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Quantum physics-based metaheuristic for optimization problems
problems. Quantum annealing can be compared to simulated annealing, whose "temperature" parameter plays a similar role to quantum annealing's tunneling
Quantum_annealing
Quantum computing company
not implement a generic, universal quantum computer; instead, their computers implement specialized quantum annealing. D-Wave was founded by Haig Farris
D-Wave_Systems
Probabilistic optimization technique and metaheuristic
Particle swarm optimization Place and route Quantum annealing Traveling salesman problem "What is Simulated Annealing?". www.cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2023-05-13
Simulated_annealing
Type of quantum information processing
adiabatic theorem to perform calculations and is closely related to quantum annealing. First, a (potentially complicated) Hamiltonian is found whose ground
Adiabatic_quantum_computation
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
state), using a technique called quantum gate teleportation. An adiabatic quantum computer, based on quantum annealing, decomposes computation into a slow
Quantum_computing
Special-purpose computer for combinatorial optimization
Tank in the 1980s. In quantum annealing the Ising system is additionally subjected to a transverse field that induces quantum fluctuations; switching
Ising_machine
Interdisciplinary research area
programming Quantum computing Quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations Quantum annealing Quantum neural network Quantum image Biamonte, Jacob; Wittek
Quantum_machine_learning
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up annealing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Annealing may refer to: Annealing (biology), in genetics Annealing (glass), heating a piece of glass
Annealing
Research facility in the United States
problems. Quantum annealing is a branch of quantum computing whose advantages over classical computing are being investigated. In quantum annealing, problems
USC-Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center
USC-Lockheed_Martin_Quantum_Computing_Center
are based on quantum annealing, not to be confused with digital annealing. These QPUs are based on analog Hamiltonian simulation. Quantum programming Timeline
List_of_quantum_processors
thermal excitations), suggesting the effectiveness of quantum annealing over classical simulated annealing. Artur Ekert at the University of Oxford, proposes
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms
Post-quantum_cryptography
development of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Quantum computing and communication are two sub-fields of quantum information
List of companies involved in quantum computing, communication or sensing
List_of_companies_involved_in_quantum_computing,_communication_or_sensing
Optimization algorithms using quantum computing
computing software development framework by IBM. Adiabatic quantum computation Quantum annealing Moll, Nikolaj; Barkoutsos, Panagiotis; Bishop, Lev S.; Chow
Quantum optimization algorithms
Quantum_optimization_algorithms
al. (2014) evidenced that the D-Wave Two performs quantum annealing, but that a simulated annealing on a notebook computer also performs well. Jean Francois
D-Wave_Two
Algorithm to be run on quantum computers
The quantum approximate optimization algorithm takes inspiration from quantum annealing, performing a discretized approximation of quantum annealing using
Quantum_algorithm
Accomplishments in factoring large integers
April 2016 the 18-bit number 200,099 was factored using quantum annealing on a D-Wave 2X quantum processor. Shortly after, the number 291,311 was factored
Integer_factorization_records
Random change in the energy inside a volume
microwave background False vacuum Hawking radiation Quantum annealing Quantum foam Stochastic quantum mechanics Vacuum energy Vacuum polarization Virtual
Quantum_fluctuation
Process in quantum computing
Quantum error correction (QEC) comprises a set of techniques used in quantum memory and quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors arising
Quantum_error_correction
Basic unit of quantum information
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classic binary bit. A qubit
Qubit
Combinatorial optimization problem
problem class for adiabatic quantum computation, where it is solved through a physical process called quantum annealing. Let B = { 0 , 1 } {\displaystyle
Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization
Quadratic_unconstrained_binary_optimization
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
Quantum information science is an interdisciplinary field that combines the principles of quantum mechanics, information theory, and computer science
Quantum_information_science
Secure communication method
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that implements a cryptographic protocol based on the laws of quantum mechanics, specifically
Quantum_key_distribution
Physical phenomenon
Quantum teleportation is a technique for transferring quantum information from a sender at one location to a receiver some distance away. While teleportation
Quantum_teleportation
Computer programming for quantum computers
Quantum programming refers to the process of designing and implementing algorithms that operate on quantum systems, typically using quantum circuits composed
Quantum_programming
