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Limitation on the minimum time for a quantum system to evolve between two states
In quantum mechanics, a quantum speed limit (QSL) is a limitation on the minimum time for a quantum system to evolve between two distinguishable (orthogonal)
Quantum_speed_limit
Highest possible rate of computation in this universe
This is one of the quantum speed limit theorems. However, it has been shown that chaining multiple computations or access to quantum memory in principle
Bremermann's_limit
Citizen science project
presumed quantum speed limit is a huge challenge for quantum algorithms and the task that Quantum Moves players are asked to tackle. In Quantum Moves, the
Quantum_Moves
Physical lower limit to energy consumption of computation
physical implementation; the benefits are not automatic. Quantum speed limit Bremermann's limit Bekenstein bound Kolmogorov complexity Entropy in thermodynamics
Landauer's_principle
Computational benchmark
In quantum computing, quantum supremacy or quantum advantage is the goal of demonstrating that a programmable quantum computer can solve a problem that
Quantum_supremacy
German physicist
development of quantum thermodynamics with focus on the thermodynamics of quantum information, quantum speed limit for open systems, quantum control and
Sebastian_Deffner
Quantum search algorithm
In quantum computing, Grover's algorithm, also known as the quantum search algorithm, is a quantum algorithm for unstructured search that finds with high
Grover's_algorithm
Quantum algorithm for integer factorization
Shor's algorithm is a quantum algorithm for finding the prime factors of an integer. It was developed in 1994 by the American mathematician Peter Shor
Shor's_algorithm
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
experimental aspects of quantum physics, including the limits of what can be achieved with quantum information. The term quantum information theory is sometimes
Quantum_information_science
Cloud quantum computing platform
IBM Quantum Platform (previously known as IBM Quantum Experience) is an online platform allowing public and premium access to cloud-based quantum computing
IBM_Quantum_Platform
Proposed quantum computer implementation
A trapped-ion quantum computer (TIQC) is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer. Ions, or charged atomic particles, can be confined and
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
Sub-field of quantum physics and optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light)
Quantum_optics
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
A quantum computer is a computer that represents and processes information using quantum states. Quantum computations exploit phenomena such as superposition
Quantum_computing
Information held in the state of a quantum system
Quantum information is the information of the state of a quantum system. It is the basic entity of study in quantum information science, and can be manipulated
Quantum_information
Type of quantum computer
A topological quantum computer is a type of quantum computer. It utilizes anyons, a type of quasiparticle that occurs in two-dimensional systems. The
Topological_quantum_computer
Basic unit of quantum information
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classic binary bit. A qubit
Qubit
Physical phenomenon
faster than the speed of light. One of the first scientific articles to investigate quantum teleportation is "Teleporting an Unknown Quantum State via Dual
Quantum_teleportation
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms
Post-quantum_cryptography
Quantum mechanical macroscopic object
A quantum machine is a human-made device whose collective motion follows the laws of quantum mechanics. The idea that macroscopic objects may follow the
Quantum_machine
Interdisciplinary research area
Quantum machine learning (QML) is the study of quantum algorithms for machine learning. It often refers to quantum algorithms for machine learning tasks
Quantum_machine_learning
Basic circuit in quantum computing
In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit
Quantum_logic_gate
Algorithm to be run on quantum computers
In quantum computing, a quantum algorithm is an algorithm that runs on a realistic model of quantum computation, the most commonly used model being the
Quantum_algorithm
Speed of electromagnetic waves
inertial reference frame of the observer. The speed of light in vacuum is the upper limit for the speed at which information, matter, or energy can travel
Speed_of_light
Model of quantum computation
A quantum Turing machine (QTM) or universal quantum computer is an abstract machine used to model the effects of a quantum computer. It provides a simple
Quantum_Turing_machine
Secure communication method
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that implements a cryptographic protocol based on the laws of quantum mechanics, specifically
Quantum_key_distribution
Simulators of quantum mechanical systems
Quantum simulators permit the study of a quantum system in a programmable fashion. In this instance, simulators are special purpose devices designed to
Quantum_simulator
Quantum physics of light and matter in a cavity
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (cavity QED) is the study of the interaction between light confined in a reflective cavity and atoms or other particles
