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Concept in quantum mathematics
Quantum random circuits (QRC) is a concept of incorporating an element of randomness into the local unitary operations and measurements of a quantum circuit
Quantum_random_circuits
Computational benchmark
discussed was a variant of a quantum random sampling scheme in which qubits undergo random quantum circuits featuring quantum gates drawn from a universal
Quantum_supremacy
Model of quantum computing
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence
Quantum_circuit
Interdisciplinary research area
Quantum machine learning (QML) is the study of quantum algorithms for machine learning. It often refers to quantum algorithms for machine learning tasks
Quantum_machine_learning
Basic circuit in quantum computing
of qubits. Quantum logic gates are the building blocks of quantum circuits, like classical logic gates are for conventional digital circuits. According
Quantum_logic_gate
as quantum volume, randomized benchmarking or circuit layer operations per second (CLOPS). These QPUs are based on the quantum circuit and quantum logic
List_of_quantum_processors
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
lattice. A quantum Turing machine is the quantum analog of a Turing machine. All of these models of computation—quantum circuits, one-way quantum computation
Quantum_computing
Cryptographic device
"classical" (non-quantum) phenomena are not truly random, an unpredictable physical system is usually acceptable as a source of randomness, so the qualifiers
Hardware random number generator
Hardware_random_number_generator
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
vacuum. Samples of random numbers are available at their quantum random number generator research page. Random.org makes available random numbers that are
Random_number_generation
2019 quantum processor by Google
project. Jiuzhang Quantum random circuits List of quantum processors Kan, Michael (23 October 2019). "Google Claims Quantum Computing Achievement, IBM
Sycamore_(processor)
Quantum computing implementation
quantum computing is a branch of quantum computing and solid-state physics that implements superconducting electronic circuits as qubits in a quantum
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Quantum algorithm for integer factorization
on Quantum Computing. 5 (2): 1–40. arXiv:2201.07791. doi:10.1145/3655026. Markov, Igor L.; Saeedi, Mehdi (2012). "Constant-Optimized Quantum Circuits for
Shor's_algorithm
Type of quantum computer
versa. They found that a conventional quantum computer device, given an error-free operation of its logic circuits, will give a solution with an absolute
Topological_quantum_computer
Computer programming for quantum computers
Quantum programming refers to the process of designing and implementing algorithms that operate on quantum systems, typically using quantum circuits composed
Quantum_programming
Experimental technology level
effect of noise by running a set of circuits and applying post-processing to the measured data. In contrast to quantum error correction, where errors are
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
Noisy_intermediate-scale_quantum_computing
Networks connecting quantum processors
quantum bits, also called qubits, between physically separated quantum processors. A quantum processor is a machine able to perform quantum circuits on
Quantum_network
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
programming language designed to describe quantum circuits. It is based on the quantum circuit model and represents quantum programs as ordered sequences of parameterized
Quantum_information_science
Metric for a quantum computer's capabilities
square quantum circuits that can be implemented successfully by the computer. The form of the circuits is independent from the quantum computer architecture
Quantum_volume
demonstration of fault tolerant circuits on a quantum computer. BQP In computational complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (BQP) is the
Glossary_of_quantum_computing
Quantum states of two qubits
there are many possible ways to create entangled Bell states through quantum circuits, the simplest takes a computational basis as the input, and contains
Bell_state
Means of studying the interaction of light and matter
Circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) provides a means of studying the fundamental interaction between light and matter (quantum optics). As in
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit_quantum_electrodynamics
development of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Quantum computing and communication are two sub-fields of quantum information
List of companies involved in quantum computing, communication or sensing
List_of_companies_involved_in_quantum_computing,_communication_or_sensing
Topics referred to by the same term
Quebec Railway Corporation Queen's Royal College Quantum reservoir computing Quantum random circuits QRC, the Q code for "What is your true bearing?"