Foundational object in quantum communication theory
In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel that can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information. An
Quantum_channel
Basic circuit in quantum computing
In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit
Quantum_logic_gate
Quantum algorithm for integer factorization
Shor's algorithm is a quantum algorithm for finding the prime factors of an integer. It was developed in 1994 by the American mathematician Peter Shor
Shor's_algorithm
Computational benchmark
In quantum computing, quantum supremacy or quantum advantage is the goal of demonstrating that a programmable quantum computer can solve a problem that
Quantum_supremacy
Quantum search algorithm
In quantum computing, Grover's algorithm, also known as the quantum search algorithm, is a quantum algorithm for unstructured search that finds with high
Grover's_algorithm
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
function of a non-relativistic quantum-mechanical system. Its discovery was a significant landmark in the development of quantum mechanics. It is named after
Schrödinger_equation
Property of computational resources needed
In quantum information theory, magic is a property that quantifies the computational resources needed to describe quantum states beyond stabilizer states
Magic_(quantum_information)
Concept in quantum information theory
In quantum information theory, quantum state purification refers to the process of representing a mixed state as a pure quantum state of higher-dimensional
Quantum_state_purification
Simulators of quantum mechanical systems
Quantum simulators permit the study of a quantum system in a programmable fashion. In this instance, simulators are special purpose devices designed to
Quantum_simulator
Change of basis applied in quantum computing
In quantum computing, the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a linear transformation on quantum bits, and is the quantum analogue of the discrete Fourier
Quantum_Fourier_transform
List of quantum computing algorithms
of quantum processors List of quantum software Quantum circuit Quantum complexity theory Quantum information science Quantum programming Quantum supremacy
List_of_quantum_algorithms
Subfield of mathematical optimization
Das, Arnab; Chakrabarti, Bikas K (2008). "Colloquium: Quantum annealing and analog quantum computation". Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 (3): 1061. arXiv:0801.2193
Combinatorial_optimization
Proposed design of bank notes
A quantum money scheme is a quantum cryptographic protocol that creates and verifies banknotes that are resistant to forgery. It is based on the principle
Quantum_money
Type of quantum circuit construction
Quantum gate teleportation is a quantum circuit construction where a gate is applied to target qubits by first applying the gate to an entangled state
Quantum_gate_teleportation
Networks connecting quantum processors
Quantum networks form an important element of quantum computing and quantum communication systems. Quantum networks facilitate the transmission of information
Quantum_network
Information held in the state of a quantum system
Quantum information is the information of the state of a quantum system. It is the basic entity of study in quantum information science, and can be manipulated
Quantum_information
Type of quantum computer
A topological quantum computer is a type of quantum computer. It utilizes anyons, a type of quasiparticle that occurs in two-dimensional systems. The
Topological_quantum_computer
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Quantum cryptography is the exploiting of quantum-mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem, and
Quantum_cryptography
Cloud quantum computing platform
IBM Quantum Platform (previously known as IBM Quantum Experience) is an online platform allowing public and premium access to cloud-based quantum computing
IBM_Quantum_Platform
Experimental technology level
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing is characterized by quantum processors containing up to 1,000 qubits which are not advanced enough yet
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
Noisy_intermediate-scale_quantum_computing
Definition of quantum circuits
In quantum computing and quantum information theory, the Clifford gates are the elements of the Clifford group, a set of mathematical transformations
Clifford_gate
Model of quantum computation
A quantum Turing machine (QTM) or universal quantum computer is an abstract machine used to model the effects of a quantum computer. It provides a simple
Quantum_Turing_machine
Proposed quantum computer implementation
A trapped-ion quantum computer (TIQC) is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer. Ions, or charged atomic particles, can be confined and
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
Sorting algorithms for quantum computers
A quantum sort is any sorting algorithm that runs on a quantum computer. Any comparison-based quantum sorting algorithm would take at least Ω ( n log
Quantum_sort
Unit of quantum information
A qutrit (or quantum trit) is a unit of quantum information that is realized by a 3-level quantum system (qudit with radix 3), that may be in a superposition
Qutrit
Open-source software development kit
Qiskit (Quantum Information Software Kit) is an open-source, Python-based, high-performance software stack for quantum computing, originally developed