Cavity quantum electrodynamics
Cavity_quantum_electrodynamics
Computer programming for quantum computers
Quantum programming refers to the process of designing and implementing algorithms that operate on quantum systems, typically using quantum circuits composed
Quantum_programming
Model of quantum computing
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence
Quantum_circuit
Bremermann's limit is the maximum computational speed of a self-contained system in the material universe, and is based on mass–energy versus quantum uncertainty
Limits_of_computation
This list contains quantum processors, also known as quantum processing units (QPUs). Some devices listed below have only been announced at press conferences
List_of_quantum_processors
Proposed design of bank notes
A quantum money scheme is a quantum cryptographic protocol that creates and verifies banknotes that are resistant to forgery. It is based on the principle
Quantum_money
Soviet physicist (1879–1944)
scattering Quantum tunnelling Quantum speed limit L. I. Mandelstam, I. E. Tamm "The uncertainty relation between energy and time in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics"
Leonid_Mandelstam
timeline of quantum computing and communication. Erwin Schrödinger publishes a theorem setting the basis for quantum steering and the limits of quantum state
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Type of quantum circuit construction
Quantum gate teleportation is a quantum circuit construction where a gate is applied to target qubits by first applying the gate to an entangled state
Quantum_gate_teleportation
Computational complexity class of problems
complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (BQP) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial time, with
BQP
Type of quantum information processing
Adiabatic quantum computation (AQC) is a form of quantum computing which relies on the adiabatic theorem to perform calculations and is closely related
Adiabatic_quantum_computation
Change of basis applied in quantum computing
In quantum computing, the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a linear transformation on quantum bits, and is the quantum analogue of the discrete Fourier
Quantum_Fourier_transform
Foundational object in quantum communication theory
In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel that can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information. An
Quantum_channel
Aspect of quantum information science
faster than the speed of light, the speed at which energy can be transferred from Alice to Bob is also limited by the speed of light. Quantum energy teleportation
Quantum_energy_teleportation
Open-source software development kit
Qiskit (Quantum Information Software Kit) is an open-source, Python-based, high-performance software stack for quantum computing, originally developed
Qiskit
Theorem in physics
propagate faster than the speed of light. "Hidden variables" are supposed properties of quantum particles that are not included in quantum theory but nevertheless
Bell's_theorem
Property of computational resources needed
In quantum information theory, magic is a property that quantifies the computational resources needed to describe quantum states beyond stabilizer states
Magic_(quantum_information)
Unit of quantum information
A qutrit (or quantum trit) is a unit of quantum information that is realized by a 3-level quantum system (qudit with radix 3), that may be in a superposition
Qutrit
Quantum physics-based metaheuristic for optimization problems
Quantum annealing (QA) is an optimization process for finding the global minimum of a given objective function over a given set of candidate solutions
Quantum_annealing
Upper bound on the knowable information of a quantum state
Holevo's theorem is a result in quantum information theory. It is sometimes called Holevo's bound, since it gives an upper bound on the accessible information
Holevo's_theorem
Fluctuation of spacetime on very small scales
Telescopes Set Limits on Spacetime Quantum "Foam"". 28 May 2015. "Chandra Press Room :: NASA Telescopes Set Limits on Space-time Quantum "Foam":: 28 May
Quantum_foam
Experimental technology level
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing is characterized by quantum processors containing up to 1,000 qubits which are not advanced enough yet
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
Noisy_intermediate-scale_quantum_computing
Deviations from local realism
Quantum nonlocality does not allow for faster-than-light communication, and hence is compatible with special relativity and its universal speed limit
Quantum_nonlocality
Quantum key distribution protocol
prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, in which, one party (e.g. Alice) performs the encoding by preparing the quantum states, and the
BB84
Process in quantum computing
Quantum error correction (QEC) comprises a set of techniques used in quantum memory and quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors arising
Quantum_error_correction
Type of dense exotic matter in physics
Arthur Milne. Quantum mechanics uses the word 'degenerate' in two ways: degenerate energy levels and as the low temperature ground state limit for states
Degenerate_matter
Quantum Mechanics in Neural Networks
Quantum neural networks (QNN) are computational neural network models which are based on the principles of quantum mechanics. The first ideas on quantum