QRC
Model of quantum computation
Molina; John Watrous (2018). "Revisiting the simulation of quantum Turing machines by quantum circuits". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical
Quantum_Turing_machine
Algorithm to be run on quantum computers
computation, the most commonly used model being the quantum circuit model of computation. A classical (or non-quantum) algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions
Quantum_algorithm
Restricted model of non-universal quantum computation
particle that includes photons — whose quantum waves interfere with one another in a way that essentially randomizes the position of the particles", thus
Boson_sampling
Cloud quantum computing platform
down to OpenQASM for execution on real quantum systems. Circuits can be created either graphically with the Quantum Composer, or programmatically through
IBM_Quantum_Platform
Matrix-valued random variable
lattice, or the emergence of quantum chaos, can be modeled mathematically as problems concerning large, random matrices. Random matrix theory first gained
Random_matrix
Process in quantum computing
Quantum error correction (QEC) comprises a set of techniques used in quantum memory and quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors arising
Quantum_error_correction
Change of basis applied in quantum computing
In quantum computing, the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a linear transformation on quantum bits, and is the quantum analogue of the discrete Fourier
Quantum_Fourier_transform
Secure communication method
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that implements a cryptographic protocol based on the laws of quantum mechanics, specifically
Quantum_key_distribution
Property of computational resources needed
be experimentally determined through randomized measurement protocols on quantum processors. Without magic, quantum computers cannot perform any computation
Magic_(quantum_information)
Fact that observing a situation changes it
represents the possible results of a random variable. Observer (special relativity) Dirac, P.A.M. (1967). The Principles of Quantum Mechanics (4th ed.). Oxford
Observer_effect_(physics)
Research division of Google
Google Quantum AI is a research division of Google focused on developing quantum computing technologies. Started on 2012, it was started by Google scientist
Google_Quantum_AI
Open-source software development kit
building quantum circuits and registering quantum operations, a library of predefined quantum logic gates and parameterized circuits, a quantum information
Qiskit
Entity that can be evaluated and is hard to predict
are dependent on the effects of quantum mechanics at this scale, whilst the quantum mechanics are dictated by the random atomic structure. Cloning this
Types of physical unclonable function
Types_of_physical_unclonable_function
Physics phenomenon
Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon in which the quantum state of each particle in a group cannot be described independently of the state of the others
Quantum_entanglement
Unit of quantum information
A qutrit (or quantum trit) is a unit of quantum information that is realized by a 3-level quantum system (qudit with radix 3), that may be in a superposition
Qutrit
Type of electronic noise
can lead to dominance of shot noise. Shot noise in electronic circuits consists of random fluctuations of direct current (DC), which is due to electric
Shot_noise
Quantum Mechanics in Neural Networks
Quantum neural networks are computational neural network models which are based on the principles of quantum mechanics. The first ideas on quantum neural
Quantum_neural_network
Loss of quantum coherence
needed] Circuit design: Optimizing the coherence ability when designing the construction of quantum circuits, similar to the concern in classical circuits.[citation
Quantum_decoherence
manageable parts. In particular, during the NISQ era of quantum computing the execution of quantum circuits is limited by the size, i.e., number of qubits, as
Quantum_circuit_cutting
Superconducting qubit implementation
In quantum computing, and more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, a transmon is a type of superconducting charge qubit designed to have
Transmon
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms
Post-quantum_cryptography
Paradigm of quantum computer
Linear optical quantum computing or linear optics quantum computation (LOQC), also photonic quantum computing (PQC), is a paradigm of quantum computation
Linear optical quantum computing
Linear_optical_quantum_computing
Model of computation
circuits corresponding to their lengths, evaluate to 1. Several important complexity measures can be defined on Boolean circuits, including circuit depth
Boolean_circuit
Encryption technique
secret in a quantum setting. Suppose Alice wishes to send the message hello to Bob. Assume two pads of paper containing identical random sequences of
One-time_pad
timeline of quantum computing and communication. Erwin Schrödinger publishes a theorem setting the basis for quantum steering and the limits of quantum state
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Computing company founded in 2014
a quantum computing company formed by the merger of Cambridge Quantum and Honeywell Quantum Solutions. The company's H-Series trapped-ion quantum computers
Quantinuum
Method for assessing quantum computer hardware capabilities
Randomized benchmarking is an experimental method for measuring the average error rates of quantum computing hardware platforms. The protocol estimates
Randomized_benchmarking
Basic unit of quantum information
