vertices; laying the qubits on a grid in a way that corresponds to the gauge group shows how only 2 qubit nearest-neighbor
Bacon–Shor_code
CHARGE QUBIT
CHARGE QUBIT
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Charlie, CHARLEY means "man."
Male
English
English unisex name derived from the vocabulary word, CHANCE means "chance."Â
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Clark, CLARKE means "clerk, secretary."
Male
English
English and French form of German Karl, CHARLES means "man."
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Derived from Bharg; A Queen of the Bhargs the Clan of Warriors
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, French, German, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada
From Charlotte; Little and Womanly; Female Version of Charles; Carl; Beautiful
Girl/Female
French, German
Pure; Little and Womanly; Female Version of Charles or Carl
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Celebrity, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Hindu, Indian, Jamaican
Handsome; Manly; Form of Charles; Strong; Free-woman
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Charley in Leicestershire, named with Celtic carn ‘cairn’, ‘pile of stones’ + Old English lēah ‘woodland clearing’.French (Burgundy) : from a pet form of Charles.
Girl/Female
English Greek
Blend of Cherie and Cerise. Dear one; darling.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, German
Farmer; Modern Form of Charles; Manly
Girl/Female
Australian, French
Darling; Similar to Cherie Dear One
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Danish, English, French, German, Swedish
Manly; Strong; Diminutive of Charles; Free Man
Female
English
Pet form of English Charlene, CHARLA means "man."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Charley.
Girl/Female
Australian, French
Feminine of Charles
Girl/Female
French
Feminine of Charles meaning manly.
Male
English
Unisex pet form of English Charles and Charlene, CHARLIE means "man."
Girl/Female
American, British, English, French, Indian, Sindhi, Swedish
Modern Form of Charles; Manly; Little and Womanly; Free
Girl/Female
African, American, Australian, British, English, German, Swedish
Strong and Womanly; Modern Form of Charles
CHARGE QUBIT
CHARGE QUBIT
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil
Brilliant
Girl/Female
African, Australian, Swahili
Notify
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Young Moon; Painting
Boy/Male
Tamil
Holy name, Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
Indian, Malayalam, Tamil, Traditional
Lord Krishna of the Gita-
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Loveable of All
Girl/Female
Hindu
Radiant, Brilliant
Boy/Male
American, British, English
The People's Friend
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Simple
Boy/Male
Indian, Sikh
A Brave Person; A Warrior
CHARGE QUBIT
CHARGE QUBIT
CHARGE QUBIT
CHARGE QUBIT
CHARGE QUBIT
v. i.
To make an onset or rush; as, to charge with fixed bayonets.
v. t.
To place something to the account of as a debt; to debit, as, to charge one with goods. Also, to enter upon the debit side of an account; as, to charge a sum to one.
n.
One who, or that which charges.
n.
See Charge, n., 17.
v. t.
To place within or upon any firearm, piece of apparatus or machinery, the quantity it is intended and fitted to hold or bear; to load; to fill; as, to charge a gun; to charge an electrical machine, etc.
v. t.
To charge (with); to impose (a charge) upon.
v. t.
To ornament with or cause to bear; as, to charge an architectural member with a molding.
n.
A charge.
v. t.
To alter by substituting something else for, or by giving up for something else; as, to change the clothes; to change one's occupation; to change one's intention.
n.
An instrument for measuring or inserting a charge.
imp. & p. p.
of Charge
v. i.
To debit on an account; as, to charge for purchases.
v. t.
To assume as a bearing; as, he charges three roses or; to add to or represent on; as, he charges his shield with three roses or.
v. i.
To demand a price; as, to charge high for goods.
pl.
of Charge d'affaires
v. t.
To lay on or impose, as a task, duty, or trust; to command, instruct, or exhort with authority; to enjoin; to urge earnestly; as, to charge a jury; to charge the clergy of a diocese; to charge an agent.
imp. & p. p.
of Change
v. t.
A position (of a weapon) fitted for attack; as, to bring a weapon to the charge.
v. t.
To impute or ascribe; to lay to one's charge.
v. t.
An address (esp. an earnest or impressive address) containing instruction or exhortation; as, the charge of a judge to a jury; the charge of a bishop to his clergy.