Quantum_neural_network
Optimization algorithms using quantum computing
Quantum optimization algorithms are quantum algorithms that are used to solve optimization problems. Mathematical optimization deals with finding the
Quantum optimization algorithms
Quantum_optimization_algorithms
Paradigm of quantum computer
Linear optical quantum computing or linear optics quantum computation (LOQC), also photonic quantum computing (PQC), is a paradigm of quantum computation
Linear optical quantum computing
Linear_optical_quantum_computing
Concept in quantum information theory
In quantum information theory, quantum state purification refers to the process of representing a mixed state as a pure quantum state of higher-dimensional
Quantum_state_purification
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
relativity and quantum mechanics into a single formulation that simplifies to the Schrödinger equation in the non-relativistic limit: the Dirac equation
Schrödinger_equation
Sorting algorithms for quantum computers
A quantum sort is any sorting algorithm that runs on a quantum computer. Any comparison-based quantum sorting algorithm would take at least Ω ( n log
Quantum_sort
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Quantum cryptography is the exploiting of quantum-mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem, and
Quantum_cryptography
Quantum computing applied to natural language processing
Quantum natural language processing (QNLP) is the application of quantum computing to natural language processing (NLP). It computes word embeddings as
Quantum natural language processing
Quantum_natural_language_processing
Networks connecting quantum processors
Quantum networks form an important element of quantum computing and quantum communication systems. Quantum networks facilitate the transmission of information
Quantum_network
Theorem in quantum information science
identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state, a statement which has profound implications in the field of quantum computing among others. The theorem
No-cloning_theorem
Theorem pertaining to the ontology of quantum mechanics
The Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph (PBR) theorem is a no-go theorem in quantum foundations due to Matthew Pusey, Jonathan Barrett, and Terry Rudolph (for whom
Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph_theorem
Metric for a quantum computer's capabilities
Quantum volume is a metric that measures the capabilities and error rates of a quantum computer. It expresses the maximum size of square quantum circuits
Quantum_volume
Physics developed since 1900
include quantum mechanics, special relativity, and general relativity. Classical physics is typically concerned with everyday conditions: speeds are much
Modern_physics
Form of quantum computing
Hamiltonian quantum computation is a form of quantum computing. Unlike methods of quantum computation such as the adiabatic, measurement-based and circuit
Hamiltonian quantum computation
Hamiltonian_quantum_computation
Type of quantum computer built out of Rydberg atoms
neutral atom quantum computer is a type of quantum computer built using Rydberg atoms; this type has many commonalities with trapped-ion quantum computers
Neutral_atom_quantum_computer
Quantum algorithm
In quantum computing, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a quantum algorithm for quantum chemistry, quantum simulations and optimization problems
Variational quantum eigensolver
Variational_quantum_eigensolver
Physics phenomenon
to violate the speed limit on the transmission of information implicit in the theory of relativity. Einstein later disparaged quantum mechanics for seemingly
Quantum_entanglement
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
philosophy of physics, QBism (pronounced "cubism") is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that takes an agent's actions and experiences as the central
QBism
Proposed semiconductor implementation of quantum computers
The spin qubit quantum computer is a quantum computer based on controlling the spin of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) in semiconductor
Spin_qubit_quantum_computer
Intermediate representation for quantum instructions
Open Quantum Assembly Language (OpenQASM; pronounced open kazm) is a programming language designed for describing quantum circuits and algorithms for execution
OpenQASM
Computational complexity of quantum algorithms
Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational
Quantum_complexity_theory
Propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light
known as a proper speed or a proper velocity. There is no limit on the value of a proper speed as a proper speed does not represent a speed measured in a
Faster-than-light
Principle in quantum information theory
principle of causality in quantum mechanics and ensures that information transfer does not violate special relativity by exceeding the speed of light. The theorem
No-communication_theorem
Type of quantum computer
The Kane quantum computer is a proposal for a scalable quantum computer proposed by Bruce Kane in 1998, who was then at the University of New South Wales
Kane_quantum_computer
Quantum error correction schemes can suppress the logical error rate arbitrarily low