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classic binary bit. A qubit
Qubit
Optimization algorithms using quantum computing
Quantum optimization algorithms are quantum algorithms that are used to solve optimization problems. Mathematical optimization deals with finding the
Quantum optimization algorithms
Quantum_optimization_algorithms
Fringe hypothesis
The quantum mind or quantum consciousness is a group of hypotheses proposing that local physical laws and interactions from classical mechanics or connections
Quantum_mind
Quantum computing applied to natural language processing
as parameterised quantum circuits that can solve NLP tasks faster than any classical computer. It is inspired by categorical quantum mechanics and the
Quantum natural language processing
Quantum_natural_language_processing
Unconventional logic circuit
random flip-flop is electrically compatible with Boolean logic circuits, and when they are used together, RFFs make up a full set of logic circuits capable
Random_flip-flop
Interaction of a quantum system with a classical observer
{1-F(\rho ,\sigma )}}.} Quantum circuits are a model for quantum computation in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates followed by measurements
Measurement in quantum mechanics
Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Quantum cryptography is the exploiting of quantum-mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem, and
Quantum_cryptography
Quantum benchmarking protocol
Sycamore processor was the first to demonstrate quantum supremacy via XEB. Instances of random circuits with n = 53 {\displaystyle n=53} and 20 cycles
Cross-entropy_benchmarking
representative set of quantum algorithms." While other benchmarks such as IBM's Quantum volume are run on random quantum circuits that do not necessarily
Algorithmic_qubits
Information held in the state of a quantum system
Quantum information is the information of the state of a quantum system. It is the basic entity of study in quantum information science, and can be manipulated
Quantum_information
Quantum physics-based metaheuristic for optimization problems
demonstration of the success of quantum annealing for random magnets was reported immediately after the initial theoretical proposal. Quantum annealing has also been
Quantum_annealing
Physical phenomenon
determinations of quantum teleportation have been made in information content – including photons, atoms, electrons, and superconducting circuits – as well as
Quantum_teleportation
Quantum mechanical phenomenon
In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or
Quantum_tunnelling
Branch of physics seeking to explain chaotic dynamical systems in terms of quantum theory
chaos. Statistical measures of quantum chaos were born out of a desire to quantify spectral features of complex systems. Random matrix theory was developed
Quantum_chaos
Proving validity without revealing other data
to verify information, the arithmetic circuits that implement them must be carefully designed. If these circuits lack sufficient constraints, they may
Zero-knowledge_proof
Computational complexity class of problems
uniform families of quantum circuits. A language L is in BQP if and only if there exists a polynomial-time uniform family of quantum circuits { Q n : n ∈ N
BQP
Nano-scale semiconductor particles
integrated onto standard silicon-based integrated circuits or microelectromechanical systems. Quantum dots are valued for displays because they emit light
Quantum_dot
Context dependence in quantum measurements
Quantum contextuality is a feature of the phenomenology of quantum mechanics whereby measurements of quantum observables cannot simply be thought of as
Quantum_contextuality
Electronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material
An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or simply chip, is a compact assembly of electronic circuits formed from various electronic components
Integrated_circuit
Process of copying a quantum state with no modification of the original
perfect quantum cloning is proved to be unattainable. The trade-off of optimal accuracy between the resulting copies has been studied in quantum circuits, and
Quantum_cloning
Quantum search algorithm
In quantum computing, Grover's algorithm, also known as the quantum search algorithm, is a quantum algorithm for unstructured search that finds with high
Grover's_algorithm
Technique in quantum computation
In quantum computation, the Hadamard test is a method used to create a random variable whose expected value is the expected real part R e ⟨ ψ | U | ψ ⟩
Hadamard_test
Form of computer data storage
integrated circuits (ICs) during the early 1970s. Prior to the development of integrated read-only memory (ROM) circuits, permanent (or read-only) random-access
Random-access_memory
Complexity of sending information in a distributed algorithm
as quantum correlations or more generally almost-quantum correlations, whereas on the contrary some other resources are shown to collapse randomized communication
Communication_complexity
Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are used in quantum key distribution. The first protocol of that kind was BB84, introduced in 1984 by Charles
List of quantum key distribution protocols
List_of_quantum_key_distribution_protocols
Computing by new or unusual methods
models are register machines, random-access machines, Turing machines, lambda calculus, rewriting systems, digital circuits, cellular automata, and Petri
Unconventional_computing
Formulation of quantum mechanics
summing up all possible random walks. The path integral has impacted a wide array of sciences, including polymer physics, quantum field theory, string theory