Qiskit
Quantum physics of light and matter in a cavity
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (cavity QED) is the study of the interaction between light confined in a reflective cavity and atoms or other particles
Cavity quantum electrodynamics
Cavity_quantum_electrodynamics
Quantum computing implementation
quantum computing is a branch of quantum computing and solid-state physics that implements superconducting electronic circuits as qubits in a quantum
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Quantum algorithm
In quantum computing, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a quantum algorithm for quantum chemistry, quantum simulations and optimization problems
Variational quantum eigensolver
Variational_quantum_eigensolver
Elementary particle with negative charge
substructure. An electron's mass is approximately 1/1836 that of a proton. Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum
Electron
Type of quantum computer built out of Rydberg atoms
neutral atom quantum computer is a type of quantum computer built using Rydberg atoms; this type has many commonalities with trapped-ion quantum computers
Neutral_atom_quantum_computer
Number of Josephson junctions on a superconducting integrated circuit chip
"Architectural Considerations in the Design of a Superconducting Quantum Annealing Processor". IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 24 (4): 1700110. arXiv:1401
Josephson_junction_count
Criteria for a usable quantum computer
can be. An example of annealing is described in a 2005 paper by Petta, et al., where a Bell pair of electrons is prepared in quantum dots. This procedure
DiVincenzo's_criteria
Nano-scale semiconductor particles
Quantum dots (QDs) or semiconductor nanocrystals are semiconductor particles a few nanometres in size with optical and electronic properties that differ
Quantum_dot
Method of quantum computing
The one-way quantum computer, also known as measurement-based quantum computer (MBQC), is a method of quantum computing that first prepares an entangled
One-way_quantum_computer
Aspect of quantum information science
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is an application of quantum information science. It is a variation of the quantum teleportation protocol. Quantum
Quantum_energy_teleportation
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
philosophy of physics, QBism (pronounced "cubism") is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that takes an agent's actions and experiences as the central
QBism
Paradigm of quantum computer
Linear optical quantum computing or linear optics quantum computation (LOQC), also photonic quantum computing (PQC), is a paradigm of quantum computation
Linear optical quantum computing
Linear_optical_quantum_computing
Theorem in physics
number of closely related results in physics, all of which determine that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden-variable theories, given some
Bell's_theorem
Optimization algorithm
formula Nelder–Mead method Gauss–Newton algorithm Hill climbing Quantum annealing CLS (continuous local search) Neuroevolution Boyd, Stephen; Vandenberghe
Gradient_descent
Quantum algorithm for eigenvalue estimation
In quantum computing, the quantum phase estimation algorithm is a quantum algorithm to estimate the phase corresponding to an eigenvalue of a given unitary
Quantum phase estimation algorithm
Quantum_phase_estimation_algorithm
American businessman
in quantum annealers". arXiv:1912.08314 [quant-ph]. Alghassi, Hedayat; Dridi, Raouf; Tayur, Sridhar (2019-02-11). "Graver Bases via Quantum Annealing with
Sridhar_Tayur
Sub-field of quantum physics and optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light)
Quantum_optics
Theory of the strong nuclear interactions
In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the study of the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons. Quarks are fundamental
Quantum_chromodynamics
Property of states in quantum mechanics
In physics, in the area of quantum information theory and quantum computation, quantum steering is a special kind of nonlocal correlation, which is intermediate
Quantum_steering
Model of quantum computing
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence
Quantum_circuit
Structure that repeats in time; a novel type or phase of non-equilibrium matter
In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive
Time_crystal
Quantum key distribution protocol
prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, in which, one party (e.g. Alice) performs the encoding by preparing the quantum states, and the
BB84
Point defect in diamonds
(called C or P1 centers in diamond literature) by irradiation followed by annealing at temperatures above 700 °C. A wide range of high-energy particles is
Nitrogen-vacancy_center
Proposed semiconductor implementation of quantum computers
The spin qubit quantum computer is a quantum computer based on controlling the spin of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) in semiconductor
Spin_qubit_quantum_computer
Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are used in quantum key distribution. The first protocol of that kind was BB84, introduced in 1984 by Charles
List of quantum key distribution protocols
List_of_quantum_key_distribution_protocols
Planned quantum technology campus in Chicago
The Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park (IQMP) is a planned 128-acre technology campus on the site of the former U.S. Steel South Works in South
Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park
Illinois_Quantum_and_Microelectronics_Park
American aerospace, defense, security, and technology company
collaborate to realize the benefits of a computing platform based upon a quantum annealing processor, as applied to some of Lockheed Martin's most challenging
Lockheed_Martin
Theorem pertaining to the ontology of quantum mechanics
The Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph (PBR) theorem is a no-go theorem in quantum foundations due to Matthew Pusey, Jonathan Barrett, and Terry Rudolph (for whom
Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph_theorem
Quantum algorithm
In quantum computing, the Brassard–Høyer–Tapp (BHT) algorithm is a quantum algorithm that solves the collision problem. In this problem, one is given
BHT_algorithm
Quantum computing algorithm
accurate quantum states from multiple noisy ones, which is important for building fault tolerant quantum computers. It has also been linked to quantum contextuality
Magic_state_distillation
Quantum-mechanical version of computer memory
In quantum computing, a quantum memory is the quantum-mechanical version of ordinary computer memory. Whereas ordinary memory stores information as binary
Quantum_memory
Field of statistical mechanics
maximize a function of multivariables called the cost function) via quantum annealing (Ohzeki & Nishimori 2011). Until recently thermodynamics has only
Stochastic_thermodynamics
Quantum error correction schemes can suppress the logical error rate arbitrarily low
In quantum computing, the threshold theorem (or quantum fault-tolerance theorem) states that a quantum computer with a physical error rate below a certain
Threshold_theorem
Problem in computer science
complexity theory and quantum computing, Simon's problem is a computational problem that is proven to be solved exponentially faster on a quantum computer than
Simon's_problem
Deterministic quantum algorithm
The Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm is a deterministic quantum algorithm proposed by David Deutsch and Richard Jozsa in 1992 with improvements by Richard Cleve
Deutsch–Jozsa_algorithm
Form of quantum computing
Hamiltonian quantum computation is a form of quantum computing. Unlike methods of quantum computation such as the adiabatic, measurement-based and circuit
Hamiltonian quantum computation
Hamiltonian_quantum_computation
Quantum algorithm for solving systems of linear equations
The Harrow–Hassidim–Lloyd (HHL) algorithm is a quantum algorithm for obtaining certain limited information about the solution to a system of linear equations
HHL_algorithm
Metric for a quantum computer's capabilities
Quantum volume is a metric that measures the capabilities and error rates of a quantum computer. It expresses the maximum size of square quantum circuits
Quantum_volume
Quantum computing applied to natural language processing
Quantum natural language processing (QNLP) is the application of quantum computing to natural language processing (NLP). It computes word embeddings as
Quantum natural language processing
Quantum_natural_language_processing
Operations research problem, paradigm of constrained scheduling problems
optimization, genetic algorithms, colony optimization, simulated annealing, quantum annealing, Tabu search, and coordinate descent. Burke et al. (2004) summarised
Nurse_scheduling_problem
operations Quantum annealing: optimization approach based on adiabatic evolution or annealing-like quantum dynamics Quantum artificial life: quantum-computing
List_of_algorithms
Quantum error correction code
In quantum computing and quantum communication, a stabilizer code is a class of quantum codes for performing quantum error correction. The toric code
Stabilizer_code
Remote quantum processors for computation
Cloud-based quantum computing refers to the remote access of quantum computing resources—such as quantum emulators, simulators, or processors—via the internet
Cloud-based_quantum_computing
Computational complexity class of problems
complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (BQP) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial time, with
BQP
Quantum Mechanics in Neural Networks
Quantum neural networks (QNN) are computational neural network models which are based on the principles of quantum mechanics. The first ideas on quantum
Quantum_neural_network
Topological quantum error correcting code
The surface code is a topological quantum error correcting code, and an example of a stabilizer code, defined on a two-dimensional spin lattice. The first
Surface_code
Indian physicist
around statistical condensed matter physics (including Quantum annealing; see also Timeline of quantum computing) and applications to social sciences (see
Bikas_Chakrabarti
Optimization problem
Goragot; Terabe, Masayoshi; Miki, Akira; Taguchi, Shinichirou (2019). "Quantum Annealing of Vehicle Routing Problem with Time, State and Capacity". arXiv:1903
Vehicle_routing_problem
Method of inferring the results of a computation without running a quantum computer
Counterfactual quantum computation is a method of inferring the result of a computation without actually running a quantum computer otherwise capable
Counterfactual quantum computation
Counterfactual_quantum_computation
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