In quantum computing, the threshold theorem (or quantum fault-tolerance theorem) states that a quantum computer with a physical error rate below a certain
Threshold_theorem
Method of inferring the results of a computation without running a quantum computer
Counterfactual quantum computation is a method of inferring the result of a computation without actually running a quantum computer otherwise capable
Counterfactual quantum computation
Counterfactual_quantum_computation
Speed limit of quantum information
Lieb–Robinson bound is a theoretical upper limit on the speed at which information can propagate in non-relativistic quantum systems. It demonstrates that information
Lieb–Robinson_bounds
Projected date when quantum computers could break modern encryption
(also Q Day and sometimes as Y2Q, or simply the quantum threat) refers to the theoretical date when quantum computers have reached the point where they can
Quantum_Threat
Quantum algorithm for eigenvalue estimation
In quantum computing, the quantum phase estimation algorithm is a quantum algorithm to estimate the phase corresponding to an eigenvalue of a given unitary
Quantum phase estimation algorithm
Quantum_phase_estimation_algorithm
Soviet physicist (1895–1971)
Tamm "The uncertainty relation between energy and time in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics", Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR (ser. fiz.) 9, 122–128 (1945). English
Igor_Tamm
Remote quantum processors for computation
Cloud-based quantum computing refers to the remote access of quantum computing resources—such as quantum emulators, simulators, or processors—via the internet
Cloud-based_quantum_computing
Property of states in quantum mechanics
In physics, in the area of quantum information theory and quantum computation, quantum steering is a special kind of nonlocal correlation, which is intermediate
Quantum_steering
Foundational theorem of quantum information processing
no-deleting theorem of quantum information theory is a no-go theorem which states that, in general, given two copies of some arbitrary quantum state, it is impossible
No-deleting_theorem
Superconducting qubit implementation
In quantum computing, and more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, a transmon is a type of superconducting charge qubit designed to have
Transmon
Quantum error correction code
In quantum computing and quantum communication, a stabilizer code is a class of quantum codes for performing quantum error correction. The toric code
Stabilizer_code
Theorem of quantum information theory
and unitarity of quantum mechanics. Thus, information is never lost in unitary, non wave function collapse interpretations of quantum mechanics. This has
No-hiding_theorem
Quantum computing implementation
quantum computing is a branch of quantum computing and solid-state physics that implements superconducting electronic circuits as qubits in a quantum
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Approximation or recovery of classical mechanics in certain theories
introduced to quantum theory by Niels Bohr: in effect it states that some kind of continuity argument should apply to the classical limit of quantum systems
Classical_limit
Highest rate quantum information can be sent through a noisy quantum channel
(hashing bound). There exists a stabilizer quantum error-correcting code that achieves the hashing limit R = 1 − H ( p ) {\displaystyle R=1-H\left(\mathbf
Quantum_capacity
Deterministic quantum algorithm
The Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm is a deterministic quantum algorithm proposed by David Deutsch and Richard Jozsa in 1992 with improvements by Richard Cleve
Deutsch–Jozsa_algorithm
Topological quantum error correcting code
considered to be a Z2 lattice gauge theory in a particular limit. However, on many quantum computation platforms, experimental realization of a surface
Surface_code
Class of quantum error correcting codes
the limit of how many qubits can be corrected is also given by the Gilbert–Varshamov bound. Robert Calderbank and Peter Shor (1996). "Good quantum error-correcting
CSS_code
Planned quantum technology campus in Chicago
The Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park (IQMP) is a planned 128-acre technology campus on the site of the former U.S. Steel South Works in South
Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park
Illinois_Quantum_and_Microelectronics_Park
Elementary particle or quantum of light
φῶς, φωτός (phôs, phōtós) 'light') is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such
Photon
Magnetic phenomenon
No-teleportation PBR Quantum speed limit Threshold Solovay–Kitaev Schrödinger-HJW Quantum communication Classical capacity entanglement-assisted quantum capacity
Spin–spin_relaxation
Spanish physicist (born 1981)
titled "Time in Quantum Mechanics". He has generalized the time-energy uncertainty relation by introducing quantum speed limits in open quantum systems and
Adolfo_del_Campo
Fictional superluminal spacecraft propulsion system
effect has since been measured and confirmed many times. In the limit, at light speed time stops completely (relative to a certain reference frame) and
Warp_drive
Definition of quantum circuits
In quantum computing and quantum information theory, the Clifford gates are the elements of the Clifford group, a set of mathematical transformations
Clifford_gate
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