Path-integral_formulation
Computer simulation of chemical systems
Quantum computational chemistry is an emerging field that exploits quantum computing to simulate chemical systems. Despite quantum mechanics' foundational
Quantum computational chemistry
Quantum_computational_chemistry
Simulators of quantum mechanical systems
gases, polar molecules, trapped ions, photonic systems, quantum dots, and superconducting circuits. Many important problems in physics, especially low-temperature
Quantum_simulator
Proposed quantum computer implementation
A trapped-ion quantum computer (TIQC) is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer. Ions, or charged atomic particles, can be confined and
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
Concept in physics
non-Hermitian quantum mechanics describes quantum mechanical systems where Hamiltonians are not Hermitian. The first paper that has "non-Hermitian quantum mechanics"
Non-Hermitian quantum mechanics
Non-Hermitian_quantum_mechanics
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
disciplines, including quantum chemistry, quantum biology, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe
Quantum_mechanics
Cryptographic primitives that involve lattices
proof. Lattice-based constructions support important standards of post-quantum cryptography. Unlike more widely used and known public-key schemes such
Lattice-based_cryptography
Computational complexity of quantum algorithms
Similarly, quantum complexity classes may be defined using quantum models of computation, such as the quantum circuit model or the equivalent quantum Turing
Quantum_complexity_theory
Digital circuit that produces sums from inputs
circuit: the most common are Dadda and Wallace trees. This kind of circuit is most notably used in multiplier circuits, which is why these circuits are
Adder_(electronics)
List of quantum computing algorithms
software Quantum circuit Quantum complexity theory Quantum information science Quantum programming Quantum supremacy Montanaro, Ashley (2016). "Quantum algorithms:
List_of_quantum_algorithms
Concept in computer science
There is a style of circuit design ideally exhibiting this property that is referred to as charge recovery logic, adiabatic circuits, or adiabatic computing
Reversible_computing
Applications of machine learning to quantum physics
Variational circuits are generally composed of a classical device communicating input parameters (random or pre-trained parameters) into a quantum device,
Machine_learning_in_physics
Method of quantum computing
At the same time, any quantum circuit can be in turn converted into a CME pattern: a technique to translate quantum circuits into a MBQC pattern of measurements
One-way_quantum_computer
Notion in network science of quantum information networks
Quantum complex networks are complex networks whose nodes are quantum computing devices. Quantum mechanics has been used to create secure quantum communications
Quantum_complex_network
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
The many-worlds interpretation (MWI) is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that asserts that the universal wavefunction is objectively real, and that
Many-worlds_interpretation
Quantum computing chip
qubits is scaled, achieving below threshold quantum error correction. Second, that Willow completed a Random Circuit Sampling (RCS) benchmark task in 5 minutes
Willow_processor
Subdiscipline of condensed matter physics
effect in physics Quantum wire – Electrical wire where quantum effects influence transport properties Random matrix – Matrix-valued random variable Semiclassical
Mesoscopic_physics
Model of computation
In quantum information, the one clean qubit model of computation is performed an n {\displaystyle n} qubit system with one pure state and n − 1 {\displaystyle
One_clean_qubit
Intermediate representation for quantum instructions
Open Quantum Assembly Language (OpenQASM; pronounced open kazm) is a programming language designed for describing quantum circuits and algorithms for
OpenQASM
Quantum algorithm
In quantum computing, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a quantum algorithm for quantum chemistry, quantum simulations and optimization problems
Variational quantum eigensolver
Variational_quantum_eigensolver
Foundational object in quantum communication theory
In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel that can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information. An
Quantum_channel
Continuous (non-quantized) quantities in quantum information science
including quantum mechanics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, and computational finance. Because randomness is present throughout quantum theory
Continuous-variable quantum information
Continuous-variable_quantum_information
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
temperature. The random motion corresponding to this zero-point energy never vanishes; it is a consequence of the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics
Zero-point_energy
Quantum effect of uncertainty
electronics for control and readout. This is why quantum noise is a major engineering problem in superconducting circuits and in the LIGO gravitational wave observatory
Quantum_noise
QUANTUM RANDOM-CIRCUITS
QUANTUM RANDOM-CIRCUITS
Male
English
Pet form of English Randall and Randolph, both RANDY means "shield-wolf." Compare with feminine Randy.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Randy, RANDI means "worthy of admiration."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; perhaps a variant of Francom.
Boy/Male
English American
Son of Rand.
Surname or Lastname
English or Scottish
English or Scottish : unexplained. Possibly, as Black suggests, a reduced form of Langdon.French : from the old Germanic personal name element Lando (see Land), via the oblique case, Landonis.
Female
English
Short form of English Miranda, RANDA means "worthy of admiration."Â
Male
English
Medieval form of English Randolf, RANDAL means "shield-wolf."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Ransom.
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Old Norse Randolfr, RANDOLF means "shield-wolf." Compare with another form of Randolf.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Randall.Americanized spelling of Randel.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Rand 1, from the Old French oblique case.
Male
Norwegian
 Norwegian form of Old Norse Arnþórr, ANDOR means "eagle of Thor." Compare with another form of Andor.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Crandon, a habitational name from Crandon in Somerset or Crandean in Falmer, Sussex. Compare Grandin.
Male
English
 Variant spelling of Middle English Randulf, RANDOLF means "shield-wolf." Compare with other forms of Randolf.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Brandon.
Male
Hungarian
 Variant spelling of Hungarian András, ANDOR means "man; warrior." Compare with another form of Andor.
Boy/Male
English
Son of Rand.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly East Anglia)
English (chiefly East Anglia) : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Rand(e) (see Rand 1).
Female
English
Pet form of English Miranda, RANDY means "worthy of admiration."Â Compare with masculine Randy.Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Rand 1.
QUANTUM RANDOM-CIRCUITS
QUANTUM RANDOM-CIRCUITS
Male
Scottish
Variant spelling of Scottish Crìsdean, CHRÌSDEAN means "Christ-bearer."
Boy/Male
Tamil
What
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Man with a Good Heart; One of a Kind
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
No One Equal
Male
Native American
Native American Miwok name WUYI means "soaring turkey vulture."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Torbett.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Young girl, Young woman
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ashvind | à®…à®·à¯à®µà®¿à®‚த
Lord of glory
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kaartikeya | காரà¯à®¤à®¿à®•à¯‡à®¯
Son of Shiva
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Swift
QUANTUM RANDOM-CIRCUITS
QUANTUM RANDOM-CIRCUITS
QUANTUM RANDOM-CIRCUITS
QUANTUM RANDOM-CIRCUITS
QUANTUM RANDOM-CIRCUITS
n.
The release of a captive, or of captured property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; as, prisoners hopeless of ransom.
n.
Anything driven at random.
adv.
In a random manner.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Ransom
n.
To redeem from captivity, servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; as, to ransom prisoners from an enemy.
a.
Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to chance; haphazard; as, a random guess.
n.
To exact a ransom for, or a payment on.
n.
A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or by a boundary.
a.
Cruising at random on the ocean.
n.
Ransom; release.
n.
Quantity; amount.
n.
Extra hazard; chance; accident; random.
n.
Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; as, the random of a rifle ball.
pl.
of Quantum
n.
A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; -- commonly used in the phrase at random, that is, without a settled point of direction; at hazard.
n.
Ransom.
imp. & p. p.
of Ransom
n.
Random.
v. i.
To go or stray at random.